Ivy Tech PSYC 101: Chapter 7 Reading

The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities developed an assessment that examines adaptive behavior in different domains. Which of the following is NOT one of those domains?

Analytical skills

Which of the following is NOT a step in problem solving?

Apply deductive and inductive reasoning.

Open-mindedness is which of the following?

Being receptive to the possibility of other ways of looking at things

_____ area of the brain is involved in speech production, and _____ area of the brain is involved in language comprehension.

Broca's Wernicke's

_____ of the brain is involved in speech production, and _____ of the brain is involved in language comprehension.

Broca's area; Wernicke's area

_____ refers to the way in which information is processed and manipulated in thinking, remembering, and knowing.

Cognition

Unlike convergent thinking, divergent thinking typically involves which of the following?

Creativity

_____ is the ability to generate unique ideas and novel solutions.

Creativity

_____ thinking involves thinking reflectively and productively and being able to evaluate evidence or claims.

Critical

One type of __________ test would contain no verbal questions.

Culture-fair

What type of test purposefully uses only questions that are familiar to people from all socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds or uses no verbal questions at all?

Culture-fair test

Which of the following are steps in problem solving? (Select all that apply.)

Develop good problem-solving strategies. Rethink and redefine problems over time. Find and frame problems. Evaluate solutions.

_____ thinking involves creativity and the production of many solutions to the same problem, whereas _____ thinking produces the single best solution to a problem.

Divergent convergent

_____ is a learning disability characterized by difficulty with learning to read fluently and with accurate comprehension, despite normal intelligence.

Dyslexia

Research suggests that we can improve our reasoning ability by which of the following?

Engaging in cognitive challenges

Which of the following is NOT a part of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (the WAIS)?

English grammar

Which of the following of Gardner's multiple intelligences would be most evident in a philosopher?

Existentialist

_____ intelligence reflects the ability to grapple with such questions as the meaning of life and death.

Existentialist

True or false:Children cannot distinguish the phonology of their native language until they are roughly 1 year old.

False

True or false: We can increase our reasoning ability by continuing to give ourselves cognitive challenges.

True

By 18 to 24 months of age, children are generally capable of which of the following?

Uttering two-word phrases

Thinking may involve which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Visual images Data in any sensory modality

What is intellectual disability?

a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life

Unlike algorithms, heuristics _____.

do not guarantee a solution

Reasoning from the specific to the general or from the bottom up is known as _____.

inductive reasoning

Many people think of _____ in terms of reasoning and thinking skills, but a broader definition is that it is an all-purpose ability to do well on cognitive tasks, to solve problems, and to learn from experience.

intelligence

Problem-solving skills and the ability to adapt to and learn from life's everyday experiences is known as _____.

intelligence

The acronym IQ stands for

intelligence quotient

We use _____, symbols, signs, or sounds arranged according to systematic rules to communicate our ideas.

language

When colors are presented to the _____ hemisphere of the brain, having names for those colors enhanced perception of and discrimination between these colors.

left

When colors are presented to the _____ of the brain, having names for the colors enhances perception of and discrimination between for those colors.

left hemisphere

What are some traits of those who are intellectually gifted? (Select all that apply.)

Higher than normal IQ Well-adjusted

After hearing someone answer a Trivial Pursuit question, you muse to yourself, "I knew the answer to that question." The tendency to report falsely, after the fact, that we can accurately predict an outcome or answer is known as which of the following?

Hindsight bias

A child is given an intelligence test. What does his score on the test correspond to?

His mental age

Some language experts propose that there is a critical period for language development, which means which of the following?

If a child doesn't get language exposure within a specific window, the child is not likely to speak normally.

_____ reasoning is reasoning from the specific to the general.

Inductive

_____ disability is a condition of limited mental ability in which the individual has a low IQ, usually below 70, has difficulty adapting to everyday life, and has an onset of these characteristics in the so-called developmental period.

Intellectual

The acronym IQ stands for which of the following?

Intelligence quotient

Which of the following are a part of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (the WAIS)? (Select all that apply.)

Jigsaw puzzle completion Working memory capacity Vocabulary

_____ is a communication system that follows rules of syntax and grammar.

Language

_____ intelligence is the ability to observe patterns in nature and understand human-made systems.

Naturalist

_____ -mindedness is being receptive to the possibility of other ways of looking at things.

Open

The criticisms of multiple intelligences include which of the following?

Philosophers disagree about the separation of intelligence.

The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities developed an assessment that examines adaptive behavior in different domains. Which of the following are the domains examined? (Select all that apply.)

Social skills Practical skills Conceptual skills

Thinking, language, memory, and reasoning are all part of _____ psychology.

cognitive

A prototype is a typical, highly representative example of a(n) _____.

concept

The tendency to focus only on information that supports your opinion is called the _____ bias.

confirmation

You ignore or forget all information that is inconsistent with your point of view. In doing so, you display _____ bias.

confirmation

Which of the following provides evidence for the idea of universals in language development?

The fact that most children in the world reach language milestones at around the same time and in the same order

What is reasoning?

The mental activity of transforming information to reach conclusions

Problem solving is which of the following?

The mental process of finding an appropriate way to attain a goal

The average 8 year old gets 30 questions right on an intelligence test, whereas the average 12 year old gets 50 questions right. What is the mental age of an 8 year old who gets 50 questions right?

12

Children are generally capable of uttering two-word phrases by _____ months of age.

18 to 24

Children around _____ of age can distinguish the speech sounds of their native language.

6 months

Which of the following are traits of intellectually gifted people? (Select all that apply.)

Academically advanced Socially well-adjusted IQ of 130 or above Superior talent in a particular area

What is the primary difference between an algorithm and a heuristic?

An algorithm guarantees a solution; a heuristic does not.

The evaluation of multiple intelligences is composed of which of the following components? (Select all that apply.)

Research does not exist to support multiple intelligences. Proponents have taken the concept of specific intelligence too far.

Kate is in a foreign country where she speaks very little of the language. She fell and hurt her ankle but can't read any of the posted signs. She walks up to a person and politely says "Doctor?" in the local language, while pointing to her bruised and swollen ankle. Kate is making use of which of the following?

Pragmatics

May is only 2 years old and has a limited vocabulary. She is thirsty and conveys this message to her babysitter by holding up her empty cup and saying, "Want?" May is taking advantage of which of the following?

Pragmatics

___________ is the mental process of finding an appropriate way to attain a goal.

Problem solving

A researcher creates a new intelligence test. She gives the same test to a subject on three separate occasions. The subject gets the same score every time he takes it, but the researcher realizes that the test isn't measuring intelligence, it is measuring personality. What is the researcher's new test?

Reliable but not valid

Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence consists of _____.

analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence

The _____ heuristic is a prediction about the probability of an event based on the ease of imagining similar events.

availability

Trevor was driving to work and saw another driver pulled over and receiving a ticket for speeding. Trevor drove carefully the rest of the way to work, thinking that "everybody is getting ticketed today." This is an example of the heuristic.

availability

Maggie is always coming up with different ideas and unique ways to solve problems. Because of her divergent type of thinking, many people call her .

creative

Some language experts propose that there is a __________ for language development and that if a child doesn't get language exposure within this frame, the child is not likely to speak normally.

critical period

______ is thinking that involves grasping deeper meanings of ideas, questioning assumptions, and deciding, based on evidence, what to believe or do.

critical thinking

Diego has heard that everyone at a nearby high school loves to play soccer, so when Diego meets Samuel, who is a student at the high school, Diego concludes that Samuel must be a soccer fan. Diego is using _____ reasoning.

deductive

Every child that Marco has ever seen loved crayons, so when he goes to babysit a child he has never met before, he is sure to bring paper and a big box of crayons with him. Marco is using ____.

deductive reasoning

You have just received a package from home but don't have a knife handy, so you don't know how to open it. Your roommate quickly offers you her house key to use to cut open the box. You have demonstrated _____ fixedness, whereas your roommate has not.

functional

Julio needs to mark a piece of wood for cutting but cannot find a pencil or pen. He does not realize that he could mark the wood with a screwdriver. This indicates that Julio is displaying _____.

functional fixedness

Walt was worried about his performance on an exam, and after he saw that his exam earned an A, his roommate told him that he knew Walt would earn an A, even though he didn't say anything about this in the days before the test. Walt's roommate is illustrating _________, which is sometimes called the "I knew it all along" effect.

hindsight bias

On Monday when you asked your friend if you should dump the person you're dating, she said yes. Now on Wednesday, she says no. Since you asked her twice and got two different answers, in terms of validity and reliability, her advice is not .

reliable

A farmer, botanist, ecologist, or landscaper is someone who is likely to have _____ intelligence.

naturalist

All of the following are aspects of thinking, EXCEPT _____.

physically manipulating objects

_____ is a typical, highly representative example of a concept. It is often described as an "average" or an "ideal member."

prototype

The mental activity of transforming information to reach conclusions is known as _____ . This activity is involved in problem solving and decision making.

reasoning

A testing center administers tests for all students taking a specific math class. The testing center gives each student the same instructions and the same amount of time, and uses the same rubric for grading. The center is exhibiting _____ in administering the tests.

standardization

Norman is administering tests for a group of students in different classes. In each class, he gives the students the same instructions and the same amount of time, and he uses the same rubric for grading. Norman is exhibiting _____ in administering the tests.

standardization

Ian wants his sister to drive him to the movies. He is imagining various ways of achieving this. In other words, he is ______.

thinking

Cognitive psychology is the study of _____.

thought, language, memory, and reasoning

Sternberg's _____ theory of intelligence states that intelligence comes in three forms: analytical, creative, and practical.

triarchic

The fact that children all over the world reach language milestones at about the same time and in roughly the same order provides evidence for the notion of language _____ in development.

universals