Journalism (JOUR 100) Quiz Questions Chapters 1-7

The First Amendment protects how many freedoms?

5

What percentage of his/her waking hours does the average person spend consuming mass media?

65%

Which statement best describes the difference between a reporter and a columnist?

A reporter produces straight news reports and aspires to be objective; a columnist expresses an opinion and does not try to be objective.

Which of the following are common guidelines for the use of anonymous sources in news reports at standards-based news organizations?

All of the answers are correct (Other choices: - Anonymity should be granted to sources only when they have a compelling reason to remain anonymous, such as personal safety. - Many news organizations try to avoid unnecessary use of anonymous sources by finding other sources that will provide the same information on the record. - Key C Anonymous sources must demonstrate their credibility to the journalists they're providing information to in some way.)

How free is the press in the United States?

Among the 50 freest in the world.

The most important cultural influences on music, according to your textbook, are all of the following except:

Class Mobility (Other choices: - Migration - Youth Culture - Racial Integration)

An ________ board is a group of opinion writers that meets regularly in private to discuss the news and to write pieces that represent the opinion of the news outlet as an organization or institution.

Editorial

According to the Key Takeaways in Section 3.2, paperbacks played a significant role in bringing crude, sensationalist stories to readers in a portable, inexpensive format.

False

Agenda-setting theory states that consumers use the media to satisfy specific needs or desires.

False

By 1900, advertising had become a useful but not crucial component of magazine revenue streams.

False

In 1906, Massachusetts resident Reginald Fessenden initiated the first radio transmission of the human voice and it was his efforts that developed into a useful application.

False

In general, the format of most newspapers allowed for a more in-depth discussion of a topic than is possible in the relatively constrained space available in magazines.

False

It was by the late 1950s that the popularity of radio news broadcasts had surpassed that of newspapers.

False

Media messages are limited to overt statements, and do not rely on using emotions, such as fear, love, happiness, and depression, to impact audience behavior.

False

Newspapers did not come to the American colonies until September 1960, when Benjamin Harris printed Public Occurrences.

False

Online-only magazines provide, for substantial subscription fees, news and coverage that would have previously been available only through print publications.

False

The Modern Age began during the second half of the 20th century and was marked by skepticism, self-consciousness, celebration of difference, and the reappraisal of modern conventions.

False

The Motown label was owned and started by Nat King Cole.

False

The Penny Press printed news on small, letter-sized pages and sold these for $1.

False

The Rolling Stones' genial personalities and catchy pop tunes made them an instant success in the United States, and their popularity was heightened by several appearances on The Ed Sullivan Show.

False

The expansion of radio helped fuel the growth of the U.S. economy in the 1920s and helped mitigate the economic impact of the depression of the following decade.

False

The industry's growing focus on a few best-selling authors, called blockbuster syndrome, generates profit that helps provide support and money for the vast majority of writers who don't sell millions of copies.

False

The media logic theory states that those who hold a minority opinion silence themselves to prevent social isolation, explains the role of mass media in the formation and maintenance of dominant opinions.

False

The radio variety show format featured news reporters introduced by a host.

False

With the closure of the Napster program and the crackdown on illegal downloading, illegal peer-to-peer file sharing ended almost immediately.

False

Yellow journalism is a term whereas news stories are told without the use of sensationalism.

False

Who is most credited with the invention of radio?

Guglielmo Marconi

Biography Channel and A&E both named which of these as the single most influential person of the second millennium?

Gutenberg

Why is it important to understand media literacy?

It is important because biases are present in all forms of media, it is essential for an informed society to recognize these and, in turn, make informed opinions.

What is clickbait?

Photos, outrageous claims, too-good-to-be-true contests, cute puppies, celebrity gossip--all these are wrapped up in headlines to get you to click

Media convergence is:

The process by which previously distinct technologies come to share tasks and resources.

E-books differ from their print equivalents in many significant ways except for:

There's no physical production cost, which means that e-books are generally less expensive than traditional books.

A bot (short for "robot") is an automated program (Links to an external site.) that runs over the Internet. Some bots run automatically, while others only execute commands when they receive specific input (Links to an external site.). There are many different types of bots, but some common examples include web crawlers, chat room bots, and malicious bots.

True

A major historical technological breakthrough for newspapers came when Samuel Morse invented the telegraph.

True

According to your textbook, many modern persuasive techniques stem from the use of media as a propaganda tool.

True

Advertisers can play a major role in deciding which stories are printed. Because magazines are so dependent on advertisers for their revenue, they are cautious about the content they place in their pages.

True

By 2010, Amazon, the largest online bookseller, accounted for around 15 to 20 percent of book sales in the United States.

True

By 2010, Project Gutenberg's free online library boasted more than 30,000 public domain works available for free download.

True

By the 1930s, many publishers embraced the potential of magazines to simply tell people what they want or need, thus solidifying the role of the magazine as a driver of popular culture.

True

Critics of Internet literacy describe the majority of forum and blog posts as subliterate, and argue that the Internet has replaced the printed newspapers and books that actually raised the standards of literacy.

True

Cultivation Analysis Theory suggests that heavy exposure to media causes individuals to develop an illusory perception of reality based on the most repetitive and consistent messages of a particular medium.

True

Culture generally refers to the shared values, attitudes, beliefs, and practices that characterize a social group, organization, or institution.

True

During the 1830s, publishers began taking advantage of a general decline in the cost of printing and mailing publications and started producing less-expensive magazines with a wider audience in mind. These new, cheaper magazines focused on amusement.

True

Elvis Presley helped make music written by Black individuals acceptable to mainstream White audiences.

True

Filled with pictures of models in revealing swimwear, the annual Sports Illustrated swimsuit issue was consistently the best-selling issue of the magazine each year.

True

Gatekeepers are the people who help determine which stories make it to the public, including reporters who decide what sources to use and editors who decide what gets reported on and which stories make it to the front page, or homepage.

True

Hip-Hop is a term used for urban culture that includes break dancing, graffiti art, and the musical techniques of rapping, sampling, and scratching records.

True

In 1791, the First Amendment was passed as part of the Bill of Rights.

True

In 1935, The New York Times became the first of many papers to demonstrate that the press could be "economically as well as ethically successful."

True

In contrast to the traditional media, Internet-based mass media are not limited by time or space, and they allow bloggers, critics, or aspiring stars to potentially reach millions without the backing of the traditional media industry.

True

In the 1920s and 1930s, advertising agencies began producing their own radio programs named after their products.

True

Johannes Gutenberg's printing press drastically changed the face of publishing.

True

Marshall McLuhan has become known for: "The medium is the message."

True

Mass media specifically refers to a means of communication that is designed to reach a wide audience.

True

Media literacy involves teaching that images are constructed with various aims in mind and that it falls to the individual to evaluate and interpret these media messages.

True

Observing how distinct cultures and subcultures present the same story can be indicative of those cultures' various social values.

True

On Halloween night in 1938, radio producer Orson Welles treated listeners to an original adaptation of H. G. Wells's classic science fiction novel of alien invasion War of the Worlds. Listeners who tuned in late were caught up by the realism of the adaptation and believed it to be an actual news story.

True

One way that magazines court online readers is by offering back-issue content.

True

Policies on immigration, war, and the legal system can influence artists and the type of music they create and distribute.

True

Political groups have capitalized on the magazine industry. Whether liberal or conservative, most people can find a publication that reflects their political opinions.

True

Radio offered a wide range of free music that required none of the musical skills, expensive instruments, or sheet music necessary for creating one's own music in the home, nor the expense of purchasing records.

True

Self-publishing has democratized the industry, allowing writers who had been rejected by the traditional publishers to find their own audience. But it has also meant that a lot of writing with little literary merit has been published as well.

True

Showmen Little Richard and Chuck Berry were early pioneers of rock and roll.

True

Social role analysis of the media involves examining various individuals in the media and analyzing the type of role that each plays.

True

The 18th-century idea that American women should educate their children for the good of the emerging nation, sometimes called republican motherhood, helped to legitimize, expand, and improve women's education, and women's literacy rates rose sharply during this period.

True

The 21st-century market has so far been dominated by several massively popular novel franchises that have collectively sold hundreds of millions of copies and have spawned equally lucrative films and merchandise tie-ins.

True

The Communications Act of 1934 created the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the organization quickly began enacting influential radio decisions such as the 1938 decision to limit stations to 50,000 watts of broadcasting power, a ceiling that remains in effect today.

True

The First Amendment formally guaranteed freedom of press.

True

The Golden Age of radio occurred during the Great Depression.

True

The Industrial Revolution meant that some people had more leisure time and more money, and media (particularly daily newspapers) helped them figure out how to spend both.

True

The Inverted Pyramid Style of writing where the Who, What, When, Where, Why is reported in the first paragraph, with the most important to least essential information reported in descending order.

True

The Radio Act of 1927 established the Federal Radio Commission FRC to oversee regulation of the airwaves.

True

The direct effects model of media studies assumed that audiences passively accepted media messages and would exhibit predictable reactions in response to those messages.

True

The mechanical reproduction of books meant that, among other things, many people could read the same books and be exposed to the same ideas at the same time, giving rise to mass media and mass culture.

True

The popularity of radio began to decline after television became popular in the 1950s.

True

The term Tin Pan Alley refers to an era of musical composition where popular artists were praised for conforming to the tastes of their intended audience, not for their individuality and originality.

True

To survive the threat posed by the success of broadcast media, print publications worked to stand out from their competitors by developing market niches. During this transition, magazine editors found that by specializing they were also appealing to advertisers hoping to reach specific audiences.

True

Whether actual or fictional, celebrities and their assumed roles send a number of different messages about cultural values.

True

Yellow journalism was developed by Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst.

True

A good question to ask when applying media literacy to media is:

Who created this and who is behind it?