Intro to Coding Unit 1
When were the first high-level programming languages developed?
1950s
When was web-based programming released?
1990s
What are examples of structured programming?
ALGOL, Pascal, PL/I, Turing, COBOL
What are examples of top-down programming?
Ada, Basic, C, C++, COBOL, Java
Who developed Microsoft Altair Basic?
Bill Gates and Paul Allen
Who developed C++ and its reference guide?
Bjorne Straustrup
What was developed in the 1960s in terms of programming languages?
C and Basic
What are examples of object-oriented programming?
C++, Java, LISP, Python, Ruby, Visual BASIC
What are examples of object-oriented programs?
C++, Python, Java
What were the first high-level programming languages?
FORTRAN, COBOl, LISP
Who founded the first computer bug and invented the compiler?
Grace Murray Hopper
Who developed Python?
Guido von Rossum
Who developed FORTRAN and its compiler?
John Backus (for IBM)
Who developed LISP
John McCarthy
Who developed Pascal?
Niklaus Werth
What was developed in the 1970s?
Pascal and Microsoft Altair Basic
Who developed Java?
Sun Microsystems
What was Basic originally used for?
a students learning program at Dartmouth
What does object-oriented programming use?
abstraction
emphasizes what the object is or does versus its representation
abstraction
sets of directions for problem solving
algorithms
low-level programming language that translated into binary machine language
assembly language
What are the two strategies for exploring solutions?
breaking a solution to a problem into more easily solvable steps; diagramming/modeling a solution
How is code executed for algorithms?
by drawing shapes and red/black lines
What is the content of computer programs called?
code
What are the benefits of starting with a programming design?
communicates designs about programming approach to team members; ensures different parts of code work well; ensures code is easy to read/maintain; saves time, money, effort
the process of writing the step by step instructions a computer can understand
computer programming
a set of step-by-step instructions that tell a computer exactly what to do
computer programs
What can objects contain in object-oriented programming?
data, programs to perform specific functions
What does a diamond represent in a flowchart?
decision/branching point
What does a line represent in a flowchart?
direction of flow
standard graphical representations in programming to illustrate the way a computer would run a code solution to a problem
flowcharts
What does a parallelogram represent in a flowchart?
input/output
problems that can be solved in a methodical, standardized manner with the use of well-defined steps
logic problems
What is structured programming made up of?
modules
sections of code
modules
What is top-down programming made up of?
modules that contain 1 or more routines
What would happen if you did not know how to do certain steps in an algorithm?
more steps would be needed
a program that is divided into parts called objects
object-oriented programming
What was used to enter instructions and data by hand in the 1940s?
panel switches
What do algorithms allow computers to do?
parts of the work that are repetitive
What was Altair Basic used for?
personal computers
describes the issues associated with a problem and the method for solving the problem
problem statement
What does a rectangle represent in a flowchart?
process
approach taken to writing code
programming design
enable communication of information and instructions
programming language
writing code informally in simple english (more detailed than a diagram)
pseudocode
What is an effective problem statement based on?
research
sets of instructions
routines
What is top-down programming good for?
simple calculationa
What does an oval represent in a flowchart?
start/end
process that involves using specific programming element to improve the clarity of code, its quality, and the time it takes
structured programming
What was Pascal used for?
teaching programming
What do algorithms sometimes assume?
that you know how to do certain things
process involving the overall problem your software is trying to solve; the process breaks that down into pieces that can be solved one at a time
top-down programming
What are the three types of programming design?
top-down, structured, object-oriented
What does a problem statement include?
vision of the way things will function, description of problem and issues that create it, method used to solve problem
enables your web browser to access a server maintained by a large company or other organization
web-based programming
