Inquizitive 11

Identify the statements that describe the Underground Railroad.

"Stations" on the Underground Railroad were hideouts maintained by abolitionists to help fugitive slaves. Harriet Tubman was the most famous "conductor" on the Underground Railroad. The Underground Railroad was not a single, centralized system, but rather a series of interlocking local networks involving black and white abolitionists helping slaves reach safety.

Most slaves who succeeded in escaping slavery, like Frederick Douglass, came from the Upper South, especially from states that bordered free states like Virginia, Maryland, and Kentucky.

True

Identify the outlook on slavery described in this passage.

paternalism

Slaves developed a distinct version of Christianity that offered solace in the face of hardship and hope for liberation from bondage. Identify the statements that describe the religious life of slaves.

Correct Answer(s) Although it was illegal for slaves to gather without a white person present, every plantation appeared to have its own black preacher who would hold church services exclusively for the slave population. They associated with the story of the Jews, and believed that they were chosen people whom God would eventually deliver from bondage. Incorrect Answer(s) Slave religion followed strict Anglican guidelines. The slaves' favorite sermons reminded them that the Bible required servants to obey their masters.

Identify the statements that describe Frederick Douglass's critique of slavery.

Correct Answer(s) Douglass relates slavery to American values in order to question a society that does not practice its commitment to liberty for all people by enslaving black people. Douglass says that slaves are the truest Americans in that all they want is liberty. Incorrect Answer(s) Douglass urges slaves to rise up and revolt. Douglass advises slaves to commit "day-to-day" rebellions, including stealing food, breaking machinery, and pretending to be sick.

How did slavery shape social and economic relations in the Old South? Identify the statements that describe the Old South.

Correct Answer(s) In 1860, the South produced less than 10 percent of the nation's manufactured goods. Slavery powerfully shaped race relations, politics, religion, and the law in the Old South. Incorrect Answer(s) There were no industrial centers in the South. Large numbers of immigrants were attracted to settling in the South.

Page 322 11.2. What were the legal and material constraints on slaves' lives and work? A photograph shows an overseer on horseback watching a group of slaves pick cotton.Identify the key differences between slavery in the United States and slavery in Brazil.

Correct Answer(s) In the American South, states set limits on voluntary manumission, requiring such acts be approved by the legislature. In Brazil slaves were often given freedom as a form of celebration, or allowed to purchase their own freedom.

After abolition in the North, slavery had become the "peculiar institution" of the South. Identify the statements that describe this "peculiar institution" in the antebellum American South.

Correct Answer(s) In the South as a whole, slaves made up one-third of the total population, and in the cotton-producing states of the Deep South, around half. The Mason-Dixon Line, drawn between Pennsylvania and Maryland, became the dividing line between slavery and freedom. Incorrect Answer(s) The American South actually produced only a small percentage of the world's cotton supply; it was beet plantations that made slavery so profitable. By the end of the Revolutionary War, slavery had mostly died out in the United States.

Identify the statements that describe the southern planter class.

Correct Answer(s) The "planter class" was a term for the families who owned twenty or more slaves, and as a result, produced the most profits. The planter class wielded significant political influence in the South because of its wealth and power. Incorrect Answer(s) Most of the planter class owned fewer than twenty slaves, but as a collective they generated the most cotton in the South. Planters owned only a small portion of the most fertile regions of the South.

What does this image of a southern port reveal about the southern economy?

Correct Answer(s) The cotton trade created a massive industry focused on exporting the region's cotton to the rest of the country and the world. Slaves contributed to all aspects of the cotton industry, from laboring in the fields to preparing the "white gold" for sale. Incorrect Answer(s) Slaves contributed exclusively to the cultivation of cotton in the fields; they were not involved in the efforts to prepare the cotton for sale. Although cotton was a significant part of the southern economy, manufacturing was far more prevalent throughout the region.

Slavery in the American South and the West Indies differed considerably. Identify the demographic differences in slavery in the following regions. The number of male slaves outnumbered the female slaves.

Correct label: West Indies The number of male and female slaves were about the same. Correct label: American South Marriage among slaves in this region was much more common, leading to a greater possibility of creating family life. Correct label: American South

Many slaves fully understood the impossibility of directly challenging the slave system. This meant their folktales and biblical favorites tended to glorify the weak outwitting much stronger foes. Identify why the following Bible stories and folktales were popular with slaves.

Entire families worked at some mills, with women and children contributing to the production of textiles. It was the first time in history that a large number of unmarried women left their homes to participate in the public world.

Many slaves fully understood the impossibility of directly challenging the slave system. This meant their folktales and biblical favorites tended to glorify the weak outwitting much stronger foes. Identify why the following Bible stories and folktales were popular with slaves

God chooses Moses to lead the enslaved Jews out of Egypt into a promised land of freedom. Correct label: Exodus glorifies the weak outwitting stronger foes like the bear and the fox Correct label: Brer Rabbit represented a personal redeemer who truly cared for the oppressed Correct label: Jesus Christ

Identify the escapes or contributions to escapes made by the following individuals.

He escaped from the Upper South and became a leading abolitionist speaker and writer. Correct label: Frederick Douglass He packed himself into a crate and had it shipped from Richmond to Philadelphia. Correct label: Henry Brown She was the best known "conductor" on the Underground Railroad. It is estimated that she saved seventy-five men, women, and children from slavery. Correct label: Harriet Tubman

Resistance to slavery occasionally moved beyond individual and group acts of defiance to outright rebellions. Match the rebellions to their corresponding events.

Led by a slave preacher and religious mystic in Southampton County, Virginia, this was the last large-scale slave rebellion in the South. Correct label: Nat Turner's Rebellion Some 500 men and women armed with sugarcane knives, axes, and guns marched toward the city, destroying property until they were stopped by the military. Correct label: New Orleans The leader of this rebellion was outspoken about equal rights and well informed; he was accused of supposedly organizing a rebellion in South Carolina but was caught before it came to fruition. Correct label: Denmark Vesey's conspiracy

Identify the statements that describe the Second Middle Passage.

Many commercial districts in southern cities contained the offices of slave traders, complete with signs reading "Negro Sales" or "Negroes Bought Here." Slave trading within the United States between 1820 and 1860 was a visible, established business.

Slave owners attempted to prevent slaves from learning about the larger world around them. How did slaves acquire knowledge of current events?

Many owners were unaware that slaves created neighborhood networks that transmitted news of local and national importance between plantations.

Identify the statements that describe slave marriage and life in the United States.

One of every three slave marriages in slave-selling states, like Virginia, was broken by sale. Most adult slaves married and when their unions were not disrupted by sale, they typically married for a lifetime.

How did family, gender, religion, and values combine to create distinct slave cultures in the Old South? In some ways, gender roles under slavery differed markedly from those in the larger society. Why did the nineteenth century's "cult of domesticity" not apply to slave women?

Slave women were expected to work in the fields with the men, not take care of the home life.

What arguments does De Bow make in attempt to demonstrate that the Bible sanctions slavery?

Slavery appears in both the New and Old Testaments of the Bible. If the servant of God, Abraham, had slaves, then slavery is not morally wrong.

identify states of the old south

Slavery powerfully shaped race relations, politics, religion, and the law in the Old South. In 1860, the South produced less than 10 percent of the nation's manufactured goods.

what were obstacles faced by slaves attempting to escape. A poster offers rewards for the return of escaped slaves.

Slaves did not receive formal education and as a result they had little or no sense of geography, making it difficult to determine where to go after escaping. There were regular slave patrols, law enforcement, and a legal system designed to ensure slaves did not escape from their masters. Often bonds between family members and friends were enough to deter slaves from leaving the plantation.

What does this advertisement reveal about how slaves were perceived in the South?

Slaves were considered property, and as such they were no different than a piece of furniture or a horse.

identify the statements that describe the southern planter class.

The "planter class" was a term for the families who owned twenty or more slaves, and as a result, produced the most profits. The planter class wielded significant political influence in the South because of its wealth and power.

After abolition in the North, slavery had become the "peculiar institution" of the South. Identify the statements that describe this "peculiar institution" in the antebellum American South.

The Mason-Dixon Line, drawn between Pennsylvania and Maryland, became the dividing line between slavery and freedom. In the South as a whole, slaves made up one-third of the total population, and in the cotton-producing states of the Deep South, around half.

The largest plantations were concentrated in coastal South Carolina and which geographic feature?

The Mississippi River

Slavery in the American South and the West Indies differed considerably. Identify the demographic differences in slavery in the following regions.

The number of male and female slaves were about the same. Correct label: American South The number of male slaves outnumbered the female slaves. Correct label: West Indies Marriage among slaves in this region was much more common, leading to a greater possibility of creating family life. Correct label: American South

On the eve of the Civil War, nearly half a million free blacks lived in the United States, the majority of them in the South. Identify the statements that describe the restrictions under which free blacks lived.

They were not allowed to testify in court against whites. They were not allowed to select public officials.

Identify the legal status and restrictions put on slaves in the American South.

Under the law, slaves were seen as property. It was illegal to teach a slave to read and write. Slaves could not testify in court against white persons, sign contracts, or acquire property.

Identify the following slave rebellions and revolts in the nineteenth-century Atlantic World.

a celebrated incident in which fifty-three slaves took control of their ship and tried to redirect it to Africa Correct label: slave ship Amistad an uprising that occurred on sugar plantations north of New Orleans. Some 500 men and women marched on New Orleans shouting "Death or Freedom." Correct label: Louisiana a ship seized by 135 slaves being transported from Norfolk to New Orleans; they changed its course to the British Bahamas where they were given refuge Correct label: slave ship Creole the first of four major slave conspiracies in the beginning of the nineteenth century that was led by a literate blacksmith who planned a large slave rebellion around Richmond Correct label: Gabriel's rebellion

Compared to slaves in Brazil or the West Indies, American slaves had - diets. This was because the South had abundant food supplies and wild game. But, although slaves in the United States enjoyed better material lives than slaves in other regions, they had far less access to -.

better, freedom

The most widespread expression of hostility to slavery as an institution was "day-to-day resistance" or "silent sabotage." Identify examples of the forms of "day-to-day resistance" that the slaves performed.

breaking tools, doing poor work, abusing animals stealing food

North American slave culture drew very little on African heritage. This was due to the fact that so many American slaves were American born and heavily influenced by white Christianity, political beliefs, and music.

false

Slave revolts in the United States were much larger and more frequent than in Brazil and the West Indies.

false

With the price of slaves rising dramatically after the closing of the African slave trade, it made economic sense for slave owners to pay less for health care and shelter.

false

The amount of revenue generated by slavery for the South and the rest of the country made it extremely difficult to abolish the peculiar institution in a region where cotton was king. These profits were a powerful obstacle to abolition.

true

While there were no traditional gender roles when it came to slaves' forced labor, in their private lives slaves did take on traditional gender roles, with women caring for the home and men providing for the family.

true

Slaveowners employed a variety of means in their attempts to maintain order and discipline among their human property and persuade them to labor productively. Identify the methods used to control slaves and force them to work for their masters.

whipping slaves and other physical punishments prohibiting relations between house servants and field hands to prevent collaboration against the master

In the thirty years leading up to the Civil War, fewer and fewer whites viewed slavery as a "necessary evil." Identify how the following arguments were used by southerners to justify to themselves and to the world their use of slavery.

without slavery, many whites believed planters would be unable to cultivate the arts, sciences, and other civilized pursuits Correct label: human progress the belief that blacks were innately inferior to whites and unsuited for life in any condition other than slavery Correct label: white supremacy the interpretation of passages in religious texts including the injunction that servants should obey their masters Correct label: biblical passages