KIN 1304- Chapter 3: Mental Health and Stress
Of the dozens of neurotransmitters that have been discovered, how many appear to be especially important in mental disorders?
4
About what percentage of college students say that they have experienced greater than average stress in the past 12 months?
55%
By the age of 6, about ______% of the structure of the brain has been formed.
95
Advances in which of the following technologies contributed to understanding how the brain works?
PET scans, CAT scans, and MRIs
What is the key feature of psychotherapy, or counseling?
a positive interpersonal relationship between the patient and the counselor
Which of the following are major risk factors associated with suicide?
a previous suicide attempt and a family history of suicide
You are disturbed by a noise in the other room. As a result, your hearing becomes more attuned to the activity. Your increase in hearing function is an example of ___
a stress response
A person with an "optimistic explanatory style" is most likely to view problems or failures as ____
a temporary and specific challenge or opportunity
At a well-attended social event, your roommate approaches and confronts you in a hostile manner in front of your friends. What phase of general adaption syndrome will you first experience?
alarm
Generalized ______ disorder is characterized by uncontrollable worrying, usually far out of proportion to the likelihood of the feared event.
anxiety
Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) to ___
assess the impact of stressful events on illnesses
Which of the following stressors is a particularly common cause of stress among nontraditional college students, such as those who return to school after a long hiatus?
balancing school with work or family obligations
Optimistic people tend to have ___ than those with a more pessimistic outlook on life.
better physical and mental health
Which of the following are examples of self-injury, or self-harm?
burning, cutting, and head banging
Which of the following are the five stages identified by Elizabeth Kugler-Ross that dying people experience?
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance
Which of the following are common conditions of neurodevelopmental disorders?
difficulty with behavior control, difficulty with social skills, and limitations with learning
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the stages that dying people go through?
each stage may be experienced more than once
Which of the following best defines stressors?
events or agents in the environment that cause stress
If the stressor is too great or persists too long, the body moves into the ______ phase, the last phase of the general adaptation syndrome.
exhaustion
True or false: Men are at a greater risk for depression than women.
false
true or false: lesbians, gays males, bisexuals, and transgender(LGBT) individuals often have lower rates of school-related problems, running away from home, and suicide than their non-LGBT peers do.
false
You observe your roommate is having trouble balancing college coursework with an active social life, and wants to implement some time-management techniques. Which of the following is most likely to help?
focusing on activities that help advance their sense of purpose in life
Which of the following is part of the positive psychology movement?
focusing on positive emotions
In order to participate in psychotherapy, a person seeking help needs to ___
form a positive interpersonal relationship with a licensed therapist
Scientists have discovered that, just before puberty, a growth spurt takes place in the ___ of the brain, the part where "executive functions" are controlled.
frontal cortex
The disorder that involves excessive and unrelenting anxiety and worry is referred to as ___
generalized anxiety disorder
The reaction most commonly associated with the loss of a loved one is
grief
Which of the following are especially common among individuals who have been the target of racism?
hypertension, eating disorders, and substance abuse
Which of the following is the recommended approach to deep breathing for relaxation?
inhale slowly through the nose, letting the abdomen expand, and exhale through the nose and mouth after 10 seconds
Emotional ______ includes an understanding of emotional experience, self-awareness, and sensitivity to others.
intelligence
The main difference between acute and chronic stress is that acute stress ___
is temporary, whereas chronic stress is ongoing
Which of the following statements about mindfulness meditation are TRUE?
it leads to a sense of body awareness and it helps people regulate their attention
Which of the following are true of schizophrenia?
its symptoms include hallucinations and disordered thinking, and it is the most common psychotic disorder
Even though many jobs have become less physically demanding, people are subject to stress associated with which of the following?
longer workdays, expectations to bring work home, and pressure to check email and voice mail while on vacation
The 1990s were called the "decade of the brain" because ____
medical imaging technologies improved our understanding of brain structure and functions
Quieting the mind by focusing on present moment is part of a technique known as mindfulness-based ___
meditation
According to the DSM-5, ___ disorder is a pattern of behavior in an individual that is associated with distress or disability or with significantly increased risk of suffering, death, pain, disability, or loss of freedom.
mental
The average age of onset for major depressive disorders is the ___
mid-20s
What can individuals do to achieve a higher level of emotional intelligence?
motivate themselves, recognize and understand their emotions, manage their emotions
In general, which of the following would not be a recommended method of stress reduction for a college student to use?
munching on cookies and potato chips
Which of the following occur during the return to homeostasis?
muscles relax and heart rate slows
A person who has limitations of learning and difficulty with social skills and behavior control is most likely to be suffering from a ___ disorder.
neurodevelopmental
The brain chemicals that are responsible for sending signals from one brain cell to the next are known as ___
neurotransmitters
Deep breathing has been proven to help with ___
panic attacks, headaches, and fatigue
During the return to homeostasis, the ______ of your autonomic nervous system takes control to halt the stress response.
parasympathetic division
What distinguishes a mental disorder from a psychological problem?
persistent symptoms of pain or disability
At the base of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, he identifies ___ as including the need for food and shelter.
physiological needs
The ____ psychology movement focuses on understanding the full spectrum of the human experience by focusing on topics such as hope.
positive
What is the most significant risk factor for suicide?
previous suicide attempt(s)
Which of the following are characteristics of mentally healthy people?
realistic, altruistic, and high self-esteem
In studies of happiness, which of the following groups describe themselves as least happy?
roofers and construction workers
Bizarre ideas and hallucinations are often symptoms of __
schizophrenia
At the top of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, we find ___, a concept Maslow used to refer to the fulfillment of a person's true potential.
self-actualization
More than two-thirds of Americans point to their job as a significant source of ___
stress
The physical and emotional changes that a person experiences when faced with a threat are known as the ___ response.
stress
Which of the following are true regarding the effects of stress on the immune system?
stress decreases immune function
Those with Type A behavior pattern would most commonly suffer from
stress-related illnesses
Quinn is late to the last class of the day. In this case, being late is a ___
stressor
Which of the following are likely to negatively affect immune system performance?
taking exams and caring for someone with a chronic illness
Which of the following is most likely to cause grief as a reaction?
the death of a loved one
What is the most stressful event on the Holmes-Rate Social Readjustment Scale?
the death of a spouse
Which of the following are true regarding self-injury?
the incidence of self-injury is increasing and it is not limited by race, ethnicity, or education
Which statements about rituals that mark the death of a loved one are true?
they are designed to help bereaved people move on with their lives and many are designed for the living, not the dead
Which of the following are true of mentally healthy people?
they try to control stress levels, do not fear with commitment, and are comfortable with other people
Which of the following are purposes that rituals surrounding death serve?
to help mourners grieve and to help bereaved people move on with their lives
A person with physiological dependence on a substance experiences a reduced sensitivity to its effects to the point that increased doses are needed to give the same high. What is this called?
tolerance
When practicing visualization, you should ___
try to identify all the perceptible qualities of the scene.
Which of the following individual types is achievement oriented and also prone to suffer from stress-related illnesses?
type A
Which of the following are some of the unhealthy ways in which many people deal with stress?
using drugs, stress eating, drinking alcohol
The relaxation technique known as guided imagery is also called ___
visualization
The study of happiness, as part of the positive psychology movement, focuses on ___
what makes life worth living
One of the indicators that a person has a psychological dependence on a substance is that they experience uncomfortable symptoms when substance abuse stops. What are these symptoms called?
withdrawal