ISS 210 VDK #3

Capitalocene (Week 12)

- age of capitalism focuses on the impact of capitalism requires endless harvesting of natural resources to produce consumable goods -continuous production of waste, pollution, and other negative externalities

Chthulucene (Week 12)

- where refugees from environmental disaster (human and non human) will come together

The Sixth Great Extinction - Impacts (Week 12)

-10,000 years ago - 1% humans , 99% animals -Now - 32% humans, 1% animals, 67% livestock

Cultural Imperialism (Week 12)

-Hurn -slides def: occurs when one community impasses or exports various aspects of its own way of life onto another community -ch. 13: animals rights turned into practice easily turn into this -root cause of current global environmental crisis -whale watching = forms of symbolic consumption

Anthropocene (Week 12)

-age of humans - broad focus on the impact of humans -since industrial revolution -species are going extinct 100 times the rate as the would without modern human impacts -human pop. = doubled, wild animals pop. = halved since 1970

are all whale species endangered? (week 15)

-anti-whaling activists successfully promoted two overlapping INACCURATE arguments *whales are an endangered species and need protection *whales are intelligent, friendly, and the largest mammals on earth, thereby deserving special protection

Bloodsports-bullfighting (week 14)

-are entertainment based and ends in the harm and/or death of animals (ex. baiting, goose pulling, fox tossing) -tells us a lot about continuously changing relationships with and perceptions of nonhuman others -bullfighting=symbolic=metaphor for mans dominance over nature *matador (urban, male)represents civilization and culture *wild bill (rural, female)represents the realm of nature -a battle of mans subjugation over nature: restoring the balance between human and animal, man and woman, nature and culture, rural and urban -winning the fight against the bull is an expression of what it means to be human: reiterating human-animal binary and the dominance of man over animal

dogfighting and masculinity (week 14)

-contemporary bloodsport, illegal in the US but rampant -said to be representative and metaphorical with associations with masculinity, status, and power -it allows men to pursue an enculturated masculine ideal that they may not have traditional avenues foe achieving, due to socioeconomic issues in their region

who are the international whaling commission and why did they ban whaling? (week 15)

-created in 1948, Japan became member inn 1951 -original conception was for promotion of sustainable whaling, shifted into fighting for whales rights and global "save the whale" campaign became new agenda -focused on the whales welfare -implemented in 1948- moratorium

the sixth great extinction (week 12)

-currently in. Humans are causing extinction. Habitat destruction (cutting down forests), killing things moving things around the world, climate change, consuming a lot of resources -rising pop. requires more and more resources which are limited. -razing ecosystems to create housing, farm land, and grazing fields for live stock. increase in industrial sites and the pollution that follows. global shipping has spread disease and invasive species. overfishing, use of pesticides. climate change.

Martha, the Carrier Pigeon (Week 12) -What could have prevented the extinction of the carrier pigeon?

-female passed away first -people stopped killing it, congress could have put protection on them

ethnoprimetology (week 13)

-focus on the issues that arise as a result of human-primate contact *human consumption of primates (e.g. the bushmeat trade) *primates as pets *zoonotic disease transmission *human-primate conflict due to habitat loss -folk knowledge about primates *primates in human culture (e.g. myths, religion, symbols)

indigenous knowledges (week 13)

-from primate behavior to ecological conservation- is key to efforts to preserve biodiversity -longterm place-base knowledge that far predate western and eastern scientific knowledge by thousands of years -documenting and valuing this data is significant

indigenous primatology (week 13)

-humans and primates have co-existed for centuries, learning from each other, interacting, and incorporating each other in culture -indigenous people who exist near these species were well-acquainted with cultural practices by primates, long before outsider primatologists- western primatologists continue to learn from them

How did this impact ecological memory for the Maasai? (week 12)

-humans are bonded with aspects of their environment -removing them threatens the narratives, traditions, memories, and associations with the landscape -when they lost access to their land, they lost access to the memories imprinted on the landscape -also a loss of their culture, history, and identity

cute culture (kawaii culture) (week 14)

-means childlike, it celebrates sweet, adorable, innocent, pure, simple, genuine, gentle, vulnerable, weak, and inexperienced social behavior and physical appearances -animals as companions and as entertainers are known to help humans physically and mentally from reducing heart rates to offering joy and intimacy to lonely adults -an escape from responsibility or stress in real life -reminds us of childhood-living an innocent or carefree life -animals perceived as innocent

Koko (week 13)

-nonhuman gorilla -can communicate via sign language

why is the whale a good mascot for conservation? (week 15)

-opens our hearts -mythical=intersting

nonhuman rights project (unlocking the cage) week 13

-real life example of cultural phenomena -follows a team who strive to apply current research findings on chimpanzees to alter their legal status inn New York State -documentary

cultural primatology (week 13)

-regional variation in primate behaviors -sheds light on the evolution of human culture -e.g. rain dances

Shifting Baseline Syndrom- Mooallem (week 14)

-represents the fact that each subsequent generation of scientists uses wildlife populations at the time they entered the field as the baseline

primatology (week 13)

-study of nonhuman primates- fossil and living apes, monkeys, tarsiers, lemurs, and lotuses-including behavior and social life -most closely related to us= great apes, especially chimpanzees and gorillas

Conservation and ecological memory- sergeant national park: why were the Maasai removed? Who removed them? (week 12)

-the British evicted the Maasai -British thought humans are a problem, they are overhunting but Maasai lived there for centuries and were not overhunting

what is the whale culture? (week 15)

-the shared knowledge of whaling transmitted across generations -consists of a number of dif. socio-cultural inputs: a common heritage and worldview, an understanding of ecological (including spiritual) and technological relations between human beings and whales, special distribution practices, and a food culture

John Berger- Why do we go to the zoo? Why do zoos disappoint? (week 14)

-to go meet animals, observe them, and see them -peoples gaze flickers and passes on

Gazing Back- What is this? Why is it important? Can dogs do it? Can AIBO? (week 11)

-when you look into the eyes of another subject at the same time, they look back at you -acknowledging humanity is deep -dogs can gaze back, AIBO can't

Biomass was once 99% wild animals, today it is a mere 1% of the biomass on earth. Who has taken their place?

67% are livestock and 32% are humans.

Which Great Extinction was/is caused by human activity?

6th

AIBO- Who is AIBO and what are its positive and negative qualities? (Week 11)

AIBO is sonys robotic dog. Children refused to play with the AIBO more often than with the real dog. AIBO was touched more. Means Pal in Japanese

According to Hurn Ch. 13, anthropologists often find themselves in a difficult position - playing the role of researchers/academics and ___ for the communities they work with.

Advocates/Activists

When a dog and human's oxytocin levels rise when gazing at each other, we know we are witnessing ____.

An intersubjective experience

In Hurn Ch. 4, the hunter-gatherers discussed, and the many examples presented, are fantastic examples of how more ecocentric cultures perceive non-human animals. Many of these cultures share a type of religion referred to as:

Animism

Steven Wise would agree with the following statement (this is a quote in the documentary):

Chimps should have the sort of rights a human five year old has.

As discussed in Unlocking the Cage, the following is considered a legal person in the United States legal system:

Corporations

The noble savage trope began:

During the 18th century

Removing humans from their environment threatens the narratives, traditions, memories, and associations with the landscape, as humans are tied to their land. The name for this is:

Ecological Memory

Link Between Anthropocentrism and Conservation (Week 12)

Elleen Crist Video -Jelly Fish Story -Shortages of freshwater, diminishing fossil fuels, new kinds of "oil", climate disruption, food security, and wild fish depletions

The study of primates concerned with issues that arise as a result of human contact with other primates is:

Ethnoprimatology

Regarding the video you watched on slide 11, who were sat together for the experiment?

Europeans and Refugees

Again, take a look at the Cree reindeer hunting example in Hurn Ch. 4, in which a reindeer stops and looks at the hunter - how do the 'scientists' referenced in the chapter interpret the action of the reindeer?

Evolutionary adaptation - gives the reindeer a head start as they can outrun the wolf

According to Berger, zoo animals often choose to gaze back to the human viewers - delighting all present.

False

As discussed in Hurn Ch. 11, Western scientists were the first humans to discover that chimpanzees often perform drumming and rain dances.

False

Small-Type Coastal Whaling, according to Hurn Ch. 13:

Has important cultural aspects to the local whaling communities Involves a "conservation ethic", using all parts of the whale Has economic importance to the local whaling communities All of the above

Doggo Speak shares many traits with Japan's ____.

Kawaii culture

According to Garry Marvin, bullfighting is representational of:

Man's taming of nature A reiteration of the human-animal binary An expression of what it means to be human All of the above

The following is NOT a reason dogfighting remains popular among working class men in the American South, according to Evans, Gauthier and Forsyth (Slide 21):

Political affiliations battling within the dogfighting ring

Posthumanism includes the following:

Questioning what makes us a human, as we question what makes a constructed sentient robot or a non-human animal different than us. Complicates notions of human exceptionalism, like the belief only humans have consciousness or intelligence. Raises ethical questions as we look beyond the human. All of the above.

The following is true about Koko the Gorilla:

She has a sense of humor She has self-awareness She has passed the "mirror" test All of the above

Take a look at the Cree reindeer hunting example in Hurn Ch. 4, in which a reindeer stops and looks at the hunter - how does the Cree hunter interpret this action?

The reindeer sacrificing themselves for the good of the hunter, who needs to eat

Why were Western scientists reticent to accept chimps used tools? (This is a combo of this week's Hurn chapter 11 and a throw back to Week 4!)

They blamed perceptions of tool use on mere anthropomorphism Human exceptionalism Did not value indigenous knowledge (in other words, they did not believe the accounts of peoples who lived near chimps) All of the above

Which feature is NOT true about the early farming lifestyle?

They had less children than hunter-gatherers

Steven Wise asks to use the Common Law Writ of Habeas Corpus to:

To release an chimpanzees from imprisonment

According to Hurn Ch. 11, humans and primates have co-existed for thousands of years. When we say we want to study primates in their "natural" habitat, we have to realize humans are a part of that "natural habitat."

True

According to Seven Wise's Ted Talk, the following is true about Chimpanzees: 1) they can anticipate tomorrow; 2) they are conscious; 3) they have some sort of moral capacity; 4) they have both material and social culture.

True

Prior to modern zoos, humans could pay money to observe mentally disturbed patients at places such as the Royal Bethlem hospital.

True

Ron Kagan, director of Detroit Zoo, would likely agree with the following statement:

Unless an animal can thrive in a given zoo environment, they should not be there

The super whale (week 15)

a socially constructed idea of a whale, not a real animal

posthumanism (week 11)

an area of inquiry that looks beyond the human

How does the study of robots and cyborgs relate to the study of nonhuman animals? (week 11)

building increasingly complex robotics

intersubjective experience (week 11)

existing conscious minds; shared by more than one conscious mind. It requires two subjects

According to Hurn Ch. 13, both Japanese and Australians citizens perceive whales as mammals - attributing them to a higher order of animals than mere fish.

false

An intersubjective experience can occur with just one subject, like a human and a rock.

false

As discussed in Hurn Ch. 4, in most traditional hunter-gatherer cultures, only humans are considered subjects with agency. In these cultures, animals are simply reacting to external environmental stimuli.

false

In the article regarding AIBO, children preferred spending time with AIBO much more than with the real dog - refusing to participate with Snappy, the real dog, more than with AIBO.

false

The Civilizational Flying Machine narrative in Ishmael Ch. 6 is in regard to how Leavers live.

false

The Maasai were forcibly removed from the land that is now Serengeti National Park because they, specifically, were overhunting the area.

false

Wanda and Winky are currently happily living out their lives at the Detroit Zoo.

false

large-type coastal whaling (week 15)

large whaled, large boats-modern, technological

As discussed in Ishmael Ch. 7, who does not follow the peace-keeping law?

only Takers

As discussed in the article, the name AIBO means ____ in Japanese.

pal

Many of the same ethical questions we are starting to ask about sentient robots are the same questions that we are asking about sentient non-human animals - this is all discussed in the area of inquiry known as:

posthumansim

doggo language (week 14)

represents dogs (and other animals) as innocent, pure, adoringly dumb, childish, goofy, and ultimately loving

As discussed in the Mooallem article, ____ is the term that represents the fact that each subsequent generation of scientists uses wildlife populations at the time they entered the field as the baseline,

shifting baseline syndrome

small-type coastal whaling (week 15)

small whales (and other cetaceans), small boats

As described in the Martha the Carrier Pigeon video, which lemur passed away first?

the female

A research team from Hiroshima who conducted a study into the popularity of kawaii, or cute, culture, found that viewing cute images resulted in participants performing tasks requiring focused attention more carefully.

true

As it currently stands in the United States legal system, regardless of cognitive function and ability, language capacity, self-awareness, and so on - all humans are considered persons and all non-human animals are considered things/property.

true

Children studied by Ribi, Yokoyama and Turner (2008) preferred to pet a real dog more than petting an AIBO.

true

Hunter-gatherers had significantly more leisure time than early farmers (and significantly more than most current Americans).

true

In the Civilizational Flying Machine story in Ishmael Ch. 6 - the Taker Thunderbolt is in free fall because it is not in compliance with the law that makes flight possible.

true

One of the most dehumanizing aspects of homelessness is the invisibility they feel - such as the lack of eye contact from other humans.

true

Posthumanist theory looks beyond both Cartesian Dualism and Anthropocentrism. (Hint - If you're having trouble with this one, check out the quote on slide 18!)

true

We all rely on other species to survive, to maintain balanced ecosystems.

true

According to Hurn Ch. 13, for many post-domestic societies, the act of whaling (hunting whales for consumption) is viewed as:

unnecessary and cruel

Biodiversity (week 12)

we all rely on other aspects to survive, to maintain balanced ecosystems. Without this, there is no future for humanity