KIN 300 final exal

Nearly all movement of the spinal column takes place within the two supportive structures known as the _____ and ________.

Cervical and lumbar

Which of the following is correct regarding the patellofemoral joint?

Classified as an arthrodial type joint.

In the alternating prone extension exercise the hip extensors contract ________.

Concentrically during lifting phase

The internal oblique abdominal inserts on the _____.

Costal cartilage of 8th,9th, 10th ribs, and linea alba

Which of the following is not true regarding the quadriceps muscle group?

Covered by the vastus fascia

The alternating prone extension strengthens the trunk extensors through ____.

..

Of the four abdominal muscles, which is a prime mover in lateral pelvic rotation from a hanging overhead by the hands position?

...

The femoral nerve innervates all of the following muscles except?

...

The lateral collateral ligament originates on the lateral femoral condyle distally to popliteus origin and inserts on the fibular head.

...

The movement that occurs between the superior and inferior articular processes of the vertebral facet joints is characterized as ____.

...

The primary movers in cervical spine extension (against resistance) are the:

...

The Q angle is usually ____ or less for males and ___ or less for females.

15 degrees less for males, 20 degrees less for females

Which of the following is not true regarding the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis?

All are superficial and palpable except vastus medialis

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the diaphragm muscle?

All of the above (Refer to Ch12. Slide 48)

Most of the rotation within the cervical region occurs in the joint between ______.

Atlas and Axis (Atlantoaxial joint)

Which of the following muscles externally rotates the knee?

Bicep Femoris

The tibial division of the sciatic nerve innervates all of the following muscles except?

Bicep Femoris (Short Head)

Which of the following statements is not correct regarding the abdominal muscles?

Both of the above choices are correct

Which of the following is not true regarding the bursae of the knee?

Bursae are composed mainly of fatty tissue.

Which of the following is not correct regarding menisci in the knee joint?

Decrease stability

The abdominal curl-up strengthens the abdominal muscles through ____.

Eccentric contractions

The dead lift strengthens the knee extensors through ____.

Eccentric during lowering.

Which of the following muscles is not strengthened to any substantial degree by abdominal curl-ups without rotation to the right and left?

Erector Spinae

Which of the following muscles is not strengthened to any substantial degree by sit-ups?

Erector Spinae

Which of the following statements is correct regarding trunk movement at the lumbar spine?

Extends 20 to 30 degrees.

Extreme _____ of the spine would be prevented in part by the spinous processes.

Extension

All of the erector spinae muscles run horizontally parallel to the spinal column.

False

An individual will develop adequate muscular strength, endurance, and flexibility through participation in sport activities.

False

During the arm pull/leg push phase of rowing exercise the knee joint performs flexion.

False

During the return phase of rowing exercise the wrist and hand joints perform extension.

False

Kyphosis is increased posterior concavity of thoracic curve of the vertebral column.

False

Muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility are general body characteristics that are not specific to each body area and muscle group.

False

The diaphragm depresses and draws the central tendon forward during exhalation.

False

The femoral condyles articulate with the fibular condyles during flexion of the knee.

False

The hamstring muscles function as a decelerator of the knee when decreasing speed to change direction and especially when landing from a jump.

False

The patella is classified as an "irregular" bone because it is imbedded in the patellar tendon.

False

The posterior portion of the trunk contains the abdominal muscles.

False

The quadriceps muscle group functions as a decelerator to knee joint flexion in weight-bearing movements by contracting concentrically to prevent too rapid of a downward movement.

False

The quadriceps muscles perform eccentric contractions during accelerating actions.

False

The semitendinosus is located laterally and internally rotates the knee.

False

The spinous processes are located anterior with respect to the vertebral bodies.

False

The vertebral column has 32 pairs of spinal nerves.

False (31 pairs of spinal nerves)

Six pairs of ribs attach directly to the sternum via a separate costal cartilage.

False (7 ribs directly)

The popliteus originates on the medial aspect of lateral femoral condyle.

False (Postertior surface of lateral condyle of femur)

The horizontal indentations that transect the rectus abdominis, giving it a segmented appearance is the linea alba.

False (tendinous inscriptions)

The rectus femoris is more powerful in extending the knee when the hip is in _____.

Flexion

Which of the following actions is performed during the arm pull/leg push phase of rowing exercise?

Flexion

Which of the following actions is performed during the return phase of rowing exercise?

Flexion

All of the following are key bony landmarks of the knee joint except?

Gerdy's condyle

Which of the following is not an agonist muscle of trunk extension when performing "alternating prone extension" exercise?

Gluteus maximus

Which of the following muscles is not activated during the hip flexion portion of an isometric "leg lifter" exercise?

Gluteus maximus

The pes anserinus tendinous expansion is comprised from the ______.

Gracilis, sartorius, semitendinous.

The squat and dead lift are similar in that they both strengthen the ____.

Hip Extensors.

From medial to lateral the erector spinae muscles are the ________.

Ilicostalis, longissimus, spinalis

Which of the following muscles would be most effective in performing anterior pelvic rotation?

Iliopsoas

Which of the following is not considered to be a large abdominal muscle?

Lateral abdominus.

Which of the following muscles would not be concentrically active when attempting to place the right ear on the right shoulder while lying on the left side?

Left Sternocleidomastoid

When performing the up portion of the sit-up with rotation to the left, which of the following muscles are utilized the most?

Left internal oblique abdominal and right external oblique abdominal

Increased posterior concavity of the cervical spine is known as _____.

Lordosis

Which of the following is true regarding the medial collateral ligament?

Maintains medial stability

During the squat the hip flexors are strengthened by ______.

None of the above

Which of the following is not considered very important in skillful performance of physical activity and body maintenance from a kinesiological perspective?

Power

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the hamstring muscle group?

Provides static stability to the knee joint

Which of the following is not true with respect to the synovial cavity?

Provides the knee with stability.

During the lifting phase of a "dead lift" exercise the agonist muscles of the wrist and hand include all of the following except?

Quadratus lumborum

In performing lateral flexion against gravity such as in a lateral sit-up, which of the following muscles would be least effective?

Rectus Abdominis

Which of the following muscles does not perform hip extension during the lifting phase of a "squat" exercise?

Rectus femoris

Which if the following muscles contract concentrically to cause extension of the head, right cervical rotation, and right cervical lateral flexion?

Right Splenius Capitus

During the lowering phase of a "dead lift" exercise the agonist muscles of the knee include all of the following except?

Semimbranosus

Which of the following muscles internally rotates the knee?

Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Popliteus

Which of the following muscles is not activated during an isometric abdominal exercise?

Serratus anterior

Which of the following is not correct regarding the knee joint proper?

Sometimes referred to as trochoginglymus

Muscles that flex the knee include all of the following except?

Tensor fascia latae

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the "bent knee sit-up" exercise?

The strength of the erector spinae muscles are benefited significantly through this exercise.

The trunk is composed of the _______.

Thoracic Spine, Rib Cage, Pelvic Girdle

Which of the following is not an agonist muscle of shoulder flexion when performing "alternating prone extension" exercise?

Tricep brachii

A "dead lift" exercise is divided into two phases.

True

A sideward deviation of the spine is known as scoliosis

True

A substantial number of low back problems are caused by improper use of the back over time.

True

All three of the vasti muscles of quadriceps originate on proximal femur and insert on patellar superior pole.

True

Articular cartilage is located on the surfaces of both the femur and tibia.

True

As the knee approaches full extension the tibia must externally rotate approximately 10 degrees to achieve proper alignment of the tibial and femoral condyles.

True

Compared to an untrained person, a well-trained person will see relatively minor improvements in the amount of weight that can be lifted over the same period of time.

True

Concentric muscle actions are the shortening contraction of muscles against gravity or a resistance.

True

During the arm pull/leg push phase of rowing exercise the shoulder joint performs extension.

True

During the return phase of rowing exercise the hip joint performs flexion.

True

Each thoracic vertebrae has one pair of ribs that attaches to it laterally.

True

Eccentric actions occur when muscles lengthen under tension to control the joints moving with gravity or a resistance.

True

Functions of the abdominal muscles include assisting in spinal stabilization and respiration.

True

Increased pressure on the spinal nerves may result from a herniated lumbar disc and result in radiating pain, tingling, numbness, and weakness in the lower extremity.

True

Many types of back pain and other physical ailments can be avoided through proper maintenance of the musculoskeletal system.

True

Most of the movement that occurs in the spinal column occurs in the cervical and thoracic regions of the spine.

True

Muscles may shorten or lengthen in the absence of a contraction through passive movement caused by other contracting muscles.

True

Reduction of the spine is defined as a return movement from lateral flexion to a neutral position.

True

Sit-ups are an excellent exercise for strengthening the erector spinae muscles.

True

Spinal flexion is defined as anterior movement of the spine where the head moves toward chest and the thorax moves toward pelvis.

True

Tears in menisci can occur due both compression and shear forces during rotation while flexing or extending during quick directional changes in running.

True

The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments are located on the outermost anterior and posterior surfaces of the knee joint.

True

The biceps femoris inserts primarily on the head of the fibula.

True

The fibula is not part of the ginglymus articulation of the knee joint.

True

The gastrocnemius and soleus are strengthened in the lowering phase of the squat due to their eccentric contractions.

True

The iliotibial tract of the tensor fasciae latae inserts on Gerdy's condyle.

True

The knee joint can extend to 180 degrees normally although some individuals can extend slightly further.

True

The knee joint is the largest joint in the body.

True

The lateral collateral ligament is more frequently injured than other knee joint ligaments. True

True

The lateral fibula serves as the attachment for knee joint structures but does not articulate with the femur or patella.

True

The linea alba runs vertically from the xiphoid process through the umbilicus to the pubis and divides the rectus abdominis

True

The medial collateral ligament originates on the medial aspect of upper medial femoral condyle and inserts on medial tibial surface.

True

The normal curves of the cervical and lumbar spines are lordotic.

True

The patella serves as a pulley by improving the angle of pull with the result being a greater mechanical advantage for the quadriceps during knee extension.

True

The pelvic girdle rotates as a unit due to movement occurring in hip and lumbar spine.

True

The rectus abdominis muscle can control the tilt of the pelvis when contracting.

True

The rowing exercise is a closed kinetic chain exercise.

True

The sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus all insert just below the medial condyle on upper anteromedial tibial surface.

True

The semimembranosus inserts anteromedially on the medial tibial condyle.

True

The semimembranosus is located posteromedially and internally rotates the knee.

True

The tibia bears the majority of the weight as compared to the fibula.

True

The vertebral column is composed of 24 articulating vertebrae.

True

Vertebrae increase in size from the cervical to the lumbar region because the lower back supports more weigh.

True.

During the lifting phase of a "dead lift" exercise the agonist muscles of the hip include all of the following except?

Vastus Medialis

The only uniarticular knee flexor is the _____.

Vastus Medialis

Which of the following is NOT considered to be one of the quadriceps muscle group?

Vastus Medius

Which of the following is not an agonist muscle of hip extension when performing "alternating prone extension" exercise?

Vastus medialis

Which of the following statements is true regarding the action of the quadriceps muscle group during squatting?

When the descent is at the same speed as gravity no muscular control is exerted.

The _____ vertebrae serve as a link between the thoracic spine-rib cage and the head.

cervical

Which of the following muscles actions is performed during the lowering phase of "hip sled" exercise?

dorisflexion

Which of the following is not true regarding strength and endurance being essential for maintenance of patellofemoral stability?

are not often a problem

Which of the following muscles actions is performed during the pushing phase of "hip sled" exercise?

extension

It is not necessary to analyze each individual's exercise and skill technique in order to specifically design an exercise program to meet his/her needs.

false

The abdominal curl-up does not strengthen the internal and external oblique abdominals unless trunk rotation is included.

false

The dead lift is a closed kinetic chain exercise.

false

When performing a "squat" exercise the hip is extended during the lowering phase.

false

The external oblique abdominal inserts on the _____.

illium

The _____ vertebrae serve as a link between the pelvic girdle and the thoracic spine-rib cage.

lumbar

The ________ process can be palpated on the posterior surface of the spine when it is flexed:

spinous

All of the following are open chain exercises except for _____.

squat

The "SAID Principle" indicates that strength gains beyond the range of motion utilized in the training are usually minimal.

true

The "SAID Principle" is applicable in every form of muscle training as well as to the systems of body.

true

The "alternating prone extension" exercise can be broken down to two separate phases.

true

The abdominal curl-up strengthens the hip flexors.

true

The erector spinae iliocostalis are considered to be agonist muscles during extension of the spine.

true

The specific needs of each individual must be specifically addressed when designing an exercise program.

true

When using free weights for strength training it is important to ensure that one group of muscles is not overdeveloped and another is underdeveloped.

true

In basketball and soccer injury to the ______ occurs much more commonly to females than to males.

ACL

The most common serious knee ligament injury involves the _____.

ACL

Which of the following is not a phase of "sit-up" exercise?

Starting phase

Which if the following muscles contract concentrically to cause cervical flexion, left cervical rotation, and right cervical lateral flexion?

Sternocleidomastoid

The vastus lateralis provides a _____ pull on the patella when contracting concentrically.

Superolateral

The vastus medialis provides a _____ pull on the patella when contracting concentrically.

Superomedial

The location of the erector spinae muscles enables them to extend spine and assist in rotation and lateral flexion

TRUE