interpersonal communication

communication

a continuous transactional process involving particpants who occupy different but overlapping environments and create relationships through the exchange of messages many of which are affected by external, physiological, and psychological noise

personality

a relatively consistent set of traits exhibited by a person across a variety of situations

territory

a stationary area claimed by an individual

perception checking

a three part method for verifying the accuracy of interpretations includinga description of the sense data two possible interpretations and a request for confirmaiton of the interpretations

equivocal language

ambiguous language that has two or more equally plausible meanings

self fulfilling prophecy

an expectaitontof an event followed by behaviors based on that ecpectation that makes the out come more likely to occure than would have been the case otherwise

irrational thinking

beliefs that have no basis in reality or logic; once source of debilitative stage fright

stereotyping

catergorizing individuals according to a set of cahracteristecs assumed to belong to all memebers of a group

emblems

deliberate nonverbal behaviors with precise meanings, known to virtually all memebers of a cultrual group

rumination

dewlling persistently on negative thoughts that in turn intesifies negative feelings

facilitative emotions

emotions that contribute to effective functioning

debilitative emotions

emotions that prevent a person from functioning effectively

social comparison

evaluation of oneself in terms of or by comparison to others

interpersonal communication

in a quantitative sense communication between two individuals in a qualitative sense, communication in which the parties consider one another as unique individuals rather than objects. it is characterized by minimal use of stereotyping lables, unique, idiosyncratic rules and a high degree of information exchange.

abstract language

language that is vague and general rather than concrete and specific

nonverbal communication

messages expressed by other than linquistic means

parapanguage

nonlinguistic means of vocal expression, rate, pitch, tone and so on

illustrators

nonverbal behaviors that accompany and support verbal messages

significant others

people whose opinon is important enough to affect ones self concept strongly

semantic rules

rules that govern the meaning of language as opposed to its structure

communication competience

the ability to accomplish ones personal goals in a manner that maintains a relationship on terms that are acceptable to all parties

cognitive complexity

the ability to construct a variety of frameworks for viewing an issue

empathy

the ability to project oneself into another person's point of view, so as to experience the others thoughts and feelings

culture

the attitudes and behavior that are characteristic of a particular social group or organization

identity mangement

the communication strategies people use to influence how others view them

environment

the field of experiences that lead a person to make sense of anothers behavior. environments consist of physical characteristics, personal experiences, relations, history and cultural background

selection

the first state in the perception process in which some data are chosen to attend to and others to ignore

presenting self

the image a person presents to others. it may be identical with or different from the perceived and ideal self

self seteem

the part of the self concept that involves an individuals evalutions of his or her self worth

perceived self

the person we believe ourselves to be in moments of candor. it may be identical with or differnet from the presenting and ideal self

halo effect

the power of a first impression to influence subsequient perceptions

attribution

the process of attaching meaning to behavior

interpretation

the process of attaching meaning to sense data

self monitoring

the process of attending to ones behavior and using those obeservations to shape the way one behaves

punctuation

the process of determining the causal order of events

self concept

the relatively stable set of perceptions each individual holds of himself or herself

organization

the second stage in the perception process in which selected information is arranged in some meaningful way

negotiation

the sense-making that occurs between and among people as they influenece one another's perceptions and try to achieve a shared perspective. fourth stage in the perception process

kinesics

the study of body position and motion

proxemics

the study of how people use interpersonal space and distance

hapatics

the study of touching

self serving bias

the tendency to interpret and explain information in a way that casts the perceiver in the most favorable manner

cognitive conservatism

the tendency to seek and attend to information that conforms to an existing self concetp

static evaluation

the tendency to view people or relationships as unchanging

reflected aprraisal

the theory that a person's self concep mirrors the way the person believes others regard him or her

adaptors

unconscious bodily movements in response to the environment

relative words

words that gain their meaning by comparison