intro to microbiology unit 2

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true or false: all bacteria contain a cell wall

false

true or false: endospores are destroyed by the embalming process

false

true or false: flagella tend to be shorter than the organism to which they are attached

false

only ....... and ....... type bacteria contain a capsule

cocci bacilli

spherical bacteria are also known as

coccus/cocci (p)

fine, hair-like appendages that act like little whips

flagella

what is found within the nuclear body

genetic material

what takes place within the ribosome

protein synthesis

define capsule

a mucilaginous or gelatinous envelope located outside the cell wall

a single flagella at either end of a bacterium would be known as

amphitrichous

endospores are produced only by rod shaped bacteria such as: 1. 2. 3. 4.

bacillis anthracis clostridium tetani clostridium botulism clostridium perfringens

rod shaped bacteria are also known as

bacillus/ bacilli (p)

sporulating bacteria are

bacteria in which spores are forming

vegetative bacteria

bacteria that do not form spores and spore forming bacteria in which spores are not currently forming

the ...... is formed by an accumulation of slime excreted by the bacterium

capsule

the ........ enhances a bacterias virulence

capsule

the ........ functions as a protective shield

capsule

cytoplasm is rich in

carbohydrates enzymes lipids

........ lies inside the cell wall of many bacteria

cell membrane

the shape of a bacterial(prokaryotic) cell is maintained by a rigid ......

cell wall

what takes place within the mesosome

cellular respiration

bacilli that divide into pairs are called:

diplobacilli

cocci that divide and form into pairs are called:

diplococci

a (an)........... is a thick wall produced by bacteria to enable survival in unfavorable conditions

endospore

what factors determine the name of a particular type of flagella

location and number of filaments

a tuft of flagella at one or both ends of a bacterium

lophotrichous

one flagella at one end of a bacterium is called

monotrichous

an endospore will form to enable a bacterium to survive in unfavorable conditions such as : 1. 2. 3. 4.

no oxygen too much oxygen temperature changes antobiotics

flagella present at multiple sites around the bacterium

peritrichous

what are cell membranes mainly composed of:

phospholipids and fat

bacteria have short fine hair-like appendages that surround the cell called

pili or fimbriae

cell membrane is also known as :

plasma membrane

which type of bacteria produce endospores

rod shaped

cocci that cling in cubical packs of eight are called:

sarcinae

name the three shapes of bacteria

spherical Rod shaped spiral shaped

........ shaped bacteria come in three forms

spiral

this bacteria shape has a ridged axis when in motion

spirillum/ spirilla (p)

this bacteria shape has a flexible axis when in motion

spirochete/spirochetes (p)

irregular, grape-like clusters of cocci are called:

staphylococci

what is the only was to destroy spores

sterilization

bacilli that form into chains are called:

streptococci

cocci that cling in an end to end chain are called:

streptococci

cocci that cling in groups of four are called:

tetracocci/tetrads

define conjucation

the passing of hereditary material from one cell to another

germinating

the process of a spore forming back into the form of actively multiplying bacteria

morphology

the study of shapes

what is the function(s) of pili/fimbriae

to permit bacteria to adhere to solid surfaces or undergo conjucation

what is the purpose of a capsule

to protect against phagocytosis

true or false : mycoplasmas have no cell wall

true

true or false: if a bacteria has a flagella it will not have a capsule

true

true or false: most Eukarotic cells do not contain a cell wall

true

true or false: some eukarotic cells in plants algae and fungi have cell walls that are less complex and less rigid than those of prokaryotes

true

what are the three shapes of spherical bacteria

vibrio spirillum spirochete

this bacteria is shaped like a comma

vibrio / vibrios (p)

what is cytoplasm mainly composed of

water (80%)

define phagocytosis

when immune cells engulf pathogens

bacteria occur in ... well known shapes

3


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