Intro to business SmartBook Ch. 12, 11 ,and 7
ways in which departments are commonly organized.
by customer by product by geographic region by function
An organization structure in which decision-making authority is maintained at the top level of management is called a(n) ______ organization.
centralized
A permanent, formal group that performs a specific task is called a ______.
committee
Mistakes in both oral and written __________ systems within the organization can lower productivity and morale.
communication
Profits begin to decline during the growth stage because ______.
competitors enter the market and drive prices downward
When segmenting a market, _____ a approach is used when a company develops one marketing strategy for a single market segment.
concentration
Products created for household or family use and intended for daily living are called ______ products.
consumer
The organizational ______ represents a company's widely shared values, beliefs, and traditions.
culture
A __________ is anyone who shops for products and decides whether and what to buy.
customer
A real estate agency matches its brokers to the type of groups it services: first-time home buyers, urban dwellers, house flippers, business owners, etc. This exemplifies ______ departmentalization.
customer
Deodorants, shampoo, and conditioner are often marketed and packaged differently to men than to women. This is an example of market segmentation using _____ variables.
demographic
Segmenting facial products by sex, age, and race is an example of _____ segmentation.
demographic
The grouping of jobs into working units usually called departments, units, groups, or divisions is called ______.
departmentalization
The arrangement of jobs around the needs of various types of customers is know as ______.
departmentalization by customer group
Instead of selling your product throughout the United States, you might concentrate on one or two regions. This is an example of _____ segmentation.
geographic
When men's dress shirts are divided and separated by size as well as color and brand name, it can be said that they are being ______.
graded
Your text defines a _____ as two or more individuals who communicate with one another, share a common identity, and have a common goal.
group
Sales increase rapidly and profits peak, then start to decline in the _____ stage of the product life cycle.
growth
Which three products are considered convenience products and thus would utilize an intensive distribution?
gum gas soft drinks
Place the steps of product development in the correct order.
idea development New idea screening business analysis product development test marketing commercialism
Inappropriate or impractical new product ideas will be rejected during the _____ phase
idea screening
When the marketing manager looks at the organization's resources and objectives to assess the firm's ability to produce and market a product, the company is in the _____ stage of new product development.
idea screening
Marketers of _____ include political parties, churches, and schools.
ideas
merchant wholesalers
independently owned firms that take title to the merchandise they handle, assume risks, and sells to other wholesalers, business customers, or retailers
The _____ stage of the product life cycle is exemplified by low sales, limited consumer awareness, and negative profits.
inro
The process of coordinating the promotion mix elements and synchronizing promotion as a unified effort is called _______.
integrated marketing communication
_____ distribution makes a product available in as many outlets as possible.
intensive
Internal company networks that increase communication across different departments and levels of management and help with the flow of everyday business activities are called ______.
intranets
What stage of the product life cycle is a product likely in if consumer awareness is limited and profits are negative?
intro
The functional approach to departmentalization is common in ______ organizations.
large
Organizational _______ are the levels of management in an organization.
layers
Rashmi always used to shop at a particular clothing store. However, the last two times she shopped there, the staff was rude and they didn't have much stock on hand. Consequently, Rashmi is trying out new stores to shop at. Which psychological factor is at play in this scenario?
learning
This psychological factor is defined as the act of bringing about changes in a person's behavior based on information and experience.
learning
A group of products that are physically similar or are intended for a similar market are referred to as a product
line
An organization that has direct two-way lines of responsibility, authority, and communication running from the top to the bottom of the organization, with all people reporting to only one supervisor is called a(n) ______ structure.
line
If sales of a product peak and begin to decline along with declining profits due to severe competition and heavy expenditures, the product is in the _____ stage of the product life cycle.
maturity
_____ is the inner drive that directs someone toward a goal—possibly buying a home--to fulfill that drive.
motivation
A firm is looking to restructure its organization into larger groups. It is deciding whether to organize its departments on the basis of geography, customer type, or product. Either way, structuring the firm in this way is utilizing the ______ structure.
multidivisional
All of the following information is typically presented on a product's label EXCEPT ______.
product classification
During which stage of new product development is a prototype of the product created?
product development
Due in part to the Industrial Revolution and the demand for manufactured goods, this orientation was prominent in the second half of the 19th century.
product orientation
A special type of team formed to devise, design, and implement a new product is a ______.
product-development team
New technologies such as electricity and railroads allowed the ______ orientation to flourish by allowing goods to be manufactured with increased efficiency.
production
A team that runs its own operation and has total control of a specific work project is called a ______.
project team
Commercialization
promoting a product to distributors, retailers, and consumers to gain wide interest and distribution in the product
Advertising, personal selling, publicity, and sales promotion are collectively known as the _____.
promotion mix
When a manufacturer of a hybrid vehicle attempts to create an image of the product as helping to save the environment, it is using _____.
promotional positioning
Product Development
prototype
Any information about an individual, a product, or an organization that is distributed to the public through the media and that's not paid for or controlled by the seller is known as
publicity
The promotional strategy in which the producer uses wholesaler discounts, personal selling, sales promotion contests, and other promotional tools to convince wholesalers and retailers to stock and sell its merchandise is known as a _______ strategy.
push
Brandon needed to get a new tractor for his landscaping business. He needed to make sure that the tractor would perform well for a long time, was easy to maintain, and was made with durable parts. Brandon is assessing the product's ______.
quality
Idea Screening
reducing the number of ideas to the most promising and working on those
Dewayne's family, his National Society of Black Engineers of America professional group, and the Rotary organization to which he belongs are _____ groups that may influence his buying decisions.
reference
Groups with whom buyers identify and whose values or attitudes they adopt are referred to as _______ groups.
reference
Cybill's manager wanted her to design the new ad campaign for the firm's new product. She was given all the necessary resources to complete the task. Cybill understands that her manager is going to hold her accountable to make sure the ad campaign is executed successfully. This exemplifies the concept of ______.
responsibility
The obligation, placed on employees through delegation, to perform assigned tasks satisfactorily and be held accountable for the proper execution of work is the definition of ______.
responsibility
Carl's landscaping business started out small, but has grown into a large business with many clients. Originally, all the employees reported to Carl, but he now thinks it is time to hire two more people; one to manage the lawn maintenance business, and one to manage the design business. Each of these managers will supervise their own employees. By adding this additional layer of management, Carl is in the process of ______.
restructuring his firm
Macy's and Kohl's are considered to be _______ because they buy products from manufacturers or other intermediaries and sell them to consumers for home and household use.
retailers
After a period of intense demand and production of goods, supply began to exceed demand. Businesspeople realized that they would have to make a concerted effort to sell products and began advertising. This describes the ______ orientation.
sales
Today some people still inaccurately equate marketing with a _______ orientation.
sales
signs that a product is in the maturity stage of the product life cycle?
sales peak and decline competition is severe profits decline
If a push strategy is successful, then consumers are more likely to find out about a new product after ______.
seeing it in stores
The process of dividing the total market into groups whose members have similar characteristics is market
segmentation
If a team is empowered to make decisions without management approval first then it is said to be ______.
self-directed
Marketers expedite the exchange process by using promotion activities to persuade a customer to purchase a product. This is the essence of which function of marketing?
selling
What do marketers usually view as a persuasive marketing activity accomplished through promotion?
selling
a _____ is the application of human and mechanical efforts to people or objects to provide intangible benefits to customers.
service
Products or services the consumer buys only after comparing value, quality, price, and style from a variety of sellers are called consumer _____ products
shopping
A good outcome from using ______ networks is the opportunity to reach new voices and gain varied perspectives on the creative process of developing new products and promotions.
social
A ranking of people into higher or lower positions of respect is known as ______.
social classes
University student, mother, and sister are examples of ______ that influence buying behavior.
social roles
The number of subordinates who report to a particular manager is his or her ______ of management.
span
Dividing specific tasks into smaller jobs based on employee skill is called ______.
specialization
If the owner of a lawn-mowing company were to take the division of labor a step further and divide the mowing task into three separate activities (mowing, trimming, and raking) performed by three separate employees specifically trained for their assigned duty this would exemplify _____.
specialization
_______ products require research and extensive shopping effort as consumers know what they want and are not willing to accept a substitute.
specialty
Which marketing function takes on significant importance when dealing with seasonal fruits and vegetables that offer a short shelf life and selling opportunity?
storing
An organization's _____ develops when managers assign work tasks and activities to specific individuals or work groups and coordinate the diverse activities required to reach the firm's objectives.
structure
An organization's ______ develops when managers assign work tasks and activities to specific individuals or work groups and coordinate the diverse activities required to reach the firm's objectives.
structure
The process of connecting and integrating all members of the distribution system in order to satisfy customers is referred to as ______.
supply chain manangent
A company with many layers of managers is considered ______ and the span of management is _____.
tall; narrow
A more specific group of consumers on whose needs and wants a company focuses its marketing efforts is referred to as a(n)
target market
A _______ _______ is a temporary group of employees responsible for bringing about a particular change.
task force
What is the central focus of all marketing activities?
the buyer
B2C marketing
the process in which businesses sell to consumers
At its core, the reason companies divide labor and specialize is because ______.
they want to be as efficient as possible
If you open a pizza restaurant and assume that all potential customers have similar needs and wants, you are using a ______ _______ approach to define your target market.
total market
In defining its target market, sellers of salt, sugar, and flour most likely use a _____.
total market approach
The process of moving strawberries, blackberries, and raspberries from Portland Fresh and Ready Farms to the farmer's market where customers will purchase them, is a marketing activity called ______.
transporting
_____ is the process of moving products from a seller to a buyer.
transporting
A marketer must understand the needs of the buyer in order to determine what products to make available.
true
Although personal selling has many advantages it is one of the most costly forms of promotion.
true
Products used directly or indirectly in the operation or manufacturing processes of businesses are called business products.
true
Promotional positioning is the natural result of market segmentation.
true
Time utility has to do with selling an item or service in a timely manner and relates to the storing function of marketing.
true
Transportation, warehousing, and materials handling are all part of physical distribution.
true
True or false: Every organization, regardless of size, organizational type, product, or profit objective has a corporate culture.
true
True or false: Time utility has to do with selling an item or service in a timely manner and relates to the storing function of marketing.
true
A customer's subjective assessment of what they receive relative to costs in determining the worth of an item is referred to as ______.
value
Customer benefits subtracted by customer costs = customer _____.
value
A lumber yard that buys plywood from a producer and sells it to a home improvement retail store is an example of a(n) _____.
wholesaler
_____ are intermediaries who buy from producers and sell to retailers.
wholesalers
Organizations that bridge the gap between a product's manufacturer and the end user are called intermediaries or middle men. Two types of intermediary organizations are ______
wholesalers and retailers
A _____ span of management exists when a manager directly supervises a very large number of employees.
wide
In the United States ______ are the largest market segment.
women
Which two of the following characterize centralized organizations?
Authority is concentrated at the top levels of the organization. Very little decision-making authority is delegated to lower levels.
A name, symbol, or design that identifies the goods or services of one seller in comparison to other sellers is a ______.
Brand
Tyrone needs a new laptop. He knows how much he can afford, but rather than just purchase impulsively, he is in the process of researching different models and asking his friends for their recommendations. Marketers would consider this to be Tyrone's ______.
Buying behavior
The decision processes and actions of people who purchase and use products is referred to as
Buying behavior.
Which of the following are social factors that influence how, why, and when a consumer may buy a product or service?
Culture Social class Reference group
In a(n) ______ organization the decision-making authority is delegated as far down the chain of command as possible.
Decentralized
What are two weaknesses of functional departmentalization?
Decision making across departments is slow. It requires greater coordination among departments.
A marketing strategy has two major components: selecting a target market, and ______.
Developing an appropriate marketing mix
______ communication takes place when individuals from different levels and different departments communicate.
Diagonal
Why are distribution decisions considered one of the least flexible marketing mix decisions?
Distribution decisions often commit resources. Distribution decisions often establish contractual relationships that are difficult to change.
Channels of communication that are intentionally defined and designed by the organization are designated as ______ communication channels.
Formal
Top Managers
Should not directly supervise more than four to eight people
Why do firms usually feel the need to restructure?
The firm has experienced growth and diversification. Decision making has slowed down. Traditional structures become difficult to coordinate.
_____ combines sight, sound, and animation to facilitate testing of concepts as well as packaging and design features.
Virtual testing
A market is defined as
a group of people who have a need, purchasing power, and the desire and authority to spend money on goods, services, and ideas
Which principle means that employees who accept an assignment and the authority to carry it out are answerable to a superior for the outcome?
accountability
In the first half of the 20th century, business people who adopted the sales orientation perspective believed the most important marketing activities were personal selling and ______.
advertising
Paid, non-personal communication through various media by organizations and individuals who are in some way identified in the message is known as
advertising
The supply chain includes ______.
all who are involved in moving products from the producer to the ultimate consumer
The principle of accountability means that ______.
an employee who accepts an assignment and the authority to carry it out is answerable to a superior for the outcome
Tammie was communicating to her employees the proper way to handle abuse in the workplace. One individual kept interjecting comments while Tammie was speaking. This behavior is known as ______ and can be a serious barrier to effective communication.
an interruption
Business Analysis
assessing the potential profitability of the product
Knowledge and the positive or negative feelings a person has about something is referred to as
attitude
A face cream that reduces wrinkles is marketed to women looking for anti-aging products. This type of benefit segmentation is related to ______ segmentation.
behavioristic
Characteristics that commonly involve some aspect of product use is _____ segmentation.
behavioristic
A firm's ______ exclusively refers to the part of the brand that is a distinctive design, such as McDonald's golden arches logo.
brand mark
_____ is the process of naming and identifying products.
branding
The goal of a market orientation is to ______.
build long-term customer relationships
Products that are used for the operation of an organization or for the production of other products are referred to as...
business products
Which three (3) are used as a measure of product quality?
Durable Reliable Easily maintained
disadvantages of a matrix organizational structure?
Employees can be confused on whose authority has priority. Employees can be confused on whose authority has priority.
At the heart of all business is the _____, the act of giving up one thing (money, credit, labor, goods) in return for something else (goods, services, or ideas).
Exchange
In order for communication to be effective in the workplace, managers need to solicit comments and criticism from employees to their communication messages. This input from employees is referred to as ______.
Feedback
A(n) ______ ______ involves designing a series of advertisements and placing them in various media to reach a particular target audience.
Advertising campaign
What three items characterize work teams?
Creates collective work products Has shared leadership roles Has both individual and mutual accountability
_____ is the process by which a person selects and interprets information through senses about the quality of new towels or features of a new computer.
Perception
Three variables that are part of psychographic segmentation.
Personality Lifestyles Motives
small group whose members have complementary skills, have a common purpose, goals, and approach; and hold themselves mutually accountable.
Team
Which of the following exemplify sales promotion through sampling?
Test Drive Taste test
Which three utilities are provided by marketing intermediaries, also known as middlemen?
Time Ownership Place
Which of the following are typical objectives of promotion?
To stimulate demand To inform, remind, and reinforce customers To stabilize sales
Which of the following are characteristics of advertising?
Transmitted through a mass medium Uses various media Non-personal communication
Integrated marketing communication (IMC) combines ______ into one comprehensive, unified promotional strategy.
all promotional tools
Rather than have the top level of management make all the decisions, Jake's company gives all lower-level managers the authority to make decisions for his or her department. Jake's company operates as a(n) ______ organization.
decentralized
When jobs are organized by function, ______.
decision making that involves more than one department may be slow
If Pete was tasked with developing an organizational structure for his company, he would ______.
define the various positions in the company and their relationship to one another
The use of nonpersonal media to communicate products and information and offer consumers the opportunity to purchase from that media is referred to as ______.
direct marketing
Self-________ work teams means that they are empowered to make decisions without management approval.
directed
The presentation of important information on a package, such as ingredients and nutrition facts, is called _____.
labeling
Which orientation is best described as first determining what customers want and then produce it, rather than making the products first and then trying to persuade customers that they need them.
market orientation
A company has a product that is geared toward 18-21 year-old women, who are all college students. This group would be considered a...
market segment
Dividing the market into groups whose members have similar characteristics is ______.
market segmentation
A basic philosophy that guides all marketing activities is the _____ concept.
marketing
an _______ chart shows relationships among people; who is accountable for the completion of specific work, and who reports to whom.
organizational
Goods, services and ideas all fall under the ______ element of the marketing mix.
product
Many customers value "green" due to their positive environmental traits and the savings from better gas mileage. The marketing mix factor that accounts for these tangible and intangible attributes is ______.
product
The ______ variable of the marketing mix is often the most visible and therefore of critical importance.
product
A growing phenomenon, ______ teams rely on technological tools such as videoconferencing, email, and the Internet to accomplish their goals.
virtual
Interactive multimedia research is also known as
virtual testing
List the four steps for calculating the value of a product
Identify target customers identify the best alternative Determine the products difference Calculate the value based on his differentiation
The engineers at Wonderful Widgets have come up with an idea for a new product. The company has determined that the product fills a market need and that it should generate a profit. Now the company wants to see how the product will be perceived by the consumer. How will the company do this?
Prototype
This type of team is defined as small groups or workers brought together from throughout the organization to solve specific quality, productivity, or service problems.
Quality assurance teams
Maggie volunteers at the local children's hospital whenever she can. She recently heard that the running store downtown was partnering with the children's hospital and donating a percentage of its sales to the hospital. Maggie has decided to shop there from now on and is telling all her friends to do the same. What psychological factor is at play here?
attitude
Idea Development
generating new product ideals
Test Marketing
taking a product idea to consumers to test their reactions A trial mini-launch of a product in a limited area
By the _____, some businesspeople began to recognize that efficient production and extensive promotion did not guarantee sales and the marketing era was born.
1950s
What do marketers hope to gain by developing at least one dimension of value in the marketing mix that surpasses all competitors in meeting customer expectations?
A competitive advantage
What three items characterize a tall organization?
A narrow span of management Many layers of managers Higher administrative costs
A major wireless carrier designed a variety of advertisements to promote its new phone. Magazine, newspaper and television advertisements were created to attract the company's target market. This is an example of ______.
Advertising campaign
Sales increases
Advertising with high impact, hard-hitting language and symbols
Brand awareness
Advertising with repetition of the brand name and words and illustrations associated with it.
Which three are considered advantages of a matrix organizational structure?
Allow for quick response to changes in the environment Provide for flexibility Provide enhanced cooperation and creativity
three benefits of multidivisional structures.
Allows for each division or region to provide products to meet the needs of its customers Permits delegation of decision-making authority, allowing divisional and department managers to specialize Allows those closest to the action to make the decisions that will affect them
Lower-level managers
Are capable of managing a much larger number of subordinates, even as high as twenty-five people
____ is the standardizing of products by dividing them into subgroups and displaying and labeling them.
Grading
An informal channel of communication separate from management's formal official communications related to a job or organization that can sometimes be gossip is called a ______.
Grapevine
Select from the following those items that are benefits of teams.
Have a wider breadth of skills Have the ability to create more solutions Can pool members' knowledge
three items that characterize teams.
Helps cut costs Boosts productivity Fosters innovation
A watch manufacturer makes high-end watches and markets them to high income professional businessmen. The price of its watches range from $2,000 to $20,000. Because of this, the company only advertises in niche market publications that cater to this audience. In this scenario, identify what the central focus should be for this company's marketing activities.
High-income professional businessmen
The organizational system that develops spontaneously as employees meet and form relationships is referred to as the ______.
Informal organization
List the stages of the product life cycle in sequence from beginning to end.
Inro Growth Maturity Decline
These people perform many of the activities required to move products efficiently from producers to consumers or industrial buyers and are often wholesalers or retailers.
Intermediaries
Which of the following questions will be answered during the business analysis stage of new product development?
Is the product compatible with the marketplace? Will the product be profitable?
Why can overcentralization cause serious problems for an organization?
It can take longer for the organization to respond to changes on a regional scale. It can take longer for the organization to implement decisions. It can prevent low-level employees from reporting problems.
Which two factors would lead to a business being more centralized in its organization?
Low-level managers are not highly skilled in decision-making. Decisions to be made are risky.
Which of the following are common pricing objectives?
Maintaining the status quo Maximizing profits and sales Survival Boosting market share
Functions of _____ include buying, selling, transporting, and storing goods for an organization in order to accomplish objectives and generate exchanges.
Marketer
Intermediaries most likely assist with which four activities?
Materials handling Inventory control Warehousing Transporting
a _______ structure, also called a project management structure, sets up teams from different departments, thereby creating two or more intersecting lines of authority
Matrix
Magazine and newspaper advertisements
More detail and explanation
agent
Negotiate sales, do not own products, and perform a limited number of functions in exchange for a commission.
Which of the following best describes the concentration segmentation approach?
One marketing strategy for a single market segment
three types of utility created by retailers.
Ownership utility Place utility Time utility
This psychological factor is the process by which a person selects, organizes, and interprets information received from his or her sense, as when experiencing an advertisement or touching a product to better understand it.
Perception
Which of the following is not a typical marketing task of an organization?
Pricing a product or service
What three items characterize a work group?
Promotes individual leadership Emphasizes individual accountability Emphasizes individual work products
Quality-assurance teams are also referred to as
Quality circles
Which three terms accurately describe primary data?
Recorded Observed directly Collected directly
Short broadcast spot announcements and outdoor displays such as billboards
Require simple, concise messages
Marketing focuses on a complex set of activities that must be performed to accomplish objectives and generate exchanges. These activities include ______.
Risk taking Selling Researching
Promotion includes which of the following? (Select all that apply)
Sales promotion Publicity Advertising Personal selling
Identify the sales promotions in the list below.
Samples and demonstrations Coupons Store displays
While Duluth Trading operates some retail locations, it specializes in selling its products through catalogs. In doing so, Duluth Trading is engaged in _______ marketing.
direct
Janet works part-time for Pampered Chef. Her selling technique is to hold "parties" in people's homes where she cooks food and demonstrates the kitchen products she has for sale. This is an example of ____.
direct selling
_____ is making products available in the quantities desired.
distribution
_____ communication refers to the traditional flow of information from upper organizational levels to lower levels--examples would include job descriptions, directions, and performance feedback.
downward
What word reflects the rationale for specialization in the workplace?
efficientcy
For a team to maximize its contribution to the firm it must ______.
engage in a a harmonious, synchronized work effort that remains flexible to changing conditions
In marketing terms, when you pay the cashier money for the items you purchase at a store, it is an example of a(n) _____.
exchange
Political, legal, regulatory, social, competitive, economic, and technological factors are all _______ forces that influence the development of marketing strategies.
external
A consumer is trying to decide between 2 smartphones. Price is the most important feature, so a decision is able to be made on that criteria alone. This buying behavior is associated with specialty products.
false
If a business wants to achieve its objectives, it simply needs to create an innovative product.
false
Products are manufactured for either B2B markets or B2C markets, but never geared towards both.
false
The maximum number of people a manager should manage is no more than ten.
false
Price is defined as the value placed on an object by the buyer.
false, Price is the value placed on an object exchanged between a buyer and a seller.
Westwood Furniture Store realizes that many of its customers buy several pieces of furniture at one time and may not have immediate cash to pay for the purchase. Therefore, Westwood offers credit services where customers can pay for their purchase over time. To entice customers to shop Westwood also offers "no money down" and "no interest" options. This relates to the ______ function of marketing.
financing
Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn are often good substitutes for ______.
focus groups
The form of departmentalization that groups jobs that perform similar functional activities, like finance and marketing, is called ______ departmentalization.
functional
Products, such as butter, aspirin, or dog food, sold in plain simple packaging without a brand name are called ______.
generic brand
Marvelous Motor Works sells vehicles directly to businesses for use in their companies. Marvelous Motor Works has a manager for each type of vehicle it sells (cars, trucks, and delivery vehicles). The salespeople for each product report directly to his or her manager but may also consult the financing department and legal department to handle issues relating to financing and liability issues. This is an example of a(n) ______ organization.
line and staff
_______ is the planning and coordination of inbound and outbound as well as third-party services.
logistics
Brands that are initiated and owned by the manufacturer, such as Xerox or SONY, are called
manufacturer brand
A ______ orientation requires organizations to gather information about customers in order to build long-term relationships with them.
market
A(n) _____ strategy is a plan of action for developing, pricing, distributing, and promoting products.
marketing
The idea that a business or organization should try to satisfy customers' needs through activities that also allow it to achieve its own goals is known as the ______ concept
marketing
The group of organizations that move products from the producer to consumers is a ______.
marketing channel
Political, legal, regulatory, social, competitive, economic, and technological forces comprise the ______.
marketing environment
The _____ is the part of marketing strategy that involves decisions regarding controllable variables: product, price, distribution, and promotion.
marketing mix
The factors that go into a marketing program—product, price, distribution, and promotion—are called the...
marketing mix.
B2B Marketing
marketing products to customers who will use the product for resale or in the making of other products
A systematic, objective process of getting information about potential customers to guide marketing decisions is the definition of ______.
marketing research
Joe's Taco cart, which has always sold 100 percent pure beef tacos, develops three new taco varieties for the growing group of vegetarian students who come by daily. Joe still advertises his beef tacos but has also developed a mini-campaign to pitch the veggie tacos. Joe is using a(n) _____ market segmentation approach.
multisegment
When a UPS store targets consumers for shipping products around the holidays, but targets businesses for everyday shipping needs, it is using a(n) ______ approach.
multisegment
To find out the relationships among people in a company one may consult the company's ______.
organizational chart
The arrangement or relationship of positions within an organization is referred to as ______.
organizations structure
_____ can cause serious problems for a company, in part because it may take longer for the organization as a whole to implement decisions and to respond to changes and problems on a regional scale.
overcentralization
The____ is the external container that holds and describes the product, and influences consumers' attitudes and buying decisions.
packaging
A ______ pricing strategy is the practice of pricing a product low to attract many customers and rapidly gain market share.
penetration
A car salesperson interacting with a client is an example of _____ selling because it is a two-way communication between a salesperson and a potential buyer.
personal
_____ is the most flexible of the promotional methods because it gives marketers the greatest opportunity to communicate specific information that might answer an objection.
personal selling
______ distribution includes all the activities necessary to move products from producers to consumers.
physical
Distribution is sometimes referred to as _______ in the marketing mix.
placement
During the business analysis stage of new product development, products are analyzed for their compatibility in the marketplace and their ______.
potential profitability
Since it represents the measure of value used in an exchange, ______ is the marketing mix element that is the basis of most market exchanges.
price
Game Masters has just released the long-awaited, new platform of its most popular gaming console. Since the company wants to recoup development costs, and there will be little competition at first, Game Masters is setting the price rather high. Game Masters is using a ______ pricing strategy.
price skimming
Brands that do not carry the name of the manufacturer but carry a distributor or retailer name are called ______.
private distributor brands
The Great Value brand is found only at Walmart and is often less expensive than other brands carried by the store. Great Value is an example of a ______.
private distributor brands
A company has three main product lines: cleaning products, laundry products, and paper products. If it organizes its jobs around these product lines, it is using which form for departmentalization?
product
Automobile companies truly seem to be listening to customers who are environmentally concerned by offering more fuel-efficient cars. Companies are adjusting the ______ factor of the marketing mix.
product