Krieger AP Psych Unit 1 Part 1 Notes

visited many hospitals including mental ones, petitioned congress for more hospitals and humane conditions

Dorothea Dix

: the study of _____the mind (mental processes, how we store, process, and retrieve information) ___________________, when we perceive, remember, think, communicate, and solve problems. Ex: Piaget studied how young children think and problem solve. Focuses on memory, thinking, and problem solving

Cognitive Psychology

setup first psychology lab in states, invited Freud to it

G.S. Hall

the German word for "whole," this group of theorists in Europe studying perception techniques such as figure/ground and closure. Seeing things in groups or as a whole.

Gestalt

Focuses on free will, needs, and the _self's issues___________. Maslow: made the hierarchy of needs Carl Rogers's Client centered therapy

Humanistic:

Behaviors are learned through associations

Learning via Classical Conditioning: Ivan Pavlov + John B. Watson

Behaviors are learned through reinforcements and punishments

Learning via Operant Conditioning

- has a PhD in psychology

Margaret Washburn

famous pupil of William James; even though she experienced blatant discrimination when denied her phD in psych, she becomes a research scientist and first woman president of the APA.

Mary Caulkins

Behaviors are learned through modeling (watching + imitating others)

Observational Learning

Sigmund Freud (and followers) emphasize ways our ____unconscious__________________ mind and ____early childhood__________________ relationships affect our adult behavior.

Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic

the study of how ____groups___________ and ___culture_____________ affect our behavior and thinking. i. "Learned Norms" vary across ethnicity, religion, gender, language, nationality ii. Individualistic v. Collectivist Cultures

Sociocultural:

Wundt studied Sensation and perception, but is most remembered for his work on Structuralism, Using the method of

introspection

1920's- 1960's Psychology Study of

the science of _observable behavior__ Bc WW1

After 1960's: our current definition of Psychology is

the science of behavior and mental processes

Before 1920's: Psychology was the Study of

the science of mental life____ _. Examples: inner sensations, feelings, and thoughts

the study of evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of __instincts for survival _______ (Behaviors have a ____nature____________ or ____nurture_________ advantage)

(Minor perspective) Evolutionary Psychology

Focuses on ___learning________________ via observable behavior that is more scientific.

Behaviorism

the scientific study of the links between brain and body ___chemistry_____________ and ___genetics______________ Ex: Neurotransmitter Imbalances, Hormones, Nervous System activity

Biological:

studied Functionalism (influenced by Charles Darwin) focused on the evolved purposes of the elements of consciousness. Our ability to think, our conscious awareness serves a FUNCTION/role/job

William James

founded the first psych lab to "scientifically" study in Leipzig Germany in 1879 .

William Wundt