intro to socy - chapter 10

__________ is the central means by which modern society transmits knowledge, values, and expectations to its members.

Education

Religion fulfills what role in society from a structural functionalist perspective?

It provides its supporters with a set of values, norms, and rules by which to live.

To reform and improve the American educational system, what does the sociologist Randall Collins recommend?

It should be illegal for employers to ask about educational credentials.

ohn F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon debated during the 1960 presidential campaign. Voters who watched the debate on television were more likely to see Kennedy as the winner than those who listened to it on radio. Why?

Nixon refused to take advice on hair, makeup, and clothing that would have made him look better on camera.

An example of extrinsic religiosity would be

a person attending religious services.

Which large-scale social change has made celebrity politicians more popular?

the increasing importance of television and other visual media platforms

Religious fundamentalism is characterized by

the literal interpretation of sacred texts

Political action committees are much more important to political campaigns now than they were in the past because

unlike giving to candidates or political parties, there are no limits on how much money an individual can give political action committees.

The former Supreme Court justice Sandra Day O'Connor voted to allow a Christmas display on public property that included a nativity scene, but she voted to prohibit city governments from having displays that had only a nativity scene. This indicates that

America is both a secular and religious society at the same time.

The sixteenth- and seventeenth-century curriculums at schools like England's Trinity College at Cambridge (The College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity) leaned heavily on theology. Today, the vast majority of university students will never take any theology classes. Why did this change?

The knowledge, values, and expectations required to succeed in contemporary society are different from those required then.

What was Jonathan Kozol's impression of the poorly funded schools he visited in urban Chicago?

They were extraordinarily unhappy places.

__________ is the most extreme form of authoritarianism.

Totalitarianism

The internet and social media create filter bubbles that tend to

increase the fragmentation and segmentation of users by limiting their exposure to certain kinds of information.

Charter schools are

public schools that are run by private entities.

A common objection to __________ is that they will drain funds from vulnerable public schools and cause them to deteriorate further.

school vouchers

Jacobson and Rosenthal's Pygmalion in the Classroom showed that

students whom teachers expect to do well tend to fare better in the classroom.

What variable would account for the dramatic jump in test scores evidenced by the students in Rosenthal and Jacobson's Pygmalion in the Classroom?

teacher attitudes

According to Mark Juergensmeyer's book Terror in the Mind of God, what accounts for the rise in religious violence across the world?

the rise of extremist religious beliefs that can grant a sense of control to people who feel powerless

Kim Jong Un, the current leader of North Korea, and his father Kim Jong Il, North Korea's former leader, have both restricted the basic human rights of their citizens. What type of government does North Korea have?

totalitarian

What is the process called in which students are tested and the results are used to place them in a certain category of classes (remedial, advanced, college prep, etc.)?

tracking