Kin 2500 Test 6 2/3

59) Name the four plexuses and give the general distribution of each.

1) Cervical plexus: skin and muscles of the head and neck, superior portion of the shoulders and chest, diaphragm. 2) Brachial plexus: shoulders and upper limbs. 3) Lumbar plexus: anterolateral abdominal wall, external genitalia, and parts of the lower limbs. 4) Sacral plexus: buttocks, perineum, lower limbs

12) The roots of which spinal nerves make up the cauda equina? 1. Thoracic 2. Lumbar 3. Sacral 4. Coccygeal a) 1, 2, 3, 4 b) 2, 3, 4 only c) 3, 4 only d) 4 only

2, 3, 4 only

53) The femoral nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve

False

46) The epidural space found between the dura mater and the wall of the vertebral canal contains a protective cushion of fat and connective tissue.

True

33) Select the muscle(s) served by the obturator nerve.

adductor muscles of thigh

38) From which plexus does the great auricular nerve

cervical

61) Cerebrospinal fluid is found between two layers of the meninges, in a space called the _____.

subarachnoid space

56) Describe, in order, from superficial (outermost) to deep (innermost), the structures, tissues, and fluids that provide protection for the spinal cord.

1. vertebral column, 2. vertebral ligaments, 3. epidural space with adipose tissue, 4. dura mater of dense irregular connective tissue, 5. subdural space with interstitial fluid, 6. arachnoid mater of collagen and elastic fibers, 7. subarachnoid space with cerebrospinal fluid, 8. denticulate ligaments, extensions of pia mater, attach cord to dura mater, 9 pia mater of thin fibrous connective tissue.

10) A typical reflex arc involves the following components: 1. sensory neuron 2. motor neuron 3. sensory receptor 4. integrating center 5. effector The correct order is: a) 3, 1, 4, 2, 5 b) 3, 4, 1, 2, 5 c) 3, 2, 1, 5 d) 3, 4, 2, 5

3, 1, 4, 2, 5

66) There are _____ pairs of spinal nerves, consisting of the following groups: _____ pairs of cervical, _____ pairs of thoracic, _____ pairs of lumbar, _____ pairs of sacral, and _____ pair of coccygeal spinal nerves.

31, 8, 12, 5, 5, 1

20) The spinal cord is protected by which of the following? a) vertebral column b) meninges c) cerebrospinal fluid d) All of these choices

All of these choices

13) Which of the following statements is FALSE for spinal nerves? a) The two largest branches of a spinal nerve are the anterior (ventral) ramus and the posterior (dorsal) ramus. b) All spinal nerves are mixed nerves. c) The outer covering of a spinal nerve is the epineurium. d) Every pair of spinal nerves exits through the intervertebral foramina above the vertebra that has the same name and number as the nerves.

Every pair of spinal nerves exits through the intervertebral foramina above the vertebra that has the same name and number as the nerves.

49) The anterior median fissure of the spinal cord is shallower and narrower than the posterior median sulcus.

False

50) All segments of the spinal cord contain lateral, posterior (dorsal), and anterior (ventral) gray horns.

False

54) Complete paralysis of the diaphragm occurs if the spinal cord is crushed or destroyed just below the C5 region.

False

55) Complete anesthesia of a dermatome typically requires blocking of only one pair of spinal nerves because there is never overlap between neighboring dermatomes.

False

60) The adult spinal cord extends from the _____ of the brain inferiorly to the superior border of the _____ lumbar vertebra.

Medulla oblongata, second

58) Describe the anatomy of a spinal nerve from the point where it is attached to the spinal cord to where it divides into branches. Name the roots and branches and describe in general the regions served by each branch.

The nerve is attached to the cord by the anterior (ventral) root (contains axons of motor neurons) and the posterior (dorsal) root (which contains the sensory neurons' cell bodies in a posterior (dorsal) root ganglion). The two roots merge to form a single spinal nerve, which passes through an intervertebral foramen. The spinal nerve then divides laterally into: 1. the anterior (ventral) ramus, which serves the upper and lower limbs and lateral and anterior trunk, 2. the posterior (dorsal) ramus, which serves the posterior region of the trunk, 3. the meningeal branch, which reenters the spinal canal to serve the meninges, vertebrae, vertebral ligaments, and blood vessels of the spinal cord, and 4. rami communicantes, which contain components of autonomic nerve pathways.

47) The thin transparent spinal meninx called pia mater separates the spinal cord from the surrounding cerebrospinal fluid.

True

48) The denticulate ligaments and the filum terminale are both structures that help to anchor the spinal cord and protect it against sudden displacement.

True

51) Cell bodies of motor neurons that supply smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, or glands via the autonomic nervous system can be found in the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.

True

52) Except for T2-T12, all anterior (ventral) rami form nerve plexuses

True

69) A dermatome is an area of skin that provides sensory input to the CNS via one pair of spinal nerves or the trigeminal (V) nerve.

True

5) The gray matter of the spinal cord: a) is subdivided into regions called horns. b) is surrounded by white matter. c) contains neuronal cell bodies. d) all of these choices

all of these choices

74) The part of the spinal cord indicated by the line is the _____

anterior (ventral) root

65) Motor neurons that supply skeletal muscles have cell bodies in _____ gray horns of the spinal cord, and their axons exit the cord via a/an _____ root.

anterior (ventral), anterior (ventral)

71) The meninx indicated by the line is the _____

arachnoid mater

14) Which of the following is FALSE regarding the sciatic nerve? It: a) arises from the lumbar plexus. b) splits at about the level of the knee into tibial and common fibular nerves. c) is the largest nerve in the body. d) sends branches to the hamstring muscles.

arises from the lumbar plexus.

23) What is the best description of the subarachnoid space? a) contains a protective cushion of fat and connective tissue b) between arachnoid mater and pia mater c) between dura mater and the wall of vertebral canal d) between dura mater and arachnoid mater e) contains interstitial fluid

between arachnoid mater and pia mater

37) From which plexus does the long thoracic nerve arise?

brachial

42) From which plexus does the ulnar nerve arise?

brachial

45) From which plexus does the axillary nerve arise?

brachial

40) From which plexus does the phrenic nerve arise?

cervical

68) The _____ plexus serves the skin and muscles of the head, neck, and superior part of the shoulders and chest.

cervical

15) The main plexuses formed by the anterior (ventral) rami of spinal nerves are: a) thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal b) cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral. c) cervical, lumbar, sacral, and inguinal. d) cervical, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal.

cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral.

25) What is the best description of the arachnoid mater? a) meninx closest to the bone of the vertebral column b) between subarachnoid space and pia mater c) contains a protective cushion of fat and connective tissue d) contains blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the spinal cord e) consists of collagen and elastic fiber network; has no blood vessels

consists of collagen and elastic fiber network; has no blood vessels

22) What is the best description of the epidural space? a) contains a protective cushion of fat and connective tissue b) between arachnoid mater and pia mater c) between dura mater and arachnoid mater d) contains interstitial fluid

contains a protective cushion of fat and connective tissue

4) The white matter of the spinal cord: a) contains ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) tracts. b) is surrounded by gray matter. c) is subdivided into regions called horns. d) all of these choices

contains ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) tracts.

24) What is the best description of the pia mater? a) contains a protective cushion of fat and connective tissue b) most superficial meninx c) thick strong layer composed of dense, irregular connective tissue d) contains blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the spinal cord

contains blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the spinal cord

27) Select the structure(s) served by the axillary nerve. a) deltoid muscle b) extensors of the wrist c) flexors of the wrist d) biceps brachii e) diaphragm

deltoid muscle

31) Select the structure(s) served by the phrenic nerve.

diaphragm

63) The two main routes for motor information traveling down the spinal cord are _____ pathways and _____ pathways.

direct, indirect

70) The meninx indicated by the line is the _____

dura mater

32) Select the muscle(s) served by the femoral nerve.

extensor muscles of knee joint

3) The inferior extension of the pia mater that anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx is called the _____. a) cauda equina b) filum terminale c) denticulate ligament d) conus medullaris

filum terminale

29) Select the structure(s) served by the median nerve. a) quadriceps femoris muscle b) extensors of the wrist c) flexors of the wrist d) skin of superior portion of the chest and shoulder e) diaphragm

flexors of the wrist

34) Select the muscle(s) served by the tibial nerve.

gastrocnemius and soleus muscles

35) Select the muscle(s) served by the inferior gluteal nerve.

gluteus maximus

6) The central canal of the spinal cord is located in the center of the: a) anterior (ventral) white commissure. b) anterior (ventral) gray horns. c) posterior (dorsal) white columns. d) gray commissure.

gray commissure.

9) Motor impulses that help maintain muscle tone and posture are conveyed from the brain through the spinal cord by the: a) direct pathways. b) indirect pathways. c) spinothalamic tracts. d) posterior columns.

indirect pathways.

19) Which peripheral nerves are responsible for cutaneous sensation from the skin of the anterior abdominal wall as well as motor innervation to anterior abdominal wall muscles? a) median and musculocutaneous nerves b) sciatic and sural nerves c) intercostal (thoracic) nerves d) inferior and superior gluteal nerves

intercostal (thoracic) nerves

67) Which of the following is NOT a branch of a spinal nerve? a) ramus communicans (plural: rami communicantes) b) meningeal branch c) lateral ramus d) anterior (ventral) ramus

lateral ramus

8) The senses of pain and temperature are conveyed to the brain by: a) direct tracts. b) indirect tracts. c) lateral spinothalamic tracts. d) posterior columns.

lateral spinothalamic tracts.

39) From which plexus does the femoral nerve arise?

lumbar

44) From which plexus does the iliohypogastric nerve arise?

lumbar

26) What is the best description of the dura mater? a) meninx closest to the bone of the vertebral column b) between arachnoid mater and pia mater c) between pia mater and spinal cord d) contains blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the spinal cord e) consists of collagen and elastic fiber network; has no blood vessels

meninx closest to the bone of the vertebral column

17) Which of the following is NOT a correct description of the location of the brachial plexus? a) on the neck alongside the first four cervical vertebrae b) passes above the first rib posterior to the clavicle c) extends inferiorly and laterally on either side of the last few cervical and first thoracic vertebrae d) enters the axilla

on the neck alongside the first four cervical vertebrae

72) The meninx indicated by the line is the _____

pia mater

1) Which of the following contain cell bodies of interneurons? a) posterior (dorsal) gray horns b) anterior (ventral) gray horns c) posterior (dorsal) root ganglia d) all of these choices

posterior (dorsal) gray horns

21) Which of the following contains sensory information ONLY? a) anterior (ventral) root b) anterior (ventral) ramus c) posterior (dorsal) root d) posterior (dorsal) ramus

posterior (dorsal) root

73) The part of the spinal cord indicated by the line is the _____

posterior (dorsal) root

64) Which of the following contain cell bodies of sensory neurons?

posterior (dorsal) root ganglia

18) Which of the following is NOT a correct description of the location of the lumbar plexus? a) lateral to the first four lumbar vertebrae b) posterior to the quadratus lumborum muscle c) between the two heads of the psoas major muscle d) None of these choices

posterior to the quadratus lumborum muscle

41) From which plexus does the superior gluteal nerve arise?

sacral

43) From which plexus does the pudendal nerve arise?

sacral

11) Which of the following could serve as an effector for a somatic reflex? a) skeletal muscle. b) smooth or cardiac muscle. c) gland. d) all of these choices

skeletal muscle.

30) Select the structure(s) served by the supraclavicular nerve. a) quadriceps femoris muscle b) extensors of the wrist c) flexors of the wrist d) skin of superior portion of the chest and shoulder e) diaphragm

skin of superior portion of the chest and shoulder

62) The two main routes for sensory information traveling up the spinal cord to the brain are _____ tracts and _____ columns.

spinothalamic, posterior

16) Spinal nerves T2-T12 differ from all other spinal nerves in that: a) they do not branch to form rami. b) they are autonomic nerves. c) the anterior (ventral) rami do not contribute to a plexus. d) the posterior (dorsal) rami form a plexus.

the anterior (ventral) rami do not contribute to a plexus.

2) The conus medullaris is: a) the junction between the medulla and the spinal cord. b) the tapering end of the spinal cord inferior to the lumbar enlargement. c) the inner portion of the spinal cord, seen in cross section. d) the attachment of a spinal nerve to the spinal cord.

the tapering end of the spinal cord inferior to the lumbar enlargement.

7) Lateral gray horns are present in ALL segments of the _____ region of the spinal cord. a) cervical b) thoracic c) lumbar d) all of these choices

thoracic

36) Select the muscle(s) served by the common fibular nerve.

tibialis anterior and fibularis (peroneal) muscles

28) Select the structure(s) served by the radial nerve. a) deltoid muscle b) triceps brachii c) flexors of the wrist d) skin of superior portion of the chest and shoulder e) diaphragm

triceps brachii