Joints

Ligaments

Connective tissue that connects Bone to Bone. Limit abnormal movement.

Tendon

Connective tissue that connects Muscle to Bone

What are the six types of synovial joints?

Gliding, condyloid, saddle, hinge, ball and socket, pivot

cartilaginous joints

Joints composed of cartilage; no joint cavity. Bone-cartilage-bone. Barely move.

What are joints always a compromise between?

Mobility and stability

Articulation

The actual location where 2 bones come together

Ball and socket joints

Ball and socket joints allow for stable movement in several directions without slippage. Like a saddle joint, the ball and socket joint allows bending in several directions without slipping, creating a highly stable, strong joint. The hip joint (femur-acetabulum) is an example of a ball and socket synovial joint.

synovial joints

Between two long or short bones Bones covered win articular cartilage with a fibrous capsule between lined by synovial membrane which lubricates the joint. (Filled with synovial fluid) Defined by the type of movement

Gliding joints

Gliding joints allow for smooth movement in several directions along a plane or other smooth surface. The articulation is like two plates sliding across each other. An example would be the carpal bones of the wrist, which form a gliding synovial joint.

Hinge joints

Hinge joints, as the name implies, are hinged joints formed between two bones. A hinge joint allows for stable flexion and extension without sliding or deviation. The elbow joint between the humerus and ulna is a hinge synovial joint.

What determines range of motion?

Ligaments and muscles

What are the three major types of joints?

fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, synovial joints

fibrous joints

joints composed of fibrous tissue; no joint cavity is present. Don't move.

What is a joint?

where two or more bones meet

Condyloid joints

Similar to gliding joints, condyloid joints are somewhat different in that they have an irregular surface where the bones move past one another. This type of joint is like two bowls nested together. The radio-carpal joint of the wrist is an example of a condyloid synovial joint.

Pivot joints

A pivot joint is a joint in which rotational motion occurs without gliding movement. This type of joint allows for turning motions without sideways displacement or bending. The joint between the first and second cervical vertebrae (atlas-axis) is a pivot synovial joint and allows for most of the head's range of motion while maintaining the stability of the head on the neck.

Saddle joints

Saddle joints are characterized by two bones that fit together in a manner similar to a rider in a saddle. This sort of articulation allows bending motion in several directions without sliding. The carpal-metacarpal joint of the thumb is an example of a saddle synovial joint.