Knee

A large number of medial meniscus lesions are the outcome of:

a sudden, strong, internal rotation of the femur, with a partially flexed knee, while the foot is firmly planted.

The knee is commonly considered a hinge joint because:

its two principal movements are flexion and extension.

Which of the following are true of bursitis in the knee?

Bursitis in the knee can be acute, chronic, or recurrent. The prepatellar bursa often becomes inflamed from continued kneeling or falling directly on the knee.

Which of the following are true of meniscus injuries?

A tear of the meniscus most often results from weight bearing combined with a rotational force while extending or flexing the knee. The medial meniscus is prone to disruption from valgus and rotational forces because of its attachment to the deep portion of the medial collateral ligament.

What are the causes of injury to the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)?

Falling with full weight on the anterior aspect of the bent knee, with the knee hyperflexed and the ankle and foot in plantar flexion A rotational force, which also affects the medial or lateral side of the knee

In the context of assessing injuries to the knee joint, which of the following are true of palpation?

It identifies areas of tenderness at the joint line that may indicate injury either to medial or lateral menisci or the joint capsule. It helps identify deformities in the bony structures of the knee that might indicate a fracture or dislocation.

Which of the following are true of the treatment and care of acute patellar subluxation or dislocation?

Ice should be applied around the joint. Muscle rehabilitation should involve strengthening all the muscles of the knee, thigh, and hip. The athlete should be taken to the physician, who will reduce the kneecap.

_________ is an overuse condition commonly occurring in runners or cyclists that can be attributed to malalignment and structural asymmetries of the foot and lower leg.

Iliotibial band friction syndrome

What are the signs of Osgood-Schlatter disease?

Repeated irritation causes swelling, hemorrhage, and gradual degeneration at the tibial tubercle. There is point tenderness over the anterior proximal tibial tubercle. The athlete complains of severe pain when kneeling, jumping, and running.

What are the signs of iliotibial band friction syndrome?

Increase in pain during running or cycling Increased warmth Redness over the lateral femoral condyle Tenderness and mild swelling

Which of the following is true of the knee?

It functions to provide stability in weight bearing and mobility in locomotion.

Which of the following are true of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) sprain?

It is more likely to occur in females than in males. It is most likely to occur with deceleration, rotation, and valgus stress to the knee.

The Apley's compression test

It is used to detect a meniscus tear.

Identify a true statement about the causes of injury to the lateral collateral ligament of the knee joint.

It most often occurs either as a result of a laterally directed varus force from the medial side or from medial rotation of the tibia.

Identify the features of the condition known as jumper's knee.

It occurs in the patellar or quadriceps tendon as a result of either a single acute injury or, more commonly, repetitive injuries. Transverse friction massage has been demonstrated to be an effective technique for care of jumper's knee.

The anterior cruciate ligament

It prevents the tibia from moving forward relative to the femur during non-weight bearing and the femur from sliding backward when the knee is extended, as during weight bearing.

The posterior cruciate ligament

It prevents the tibia from sliding backward relative to the femur when the knee is weight bearing and the femur from sliding forward when the knee is extended, as in weight bearing.

Which of the following are true of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee?

It serves as a secondary stabilizer when there is injury to the collateral ligaments. It stabilizes the tibia against excessive internal rotation.

In the context of assessing injuries to the knee joint, identify a true statement about palpation.

It starts with the bony structures and progresses to the collateral ligaments and the joint line.

What are the common signs of injury to the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)?

Laxity demonstrated in a posterior drawer test Tenderness and relatively little swelling in the popliteal fossa A pop in the back of the knee

Which of the following are true of the treatment for an injury to the posterior cruciate ligament?

Nonoperative rehabilitation of grade 1 and 2 injuries should focus on quadriceps strengthening. The protection, optimal loading, ice, compression, and elevation (POLICE) principle should be initiated immediately. Rehabilitation following surgery involves 6 weeks of immobilization in extension with full weight bearing on crutches.

Which of the following is a condition common to the rapidly growing immature adolescent's knee?

Osgood-Schlatter disease

What are the symptoms of a lateral collateral ligament (LCL) sprain?

Pain and tenderness over the ligament Swelling and effusion Some joint laxity with a varus stress test at 30 degrees of extension

What are the likely symptoms of a meniscal tear?

Pain when squatting Intermittent locking and giving way Joint-line pain and loss of motion Effusion developing gradually over 48 to 72 hours

Jake, a cornerback, makes a sudden, hard tackle to disrupt a pass from the offense during a football match. Though he feels pain, he ignores it and continues with the game. In the next two days, he experiences joint-line pain, recurrent swelling, loss of motion, and obvious muscle atrophy around the knee. The symptoms experienced by Jake most likely indicate that he has:

a chronic meniscal lesion.

Which of the following are true of the treatment of Osgood-Schlatter disease?

Stressful activities are decreased for approximately 6 months to 1 year. Severe cases may require padding to protect the tibial tubercle from additional trauma. Isometric strengthening of quadriceps and hamstring muscles is performed. Ice is applied to the knee before and after activities.

What are the symptoms of prepatellar bursitis?

Swelling outside the joint Some redness and increased temperature

Which of the following is the most commonly used test for checking the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament?

The Lachman's test

Which of the following are true of acute patellar subluxation or dislocation?

The athlete experiences a complete loss of knee function along with pain and swelling. As a rule, displacement takes place laterally, with the patella resting on the lateral condyle. The dislocated or subluxated patella rests in an abnormal position.

Which of the following muscles of the knee joint contributes to external tibial rotation?

The biceps femoris

What are the major stabilizing ligaments of the knee?

The collateral ligaments The cruciate ligaments

Identify the true statements about Osgood-Schlatter disease.

The most commonly accepted cause of this condition is the repeated pull of the patellar tendon at the tibial tubercle on the front of the tibia. It is characterized by ongoing pain at the attachment of the patellar tendon at the tibial tubercle.

Identify the bones that constitute the knee joint.

The tibia The patella The femur The fibula

Which of the following are helpful in the treatment of iliotibial band friction syndrome?

Therapy involving cold packs or ice massage before and after activity Correction of foot and leg alignment problems Proper warm-up and stretching

Valgus and varus stress tests

They are intended to reveal laxity of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments.

The anterior and posterior drawer tests

They are used to assess the integrity of anterior cruciate and posterior cruciate ligaments.

The most common noncontact mechanism for tearing the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is when an athlete decelerates, with the foot planted on the ground, creating an axial load with the knee slightly flexed, medial tibial rotation, knee valgus, an anterior shear force of the tibia, and hip adduction relative to the pelvis. (T/F)

True

Treatment of iliotibial band friction syndrome includes stretching the iliotibial band and performing techniques for reducing inflammation. (T/F)

True (IT band)

Which of the following is a sign of jumper's knee or patellar tendinosis?

Vague pain and tenderness, generally around the bottom of the patella on the posterior aspect, that worsens when jumping or running