intro to microbiology unit 2
true or false: all bacteria contain a cell wall
false
true or false: endospores are destroyed by the embalming process
false
true or false: flagella tend to be shorter than the organism to which they are attached
false
only ....... and ....... type bacteria contain a capsule
cocci bacilli
spherical bacteria are also known as
coccus/cocci (p)
fine, hair-like appendages that act like little whips
flagella
what is found within the nuclear body
genetic material
what takes place within the ribosome
protein synthesis
define capsule
a mucilaginous or gelatinous envelope located outside the cell wall
a single flagella at either end of a bacterium would be known as
amphitrichous
endospores are produced only by rod shaped bacteria such as: 1. 2. 3. 4.
bacillis anthracis clostridium tetani clostridium botulism clostridium perfringens
rod shaped bacteria are also known as
bacillus/ bacilli (p)
sporulating bacteria are
bacteria in which spores are forming
vegetative bacteria
bacteria that do not form spores and spore forming bacteria in which spores are not currently forming
the ...... is formed by an accumulation of slime excreted by the bacterium
capsule
the ........ enhances a bacterias virulence
capsule
the ........ functions as a protective shield
capsule
cytoplasm is rich in
carbohydrates enzymes lipids
........ lies inside the cell wall of many bacteria
cell membrane
the shape of a bacterial(prokaryotic) cell is maintained by a rigid ......
cell wall
what takes place within the mesosome
cellular respiration
bacilli that divide into pairs are called:
diplobacilli
cocci that divide and form into pairs are called:
diplococci
a (an)........... is a thick wall produced by bacteria to enable survival in unfavorable conditions
endospore
what factors determine the name of a particular type of flagella
location and number of filaments
a tuft of flagella at one or both ends of a bacterium
lophotrichous
one flagella at one end of a bacterium is called
monotrichous
an endospore will form to enable a bacterium to survive in unfavorable conditions such as : 1. 2. 3. 4.
no oxygen too much oxygen temperature changes antobiotics
flagella present at multiple sites around the bacterium
peritrichous
what are cell membranes mainly composed of:
phospholipids and fat
bacteria have short fine hair-like appendages that surround the cell called
pili or fimbriae
cell membrane is also known as :
plasma membrane
which type of bacteria produce endospores
rod shaped
cocci that cling in cubical packs of eight are called:
sarcinae
name the three shapes of bacteria
spherical Rod shaped spiral shaped
........ shaped bacteria come in three forms
spiral
this bacteria shape has a ridged axis when in motion
spirillum/ spirilla (p)
this bacteria shape has a flexible axis when in motion
spirochete/spirochetes (p)
irregular, grape-like clusters of cocci are called:
staphylococci
what is the only was to destroy spores
sterilization
bacilli that form into chains are called:
streptococci
cocci that cling in an end to end chain are called:
streptococci
cocci that cling in groups of four are called:
tetracocci/tetrads
define conjucation
the passing of hereditary material from one cell to another
germinating
the process of a spore forming back into the form of actively multiplying bacteria
morphology
the study of shapes
what is the function(s) of pili/fimbriae
to permit bacteria to adhere to solid surfaces or undergo conjucation
what is the purpose of a capsule
to protect against phagocytosis
true or false : mycoplasmas have no cell wall
true
true or false: if a bacteria has a flagella it will not have a capsule
true
true or false: most Eukarotic cells do not contain a cell wall
true
true or false: some eukarotic cells in plants algae and fungi have cell walls that are less complex and less rigid than those of prokaryotes
true
what are the three shapes of spherical bacteria
vibrio spirillum spirochete
this bacteria is shaped like a comma
vibrio / vibrios (p)
what is cytoplasm mainly composed of
water (80%)
define phagocytosis
when immune cells engulf pathogens
bacteria occur in ... well known shapes
3
