KIN 1304- Chapter 3: Mental Health and Stress

Of the dozens of neurotransmitters that have been discovered, how many appear to be especially important in mental disorders?

4

About what percentage of college students say that they have experienced greater than average stress in the past 12 months?

55%

By the age of 6, about ______% of the structure of the brain has been formed.

95

Advances in which of the following technologies contributed to understanding how the brain works?

PET scans, CAT scans, and MRIs

What is the key feature of psychotherapy, or counseling?

a positive interpersonal relationship between the patient and the counselor

Which of the following are major risk factors associated with suicide?

a previous suicide attempt and a family history of suicide

You are disturbed by a noise in the other room. As a result, your hearing becomes more attuned to the activity. Your increase in hearing function is an example of ___

a stress response

A person with an "optimistic explanatory style" is most likely to view problems or failures as ____

a temporary and specific challenge or opportunity

At a well-attended social event, your roommate approaches and confronts you in a hostile manner in front of your friends. What phase of general adaption syndrome will you first experience?

alarm

Generalized ______ disorder is characterized by uncontrollable worrying, usually far out of proportion to the likelihood of the feared event.

anxiety

Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) to ___

assess the impact of stressful events on illnesses

Which of the following stressors is a particularly common cause of stress among nontraditional college students, such as those who return to school after a long hiatus?

balancing school with work or family obligations

Optimistic people tend to have ___ than those with a more pessimistic outlook on life.

better physical and mental health

Which of the following are examples of self-injury, or self-harm?

burning, cutting, and head banging

Which of the following are the five stages identified by Elizabeth Kugler-Ross that dying people experience?

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance

Which of the following are common conditions of neurodevelopmental disorders?

difficulty with behavior control, difficulty with social skills, and limitations with learning

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the stages that dying people go through?

each stage may be experienced more than once

Which of the following best defines stressors?

events or agents in the environment that cause stress

If the stressor is too great or persists too long, the body moves into the ______ phase, the last phase of the general adaptation syndrome.

exhaustion

True or false: Men are at a greater risk for depression than women.

false

true or false: lesbians, gays males, bisexuals, and transgender(LGBT) individuals often have lower rates of school-related problems, running away from home, and suicide than their non-LGBT peers do.

false

You observe your roommate is having trouble balancing college coursework with an active social life, and wants to implement some time-management techniques. Which of the following is most likely to help?

focusing on activities that help advance their sense of purpose in life

Which of the following is part of the positive psychology movement?

focusing on positive emotions

In order to participate in psychotherapy, a person seeking help needs to ___

form a positive interpersonal relationship with a licensed therapist

Scientists have discovered that, just before puberty, a growth spurt takes place in the ___ of the brain, the part where "executive functions" are controlled.

frontal cortex

The disorder that involves excessive and unrelenting anxiety and worry is referred to as ___

generalized anxiety disorder

The reaction most commonly associated with the loss of a loved one is

grief

Which of the following are especially common among individuals who have been the target of racism?

hypertension, eating disorders, and substance abuse

Which of the following is the recommended approach to deep breathing for relaxation?

inhale slowly through the nose, letting the abdomen expand, and exhale through the nose and mouth after 10 seconds

Emotional ______ includes an understanding of emotional experience, self-awareness, and sensitivity to others.

intelligence

The main difference between acute and chronic stress is that acute stress ___

is temporary, whereas chronic stress is ongoing

Which of the following statements about mindfulness meditation are TRUE?

it leads to a sense of body awareness and it helps people regulate their attention

Which of the following are true of schizophrenia?

its symptoms include hallucinations and disordered thinking, and it is the most common psychotic disorder

Even though many jobs have become less physically demanding, people are subject to stress associated with which of the following?

longer workdays, expectations to bring work home, and pressure to check email and voice mail while on vacation

The 1990s were called the "decade of the brain" because ____

medical imaging technologies improved our understanding of brain structure and functions

Quieting the mind by focusing on present moment is part of a technique known as mindfulness-based ___

meditation

According to the DSM-5, ___ disorder is a pattern of behavior in an individual that is associated with distress or disability or with significantly increased risk of suffering, death, pain, disability, or loss of freedom.

mental

The average age of onset for major depressive disorders is the ___

mid-20s

What can individuals do to achieve a higher level of emotional intelligence?

motivate themselves, recognize and understand their emotions, manage their emotions

In general, which of the following would not be a recommended method of stress reduction for a college student to use?

munching on cookies and potato chips

Which of the following occur during the return to homeostasis?

muscles relax and heart rate slows

A person who has limitations of learning and difficulty with social skills and behavior control is most likely to be suffering from a ___ disorder.

neurodevelopmental

The brain chemicals that are responsible for sending signals from one brain cell to the next are known as ___

neurotransmitters

Deep breathing has been proven to help with ___

panic attacks, headaches, and fatigue

During the return to homeostasis, the ______ of your autonomic nervous system takes control to halt the stress response.

parasympathetic division

What distinguishes a mental disorder from a psychological problem?

persistent symptoms of pain or disability

At the base of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, he identifies ___ as including the need for food and shelter.

physiological needs

The ____ psychology movement focuses on understanding the full spectrum of the human experience by focusing on topics such as hope.

positive

What is the most significant risk factor for suicide?

previous suicide attempt(s)

Which of the following are characteristics of mentally healthy people?

realistic, altruistic, and high self-esteem

In studies of happiness, which of the following groups describe themselves as least happy?

roofers and construction workers

Bizarre ideas and hallucinations are often symptoms of __

schizophrenia

At the top of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, we find ___, a concept Maslow used to refer to the fulfillment of a person's true potential.

self-actualization

More than two-thirds of Americans point to their job as a significant source of ___

stress

The physical and emotional changes that a person experiences when faced with a threat are known as the ___ response.

stress

Which of the following are true regarding the effects of stress on the immune system?

stress decreases immune function

Those with Type A behavior pattern would most commonly suffer from

stress-related illnesses

Quinn is late to the last class of the day. In this case, being late is a ___

stressor

Which of the following are likely to negatively affect immune system performance?

taking exams and caring for someone with a chronic illness

Which of the following is most likely to cause grief as a reaction?

the death of a loved one

What is the most stressful event on the Holmes-Rate Social Readjustment Scale?

the death of a spouse

Which of the following are true regarding self-injury?

the incidence of self-injury is increasing and it is not limited by race, ethnicity, or education

Which statements about rituals that mark the death of a loved one are true?

they are designed to help bereaved people move on with their lives and many are designed for the living, not the dead

Which of the following are true of mentally healthy people?

they try to control stress levels, do not fear with commitment, and are comfortable with other people

Which of the following are purposes that rituals surrounding death serve?

to help mourners grieve and to help bereaved people move on with their lives

A person with physiological dependence on a substance experiences a reduced sensitivity to its effects to the point that increased doses are needed to give the same high. What is this called?

tolerance

When practicing visualization, you should ___

try to identify all the perceptible qualities of the scene.

Which of the following individual types is achievement oriented and also prone to suffer from stress-related illnesses?

type A

Which of the following are some of the unhealthy ways in which many people deal with stress?

using drugs, stress eating, drinking alcohol

The relaxation technique known as guided imagery is also called ___

visualization

The study of happiness, as part of the positive psychology movement, focuses on ___

what makes life worth living

One of the indicators that a person has a psychological dependence on a substance is that they experience uncomfortable symptoms when substance abuse stops. What are these symptoms called?

withdrawal