Isolation Precautions

Sequence for removing PPE

1. gown and gloves 2. face shield or goggles 3. mask or respirator 4. wash hands after removing PPE

Anyone entering a room with droplet precautions should wear:

A surgical mask (not N95 mask) before entering room and remove before leaving, dispose in regular trash, linen standard precautions . Patient is placed in a private room, negative airflow not required, maintain 3 feet spatial distance, door does not need to be closed

Negative Airflow

Airflow that prevents contaminated air from escaping a room

standard precautions apply to

BLOOD ALL BODY FLUIDS, SECRETIONS AND EXCRETIONS NON-INTACT SKIN MUCOUS MEMBRANES USED LINEN

Leukemia

Cancer of the blood cells

illnesses that require droplet precautions

DIPHTHERIA PERTUSSIS MENINGITIS STREPTOCOCCAL MENINGITIS INFLUENZA RUBELLA MUMPS ADENOVIRUS (ALSO REQUIRES CONTACT)

Highly Contagious Diseases

Diseases easily spread from person to person

Anyone entering a room with contact precautions should wear:

Gloves, gown including contact with the patient or not, and contact with the environment the patient occupies. Remove gown and gloves before leaving room .Visitors don't need gloves or gowns but must wash their hands. PLACE PATIENT IN PRIVATE ROOM, OR IF NOT AVAILABLE PT MAY BE PLACED IN SAME ROOM AS OTHER PATENT WITH SAME MICROORGANISM PTS MAY AMBULATE OUTSIDE ROOM WITH SUPERVISION- PT MUST WASH HANDS BEFORE AND DON CLEAN ISOLATION GOWN. ALL SURFACE TOUCHED BY PATIENT MUST BE DISINFECTED IMMEDIATELY- TAKE DISINFECTANT WIPES TO CLEAN. DISPOSABLE ITEMS DISCARDED IN REGULAR TRASH UNLESS MEDICAL WASTE DEDICATED PATIENT EQUIPMENT WHERE POSSIBLE LINEN IS HANDLED USING STANDARD PRECAUTIONS

Virulent Infections

Infections with a high severity and rapid progression

Dermatitis

Inflammation of the skin

What are some examples of patients with neutropenic precautions?

Leukemia, chemotherapy, or tother st that depress resistance to infection; severe dermatitis, major burns

Used Linen

Linens that have been used and require proper handling

illnesses that require contact precautions

METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA) VANCOMYCIN RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUI (VRE) CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE RESPIRATORY SYNCTIAL VIRUS (RSV) SCABIES LICE SHINGLES CONJUNCTIVITIS HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS

Procedure Mask

Mask worn during medical procedures to protect against droplets

Isolation Precautions

Measures to prevent transmission of infectious diseases

Epidemiological Important Microorganisms

Microorganisms of significant public health concern

anyone entering the room with airborne precautions must wear

N95 mask, also ensures the door to the room is closed. Visitors should wear a surgical maskPT MUST BE PLACED IN A PRIVATE ROOM WITH NEGATIVE AIRFLOW DOOR MUST BE KEPT CLOSED PLACE AIRBORNE PRECAUTION SIGN OUTSIDE PATIENT'S ROOM IF TRANSPORT OUTSIDE ROOM IS NECESSARY, PLACE A REGULAR MASK ON PATIENT WEAR THE APPROPRIATE N-95 RESPIRATOR MASK. A RESPIRATOR IS DONNED BEFORE ENTERING THE ROOM AND REMOVED AFTER LEAVING THE ROOM N-95 MASKS MAY BE REUSED BY THE SAME PERSON UNTIL THE END OF THE SHIFT. MASKS AND DISPOSABLE ITEMS MAY BE DISCARDED IN REGULAR TRASH UNLESS CLASSIFIED AS MEDICAL WASTE. WHEN PATIENT IS DISCHARGED, ROOM IS LEFT VACANT FOR 35 MINUTES, THEN CLEANED.

Blood Borne Pathogens

Pathogens transmitted through blood

PPE

Personal Protective Equipment (e.g. gloves, gowns, masks)

Hygiene

Practices to maintain cleanliness and prevent disease

Respiratory Hygiene

Practices to prevent the spread of respiratory infections

Contact Precautions

Precautions for infections spread through direct or indirect contact

Droplet Precautions

Precautions for infections spread through respiratory droplets that CAN BE GENERATED BY COUGHING, SNEEZING OR PERFORMING PROCEDURES LIKELY TO GENERATE SPRAYS OR AEROSOLIZATION.

Airborne Precautions

Precautions for infections spread through the air

Neutropenic Precautions

Precautions for patients with low white blood cell count

Transmission Based Precautions

Precautions used in addition to standard precautions for specific infections

Standard Precautions

Precautions used in the care of all hospitalized people

Safe Injection Practices

Procedures to prevent infection during injections

Safe Handling of Contaminated Equipment

Proper procedures for handling potentially contaminated equipment

Cough Etiquette

Proper way to cover coughs to prevent the spread of infection

Major Burns

Severe burns that affect a large area of the body

purpose of isolation precautions

TO PREVENT AND REDUCE THE RISK OF STAFF, VISITORS AND PATIENTS ACQUIRING AND/OR TRANSMITTING BLOOD BORNE PATHOGENS, HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS OR VIRULENT DISEASES/INFECTIONS AND OTHER EPIDEMIOLOGICAL IMPORTANT MICROORGANISMS

Chemotherapy

Treatment of cancer with drugs

When are transmission-based precautions used?

are used in addition to standard precautions for patients with known or suspected infections that are spread by either airborne or droplet transmission or by contact. The three types may be used alone or in combination, but always in addition to standard precautions.

Sequence for putting on PPE

gown, mask/respirator, goggles/face shield, gloves extend to cover wrist of gown keep hands away from face, limit surfaces touched change gloves when torn or heavily contaminated, perform hand hygiene

illnesses that require airborne precautions

measles varicella (chicken pox) TB small pox shingles SARS

Neutropenic precautions procedure

private room with a closed door, handwashing is required upon entering the room, no gowns or gloves are required, no fresh fruits, vegetables, or flowers in the room, visitors report to nurses station before entering the room, no visitors or staff with infectious illnesses in the room, no special precautions must be taken with articles leaving the room