Kinesiology Final Exam
Name the lever 1 2 3 4
2
You push on a tree with 20 N of force. If the tree doesn't move, the tree is pushing back on you with _____of force. 0 N 20 N 40 N 21 N
20 N
Name the lever 1 2 3 4
3
Name the lever 1 2 3 4
3
Zero acceleration indicates that velocity is a) Increasing b) Decreasing c) Constant d) Positive
C) Constant
T/F A muscle can cause itself to elongate.
F
T/F Antagonist muscles are known as primary or prime movers or muscles most involved in a joint action.
F
T/F Curvilinear motion is a type of linear motion in which all points of an object travel the same distance in a straight line.
F
T/F Fusiform fiber arrangement is a type of pennate architecture
F
T/F Fusiform muscle fiber arrangement results in a circular pattern.
F
T/F Individual muscles in the human body cross only one joint.
F
T/F Motion where all points of an object travel the same distance along a curved path is considered angular motion.
F
T/F Movement at the elbow by the forearm away from the shoulder is accurately described by the term "flexion."
F
T/F The insertion of the deltoid muscle is the humeral tuberosity on the lateral humerus.
F
T/F The levator scapulae muscle is responsible for upward rotation of the inferior angle of the scapula
F
T/F The pectoralis minor can perform adduction, downward rotation, or depression when activated.
F
T/F The shape and arrangement of muscle fibers affect the muscle's ability to relax.
F
T/F The stability of the glenohumeral joint is enhanced by its significant mobility.
F
T/F The synergist muscle of an activity is considered to be the primary mover
F
T/F There are seven types of diarthrodial joints.
F
T/F When the body is in fundamental position, the thumb is on the anterior side of the hand.
F
T/F The coracobrachialis muscle inserts on the coracoid process.
F
T/F The scapula and clavicle serve as the proximal attachments for the muscles that flex and extend the elbow.
F
T/F The wrist is proximal to the elbow.
F
T/F Motion where all points of an object travel the same distance along a curved path is considered angular motion
False
T/F the distal malleoli of the tibia and fibia serves as pulleys for the posterior tendons to increase mechanical advantage of the respective muscles in performing dorsiflexion and plantar flexion actions
False performs inversion & eversion
The ______ is formed by drawing one line from the anterior superior spine of the ilium to the middle of the patella and a second line from the middle of the patella to the tibial tuberosity
Q-Angle
What is the type and classification of the joint unique to the hand
Sellar
List three of the ways that muscles are named and provide an example of each.
Shape: Deltoid Size: Maximum Number of divisions: Tri
T/ F The rotator cuff muscle group includes the subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles.
T
T/F All muscle contractions are classified as either isometric or isotonic
T
T/F Diarthrodial joints are also known as synovial joints
T
T/F Generally, as a muscle gets longer, its ability to exert force increases.
T
T/F Of all the movements possible in the joints of the body, flexion/extension is the most commonly occurring.
T
T/F Short force arms and long resistance arms require greater muscular force to produce movement as compared to longer force arms with a long resistance arm.
T
T/F The actions of serratus anterior include abduction and upward rotation.
T
T/F The medial border of the scapula above the scapular spine is the insertion point of the levator scapulae.
T
T/F The origin of the deltoid muscle includes the anterior lateral third of the clavicle and the lateral portion of the acromion process.
T
T/F The origin of the pectoralis major muscle includes the portion of the sternum adjacent to the costal cartilages of the first six ribs.
T
T/F The term "innervation" is used to describe providing a stimulus to muscle fibers within a specific muscle or portion of a muscle.
T
T/F When performing a pushup the biceps brachii is considered to be an antagonist muscle.
T
T/F In a first class lever arrangement the agonist and antagonist muscle groups may contract simultaneously on either side of a joint axis.
T
T/F The range of motion of the glenohumeral joint in the frontal plane is approximately 90-95° for adduction and abduction.
T
T/F The serratus anterior performs abduction in the transverse plane.
T
A vector is a parameter that is described by _____ and _____. a) magnitude, direction b) distance, displacement c) velocity, direction d) magnitude, distance
a)
During a biceps curl, the deltoid acts as a(n) a) stabilizer. b) agonist. c) synergist. d) antagonist.
a)
During practice, a coach watches an athlete swim several laps and identifies a technique error that puts the swimmer at an increased risk of injury. This type of analysis is called a) mechanoplathology. b) static. c) kinetic. d) pathomechanics.
a)
Elbow extension takes place in what plane? a) Sagittal b) Frontal c) Transverse d) Longitudinal
a)
Elbow extension where the triceps applies force to olecranon process in extending the non-supported forearm at the elbow is an example of which type of lever arrangement? a) First class b) Second class c) Third class d) None of the above choices is correct
a)
Holding a box while waiting for your friend to open a door is an example of what type of contraction? a) Isometric b) Concentric c) Eccentric d) Both B and C
a)
When a muscle contracts, a) the origin and insertion receive equal forces. b) the location of the greater force depends on the specific muscle. c) the insertion receives a greater force. d) the origin receives a greater force
a)
When the paths followed by the points on an object are curved, so the direction of motion is constantly changing, but the orientation of the object does not change. a) Curvilinear translation b) Rotational translation c) Rectilinear translation d) Angular translation
a)
Which of the following actions is not performed by the trapezius? a) Downward rotation b) Upward rotation c) Elevation d)Depression
a)
Which of the following best describes the anatomical location of the head with respect to the left arm? a) Superior and medial b) Anterior and medial c) Distal and lateral d) Inferior and lateral
a)
Which of the following does not affect joint range of motion? a) Bone density b) Soft tissue around the joint c) Ligaments d) Joint structure
a)
Which of the following is a proprioceptor? a) Interneuron b) Muscle spindle c) Renshaw cell d) type IIa motor unit
a)
Which of the following is a true statement regarding agonist muscles? a) Causes a joint motion through a specified plane of motion when contracting concentrically b) Causes a joint motion through a specified plane of motion when contracting isometrically c) Causes a joint motion through a specified plane of motion when contracting eccentrically d) Causes a joint motion through a specified plane of motion when contracting isokinetically
a)
Which of the following is an action of the middle fibers of the deltoid muscles? a) Abduction b) Extension c) Flexion d) Adduction
a)
Which of the following is an origin of the latissimus dorsi muscle? a) Posterior crest of the ilium b) Front of the sacrum c) Spinous processes of the lumbar and lower eight thoracic vertebrae d) Slips of the lower seven ribs
a)
Which of the following is not a structure associated with the shoulder joint? a) Ribs b) Humerus c) Clavicle d) Scapula
a)
Which of the following is not among the general factors that positively affect the achievement of balance? a) The center of gravity falls outside the base of support b) A larger base of support c) A greater weight of an object d) A lower center of gravity
a)
Which of the following statements is false regarding the proportional relationship between force components and resistance components? a) The closer the force application is to the axis of rotation the greater the amount of resistance that can be moved b) If either of the resistance components increase, there must be an increase in one or both of force components c) The greater resistance or resistance arm requires greater force or longer force arm d) The greater the force or force arm allows a greater amount of resistance to be moved or a longer resistance arm to be used
a)
Which property of muscle is not also a property of another type of tissue? a) Contractility b) Elasticity c) Extensibility d) Irritability
a)
During stair climbing which pair of muscles is important to extend the hip and knee joints? a) Gluteus maximus, biceps femoris b) Biceps femoris, iliopsosa c) Gluteus maximus, rectus femoris d) Vastus medialis, popliteus
a) - Gluteus maximus, biceps femoris
What does the kinetic link principle refer a) Sequential body segment movement b) Acceleration of a body segment c) Relationship between open and closed kinetic chain activities d) Link between kinetic and potential movements
a) - Sequential body segment movement
The mechanisms responsible for shock absorption in the foot are the a)__________, b) and _________, c) _________
a) medial b) lateral c) transverse arches
An action common to the latissimus dorsi, teres major, and lower pectoralis major is _____. a) abduction b) adduction c) external rotation d) flexion
b)
For two objects in contact with each other which of the following would result in the greatest amount of friction? a) One object sliding across the other b) One object sitting stationary on the other c) One object rolling across the other d) The amount of friction would be the same in all of the above examples
b)
In the three-component model of muscle, which component most closely corresponds to the tendon? a) Contractile component b) Series elastic component c) Parallel elastic component d) Contrastic component
b)
Maximal force is generated in muscle fibers during a) concentric contractions b) isometric contractions c) eccentric contractions
b)
The frontal plane divides the body into _____. a) right and left halves b) front and back halves c) top and bottom halves d) medial and lateral halves
b)
The subconscious mechanism by which the body is able to regulate posture and movement is _____. a) kinesthesis b) proprioception c) reflex d) pathogenesis
b)
Which group of bones are all examples of flat bones? a) Femur, humerus, skull b) Ribs, sternum, scapula c) Sternum, skull, scapula d) Carpals, clavicle, vertebrae
b)
Which is not part of the axial skeleton? a) Trunk b) Upper extremities c) Head d) Neck
b)
Which of the following is Newton's Law of Inertia? a) For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction. b) A body in motion tends to remain in motion at the same speed in a straight line unless acted on by a force. c) A change in the acceleration of a body occurs in the same direction as the force that caused it. d) None of the choices is correct.
b)
Which of the following is a proprioceptor associated with muscle tissue? a) acian corpuscle b) Golgi Tendon Organ c) Meissner's corpuscle d) Ruffini organ
b)
Which of the following is not a shape by which muscles are categorized? a) Sphincter b) Radial c) Strap d) Fusiform
b)
Which of the following is true regarding concentric muscle contractions? a) The force developed by the muscle is less than that of the resistance b) Contractions cause movement against gravity or resistance c) Causes a body part to remain stable against gravity or external forces d) Results in the joint angle changing in the opposite direction of the applied muscle force
b)
Which of the types of muscle contraction is usually utilized in causing an object's deceleration? a) Concentric b) Eccentric c) Isokinetic d) Isometric
b)
When the paths followed by the points on an object are curved, so the direction of motion is constantly changing, but the orientation of the object does not change a) Rectilinear translation b) Curvilinear translation c) Angular translation d) Rotational translation e) General motion
b) - Curvilinear translation
Which parameter is defined as "the total change in position" a) Displacement b) Distance c) Velocity D) Acceleration
b) - Distance
The only uniarticular knee flexor is the _____. a) biceps femoris b) popliteus c) semimembranosus d) vastus intermedius
b) - Popliteus
Which muscle causes extension about the glenohumeral and ulnohumeral joints a) Biceps brachii b) triceps brachii c) brachioradialis d) brachialis
b) Triceps brachii
An action common to the latissimus dorsi, teres major, subscapularis and pectoralis major is _____. a) abduction b) adduction c) internal rotation d) extension
c)
During knee extension, the shank (i.e., the segment between the ankle and the knee) undergoes what type of motion? a) Linear b) Diagonal c) Angular d) Curvilinear
c)
Linear motion is also known as _____ motion. a) a) torque b) diagonal c) translational d) angular
c)
Shaking the head "No" occurs in which plane? a) Sagittal b) Frontal c) Transverse d) Oblique
c)
The pennate type of muscle fiber arrangement may be classified by the following terms except? a) Unipennate b) Bipennate c) Tripennate d) Multipennate
c)
The right and left deltoid muscles are _____ to one another. a) ventral b) ipsilateral c) contralateral d) dorsal
c)
What term is used to describe the motion of bringing the dorsum of the foot closer to the anterior leg? a) Flexion b) Extension c) Dorsiflexion d) Plantar flexion
c)
Which is not a way that muscle attaches to bone? a) Directly b) Via an aponeurosis c) Via a sarcolemma d) Via a tendon
c)
Which of the following definitions is correct? a) Rolling friction is always less than static or kinetic friction. b) Static equilibrium is when the body is at rest or completely motionless. c) Both of the above choices are correct. d) None of the above choices is correct.
c)
Which of the following is affected by the shape and size of a muscle? a) Rate of muscle contraction b) Bony structure c) Ability of a muscle to produce force d) Location of the associated nerve
c)
Which of the following is an example of a type of friction? a) Static b) Kinetic c) Both of the above choices are correct d) None of the above choices is correct
c)
Which of the following is not an example of a movement in the sagittal plane? a) Flexion b) Extension c) Lateral flexion d) Plantar flexion
c)
Which of the following is not true with respect to an isometric muscle contraction? a) Tension is developed within muscle but joint angles remain constant b) Considered to be a static contraction c) Is considered to be a dynamic contraction d) Joint angle may be maintained in a relatively stable positio
c)
Which of the following is the Law of Acceleration? a) For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction. b) A body in motion tends to remain in motion at the same speed in a straight line unless acted on by a force. c) A change in the acceleration of a body occurs in the same direction as the force that caused it. d) None of the above choices is correct.
c)
Which of the following is true regarding an eccentric muscle action? a) The muscle does not control the movement with gravity or resistance b) Described as a positive type of contraction c) The force developed by the muscle is less than that of the resistance d) Results in the joint angle changing in the direction opposite that of the resistance or external force
c)
Which of the following muscles of the shoulder joint are located on the posterior surface of the scapula? a) Pectoralis major b) Coracobrachialis c) Supraspinatus d) Subscapularis
c)
Which of the following types of machine is most common in the musculoskeletal system arrangements of the human body? a) Pulleys b) Wheel-axles c) Levers d) None of the above choices is correct
c)
Which of the following statements is not true regarding the tibiofibular joint a) Syndesmotic amphiarthrodial joint b) Joined at both the proximal and the distal tibiofibular joints c) An interosseus membrane is located around the tibia and fibula shafts to provide support d)
c) - An interosseus membrane is located around the tibia and fibula shafts to provide support
Which muscle causes thigh adduction about the hip and crosses the knee? a) Adductor brevis b) adductor longus c) Gracilis d) Sartorius
c) Gracilis
Which of the following is true of the hand/wrist joint and the foot/ankle a) Both are comprised of 26 bones b) Neither contains more than 25 joints c) The hand/wrist contains 29 bones while the foot/ankle contains 26 d) The hand/wrist contains 32 joints while the foot/ankle contains 27
c) The hand/wrist contains 29 bones while the foot/ankle contains 26
The ability to shorten when stimulated is called _______? a) extensibility b) flexibility c) irritability d contractility
d
A _____ analysis would be used to determine the amount of force necessary to lift a 200-lb barbell in a squat. a) dynamic b) kinematic c) static d) kinetic
d)
A _____ analysis would be used to determine the amount of force necessary to lift a 200-lb barbell in a squat. a) kinematic b) dynamic c) static d) kinetic
d)
During which type of contraction is the greatest muscle force possible? a) Concentric b) All are equal c) Isometric d) Eccentric
d)
Following the size principle, in what order are motor units recruited? a) The size principle has nothing to do with motor unit recruitment. b)IIb, IIa, I c) IIa, IIb, I d) I, IIa, IIb
d)
Kinematics is the description of motion and includes consideration of each of the following except? a) Time b) Displacement c) Velocity d) Forces
d)
Muscles provide all of the following except? a) Protection b) Posture and support c) Produce a major portion of total body heat d) Attachment points for other muscles
d)
The point at which all of the body's mass and weight is equally balanced or equally distributed in all directions is the _____. a) balance point b) point of equilibrium c) axis d) center of gravity
d)
Which of the following factors may enhance stability? a) Raising the body's center of gravity within the base of support b) Moving the body's center of gravity further from the center of the base of support c) Both of the above choices are correct d) None of the above choices is correct
d)
Which of the following is not a factor that contributes to the predisposition for injury at the glenohumeral joint? a) Shallowness of glenoid fossa b) Laxity of ligamentous structures c) Lack of strength and endurance in muscles d) Tight configuration of ligaments
d)
Which phrase best defines biomechanics? a) The scientific study of human movement b) The science of the structure of the body c) The study of characteristics of motion from a spatial and temporal perspective without reference to the forces causing the motion d) The study of the structure and function of biologic systems by means of the methods of mechanics
d)
which of the following best describes inertia a) An object's weight b) Length of the object times mass squared c) A measure of an objects resistance to a change in motion d) The measure of the tendency of a force that cause rotation
d)
What are the "base" units for a Newton (ie., what units make up a Newton) ? a) kg-m/s^2 b) kg-m/s c) m/s/s d) Ns
kg-m/s^2
A vector is a parameter that is described by ___ and ____
magnitude, direction