Introduction to Sociology
19. Which of the following is NOT an example of organic solidarity? A Ford Motors employee assembling taillights on an assembly line A freelance artist creating a sculpture of Barack Obama A fast-food employee putting burgers into their buns A toll-booth employee collecting toll change
A freelance artist creating a sculpture of Barack Obama
7. A cultural universal is: An object or a belonging of a group A pattern or trait common to all societies The ideas, attitudes and beliefs of a particular society A written document outlining appropriate behavior
A pattern or trait common to all societies
8. The concept anomie can be defined as: A situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness. How strongly a person is connected to his or her social group. A person's beliefs and ideology are in conflict with her best interests. When one or more of an individual's roles clash.
A situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness.
12. The term interpretive framework can be defined as: A sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing An established scholarly research method that involves asking a question, researching existing sources, forming a hypothesis, designing and conducting a study, and drawing conclusions. Specific explanations of abstract concepts that a researcher plans to study A basis for which sociologists determine whether their independent and dependent variables reflect the results.
A sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing
4. A hypothesis can be defined as : A way to explain different aspects of social interactions A testable proposition An attempt to explain large-scale relationships Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them
A testable proposition
14. ____ societies relied on permanent tools for survival, and expanded due to innovations such as crop rotation and fertilizer. Industrial Feudal Agricultural Hunter-gatherer
Agricultural
13. According to Durkheim, which of the following is NOT a social fact? A religious belief A law A custom All of the above are social facts
All of the above are social facts
11. In 1999, Sean Fanning, John Fanning, and Sean Parker invented Napster, a global, free-of-charge, peer-to-peer music sharing program. Prior to Napster, no such program existed. The three men created _____. An innovation A discovery A culture lag A cultural universal
An innovation
13. Functionalist Émile Durkheim viewed society as: An even playing field composed of the educated and uneducated Split between two classes categorized by education, kinship, and religion The product of class struggle, requiring social revolutions to correct rampant class inequality An organism in which each portion plays a vital role in keeping the organism stable and healthy
An organism in which each portion plays a vital role in keeping the organism stable and healthy
5. Which of the following men coined the term positivism, and is widely considered the father of sociology? Auguste Comte Karl Marx Max Weber Émile Durkheim
Auguste Comte
6. Which of the following is an example of role strain? Derek attends law school and becomes a lawyer, though he dreams of one day becoming the next John Grisham. Becca returns to work after giving birth to her daughter, finding it difficult to act as mother, wife, and executive. Alex takes a sabbatical from his job as a professor of Molecular Biology to raise his two young children. Krista lands a role on Days of Our Lives and begins receiving fan mail from fans across the country.
Becca returns to work after giving birth to her daughter, finding it difficult to act as mother, wife, and executive.
20. Durkheim defined ______ as the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society. The iron cage Collective conscience Bourgeoisie Anomie
Collective conscience
14. Society and culture _____. Could not exist without each other Are unrelated Are the same thing Could not exist together
Could not exist without each other
5. Kurt and Mitch visit an Amish village on a class trip. "Let's see if we can round up some old radios and appliances and drop them off for them later this week. I think they'll appreciate it. They just don't understand what they're missing." Mitch rolls his eyes. Kurt's perspective is an example of _______. Behavioral normativity Cultural imperialism Material culture Ideal culture
Cultural imperialism
16. Angelica visits Thailand with her family. When she wears short-shorts and tank tops while visiting a series of temples during her first week, she is met with hostility from the locals. She feels she no longer knows how to behave or interact with those outside her family. Angelica is experiencing _____. Cultural imperialism Culture shock Material culture Xenocentricism
Culture shock
19. Elise travels across Thailand with her friends and, to her surprise, finds the country quite unlike the United States. "I hate the food," she tells her family at home. "I hate the language, I hate the weird customs and awful music. America is clearly the best place to be." This is an example of _______ Paradigms Xenocentrism Moral relativism Ethnocentrism
Ethnocentrism
15. What group defines themselves through a rejection of the mainstream: Beatniks Hepcats Hipsters Hippies
Hipsters
12. Please place the following societies in chronological order: Pastoral; Hunter-gatherer; Horticultural; Agricultural Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Agricultural; Horticultural Pastoral; Agricultural, Hunter-gatherer; Horticultural Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Horticultural; Agricultural
Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Horticultural; Agricultural
20. Qualitative sociology can be defined as: In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data Virtual interactivity, online polls, and online gaming Door to door sales pitches, cold calls, and press conferences Statistical methods such as surveys with large numbers of participants
In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data
1. Which of the following is an example of a cultural universal? Putting your cell phone on silent during a Broadway production Holding hands with your best friend Incest taboos Marrying the partner whom your parents have chosen for you
Incest taboos
4. John wants to study whether a larger number of laptops available to students at his school lead to higher grades. Choose the independent and dependent variable. Independent variable: John; Dependent variable: Grades Independent variable: Grades; Dependent variable: John Independent variable: Number of laptops; Dependent variable: Grades Independent variable: Grades; Dependent variable: Number of laptops
Independent variable: Number of laptops; Dependent variable: Grades
1. ___ believed that societies grew and changed as a result of the struggles of different social classes over the means of production and greatly favored ____. Durkheim; Communism Max Weber; Positivism Karl Marx; Communism Comte; Antipositivism
Karl Marx; Communism
12. What is one difference between a more and a folkway? Mores encourage social rebellion; folkways do not Mores are legally acceptable to violate; folkways are not Mores are constructed based on norms; folkways are not. Mores may carry serious consequences if violated; folkways do not.
Mores may carry serious consequences if violated; folkways do not.
3. Many Americans pay for haircuts, trips to the dentist, or transportation on the metro and bus systems. These actions support the notion of capitalism, an example of _____. Non-material culture Material culture A cultural universal The counterculture
Non-material culture
7. Charles Cooley's concept of the looking-glass self hypothesizes that: Self-esteem is directly correlated with body image. The media encourages society to base their appearances on visible public figures. People base their images on how they think other people see them. Personal identity isn't influenced by outside social forces.
People base their images on how they think other people see them.
16. Which of the following is not a step in the scientific method? Formulate a hypothesis Receive corroboration from the field Research existing sources Report results
Receive corroboration from the field
10. Kyle is collecting newspaper clippings from his grandfather about the American public's perception of World War II. This is an example of _____. Interactive data Tertiary data Primary data Secondary data
Secondary data
13. Thomas wants to better understand the trends in literacy rates in Baltimore city over the past 50 years using Baltimore city data. What type of research should Thomas conduct? A survey Field research An experiment Secondary data analysis
Secondary data analysis
9. A class of third graders is told that the assistant principal will be visiting their class to confirm their teacher's reports of bad behavior. When the principal visits, the students behave perfectly. This is an example of ________. The Regressive Effect The Hawthorne Effect The Cognizant Effect The Authority Effect
The Hawthorne Effect
10. The term institutionalization can be defined as: The idea that society is constructed by us and those before us, and it is followed like a habit. The act of implanting a convention or norm into society. A status a person chooses, such as a level of education or income. Responsibilities and benefits that a person experiences according to their rank and role in society.
The act of implanting a convention or norm into society.
9. Which of the following is an example of an informal sanction? The football team throwing a slushy in Finn's face because he tried to join the Glee club Lilly being sent to prison because she failed to pay her taxes Brett illegally downloading the new Black Keys album because he couldn't afford to buy it. Sarah buying Lady Gaga tickets from a scalper because the show sold out
The football team throwing a slushy in Finn's face because he tried to join the Glee club
20. Xenocentrism is: The opposite of cultural relativism The opposite of cultural universalism The same as cultural imperitivism The opposite of ethnocentrism
The opposite of ethnocentrism
5. Which of the following is not a purpose of the American Sociological Association's code of ethics? To maintain value neutrality To guarantee the safety of their participants To foster professionally responsible scholarship in sociology To ensure the financial gain of the researchers
To ensure the financial gain of the researchers
15. Verstehen is defined by the text as To maintain a moral conscience To compare and contrast social facts To understand in a deep way To require proof of interpretation
To understand in a deep way
4. The term values can be defined as: The tenets or convictions that people hold to be true A culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society Scripture found within the Bible Federal laws and regulations.
A culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society
20. Reliability is defined by the text as: How long a study is expected to remain relevant and influential A measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced. How well the study measures what it was designed to measure How close the study's results come to the experimenter's hypothesis
A measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced.
1. The term value neutrality is defined by the text as: Durkheim; Communism Max Weber; Positivism Karl Marx; Communism Comte; Antipositivism
A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results.
17. The term language can be defined as: Gestures, signs, objects, signals, and words that help people understand the world. A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted The exchange of gestures and signals for the purpose of reaching a consensus Communication grounded in ideals, norms, and values
A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted
2. Which of the following is NOT one of Marx's four types of alienation? Alienation from the product of one's labor Alienation from one's self Alienation from others Alienation from one's religion
Alienation from one's religion
1. As industrialization began to boom, Durkheim believed people were more susceptible to anomie because: Collective norms are weakened. Society no longer has the support of the collective consciousness. Specialization of labor lead to alienation. All of the above
All of the above
17. Ivanka Trump is the daughter of business mogul Donald Trump. Her role as heiress to the Trump fortune is an example of ______. Achieved status The Thomas Theorem Ascribed status The looking-glass self
Ascribed status
7. Miguel is doing a research paper on New York City's Stone Wall riots of 1969. He visits the scene of the riots, interviews people who were there, reads the police reports of the event, and watches video footage. Miguel is conducting a(n) ______. Experiment Overview Data analysis Case study
Case study
8. Quincia is studying how of the lack of comprehensive sex education is affecting a small, rural town in North Dakota. She spends two months in the town, observing and interviewing the townspeople. Quincia is conducting a(n) _____. Case study Ethnography Experiment Secondary data analysis
Case study
15. The Agricultural Revolution is often referred to as "dawn of civilization" because: Cities and towns were established, and humans had more time for leisure activities. Societies began to form where rainfall was plentiful; groups were able to cultivate plants instead of living nomadic lifestyles. Tribes became nomadic, traveling to various locations in search of sustenance. Animals were first domesticated as a resource for survival.
Cities and towns were established, and humans had more time for leisure activities.
3. Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto is based on the ____ perspective. Answers: Functionalism Symbolic Interactionism Institutionalism Conflict Theory
Conflict Theory
8. Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that heavy competition and limited educational resources make admission difficult for the average student. Which perspective would Jeremy's argument fall under? Structural Functionalism Conflict Theory Symbolic Interactionism Behaviorism
Conflict Theory
18. Max Weber, Georg Simmel, and Karl Marx were all advocates of: Conflict theory Structural functionalism Capitalism Symbolic interactionism
Conflict theory
10. What approach is often used to understand what's defined as deviant in society? Criticism Symbolic Interactionism Constructivism Antipositivism
Constructivism
17. Tyson is researching whether actors on prime-time television and hit movies negatively impact teenagers' body images. He is going undercover at a local high school to observe and participate with the students to better understand the world they live in. Tyson is conducting which research method? Field research Experiments Secondary data analysis Surveys
Field research
9. The process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of individuals and the society that shapes that behavior (or, the concept that the individual and society are inseparable) is referred to as: Dynamic equilibrium Latent functions Dramaturgical analysis Figuration
Figuration
3. Weber's proposal of antipositivism influenced sociological researchers to ______ while examining different social worlds.: Reject antiquated notions of privacy and consent Methodically predict situational outcomes Manipulate test subjects into answering difficult questions Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms
Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms
15. Which of the following is an example of nonreactive research? Gathering data from government studies Educating classrooms on the necessities of safe sex Interviewing heroin addicts and providing them with clean needles Volunteering at a local food bank and interacting with homeless persons
Gathering data from government studies
18. _____ describes how any action that is repeated frequently becomes cast into a pattern. Institutionalization Habitualization Industrialization Rationalization
Habitualization
6. Which of the following is an example of cultural relativism? Ingrid becoming upset over the course language used in the Australian Outback Andy marrying a woman who does not practice his religion, though his parents disprove Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying Joseph protesting the Running of the Bulls while visiting Pamplona
Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying
19. Please define C. Wright Mill's sociological imagination The theory that man evolved slowly over time The process of analyzing human behavior based solely on statistics A series of interviews asking subjects about their sleep habits and dreams How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure.
How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure.
11. Kendra is researching the effects of vitamin C on test-taking ability. Before the exam, Kendra gives group A orange juice, and group B water. Vitamin C is the ______. Dependent variable Independent variable Experimental group Control group
Independent variable
2. What is the importance of interpretive framework? Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them. The social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location, and religion The consequences of a social process that are sought or anticipated Social patterns that have undesirable consequences for the operation of society
It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant's social world
9. Which of the following is NOT an example of self-fulfilling prophecy? Answers: Charlotte is an intelligent teenager, but told by her step-sisters and cousins that she's destined to a life of poverty and failure. Charlotte begins to do poorly in school, and eventually drops out. Though encouraged by his parents to audition for Julliard, Jose believes he isn't good enough to attend. After his audition, he expresses this reluctance to the admissions committee. They don't admit him due to his lack of certainty. Morgan overhears a professor predicting the economic recession will prevent entry-level graduates from finding gainful employment. Morgan goes on interviews but doesn't bother preparing, convinced it's a waste of time. Morgan appears unprofessional and is not hired. Kevin sprained his ankle a month before a marathon. Though his trainer advises him not to participate, Kevin runs the marathon and places third.
Kevin sprained his ankle a month before a marathon. Though his trainer advises him not to participate, Kevin runs the marathon and places third.
16. Eleanor is researching the effect social media has on worldwide political awareness and revolution. Felix is examining the effect World of Warcraft has on the romantic relationships of middle-aged men in his metro area. Eleanor's analysis is _____, while Felix's analysis is _____. Micro-level; macro-level Macro-level; micro-level They are both macro-level They are both micro-level
Macro-level; micro-level
8. Which of the following is NOT an example of a formal norm within the United States? An object or a belonging of a group A pattern or trait common to all societies The ideas, attitudes and beliefs of a particular society A written document outlining appropriate behavior
Making eye contact while speaking
3. Which of the following is an example of an unethical sociological research practice? Reject antiquated notions of privacy and consent Methodically predict situational outcomes Manipulate test subjects into answering difficult questions Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms
Observing study participants without their consent
6. In order to better understand the sorority pledging process at her university for her sociology thesis, Carmen pledges with a popular sorority. This is an example of _____ Literature review Dependent variables Participant observation Secondary data analysis
Participant observation
2. A paradigm can be defined as: A.Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them. B.The social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location, and religion C.The consequences of a social process that are sought or anticipated D.Social patterns that have undesirable consequences for the operation of society
Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them.
10. MTV's widely-watched TV series The Jersey Shore is an example of _____, while the obscure works of playwright Sam Shepard are an example of ______. High culture; popular culture Popular culture; high culture High culture; low culture Jersey culture; low culture
Popular culture; high culture
11. Alona is examining the impact of the 2011 Penn State scandal on student morale and school spirit by distributing number-scaled surveys in her Introduction to Sociology class. Alona is employing a _____ research method. Qualitative Pathos Logos Quantitative
Quantitative
14. Kevin conducted a study on whether the length of the line at a local Starbucks affected how well the customers enjoyed their coffee after receiving it. Malcolm conducted the study at his local Starbucks, and found the same results. Kevin's study had a high level of _____. Validity Literacy Reliability Interpretation
Reliability
4. On the first day of high school, Kaitlin overhears a group of girls calling her "goth" and "emo." She soon begins to don more black clothing, dark makeup, and seek out friends who dress the same. This is an example of ______ Institutionalization Role performance Role strain Ascribed status
Role performance
18. Alexis wants to research the 1960's feminist movement. She reads articles from the time period, watches documentaries, reads scholarly journals on the topic, and interviews influential women from the movement. What kind of research method is Alexis using? Secondary data analysis Ethnography Experiments Surveys
Secondary data analysis
2. Janet is visiting her childhood friend in the Hamptons. Janet wears ripped jeans and Chuck Taylors to an infamous "White" party. The majority of party-goers refuse to socialize with her. Janet is experiencing a form of ____. Formal sanction Xenocentricism Social control Ethnocentricity
Social control
17. _____ view society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals who make up that society. Symbolic Interactionists Conflict Theorists Structural Functionalists Social Individualist
Structural Functionalists
13. In the early 2000's, The L Word and Queer as Folk debuted on Showtime. Both shows depicted the lives of members of the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) community, thus giving viewers a glimpse into a ______. More Formal sanction Subculture Social relativism
Subculture
12. After weeks of protest in Zuccotti Park, NYC's "Occupy Wall Street" divided into two camps: one composed of higher income protestors, and one composed of lower-income protesters. A ______ would be most interested in the relationship and nature of day-to- day exchanges between the two groups. Conflict theorist Structural functionalist Symbolic interactionist Feminist conflict theorist
Symbolic interactionist
5. A judge and her gavel. A cop and his gun. A lawyer and her power suit. A ____ would be most concerned with the parts these objects play in impression management. Functionalist Symbolic interactionist Feminist Conflict theorist
Symbolic interactionist
7. Sociology can be defined as: Qualitative analysis of human phenomenon Systematic study of society and social interaction Quantitative analysis of social transgressions. Theoretical examination of life's origins.
Systematic study of society and social interaction
11. Alienation is defined by the text as: The condition in which the individual is isolated and divorced from his or her society, work, or sense of self. Social forces considered real which exist outside the individual. The act of defying social norms in favor of group unity The strength of ties that people have to their social groups, was a key factor in social life.
The condition in which the individual is isolated and divorced from his or her society, work, or sense of self.
18.Which of the following is an example of a counterculture? The yuppie craze of the 1980's The Kardashian obsession of the 2010's The hippie movement of the 1960's The disco invasion of the 1970's
The hippie movement of the 1960's
19. Which of the following is NOT an example of a sociological hypothesis? The more study halls students are given during the school day, the worse they perform on their tests. The more positive reinforcement a parent gives a child, the better they do in school. The more CDs Jamilla buys, the less money she has in her bank account The longer an inmate spends in prison, the more difficult it is for him to adapt to the outside world.
The more CDs Jamilla buys, the less money she has in her bank account
16. Karl Marx asserted that the means of societal change existed in the tension between: The enslaved bourgeois reclaiming power from the controlling proletariat. The bourgeois struggling for the allocation of resources amongst themselves. The working class proletariat taking the means of production from the wealthy bourgeois. The proletariat fighting each other for a position within the bourgeois.
The working class proletariat taking the means of production from the wealthy bourgeois.
14. Political science teacher Mr. Jones asks his students to study how social media can influence public opinion by "following" famous activists, academics, and politicians on Twitter. While reading and exchanging each other's Tweets, some classmates became close friends. The first is an example of the project's ____ function, the second is an example of the project's _____ function. latent; manifest manifest; manifest manifest; latent latent; latent
manifest; latent
6. Which theorist claimed that people rise to their proper level in society based solely on their belief in a meritocracy? Karl Marx Max Weber Herbert Spencer Émile Durkheim
Émile Durkheim
