lab final practical chp 10-11
Ilium
From which bone does the highlighted muscle originate? A. Ilium B. Ischium C. Femur D. Pubis
In the morning, the neuronal reserves of acetylcholine are larger, allowing for sufficient neurotransmitter release and resulting in effective muscle signaling. As the day progresses and the stores of acetylcholine become depleted, muscle function becomes progressively worse.
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder that results in the production of antibodies that either block or cause the destruction of the ACh receptor. Why do you think that Tamara's symptoms become worse as the day progresses? A. As the muscle becomes fatigued over the course of the day's activities, the receptors bind less acetylcholine, which results in smaller and smaller action potentials being generated. Smaller action potentials mean weaker contractions, as seen by the increasing muscle weakness. B. In the morning, the neuronal reserves of acetylcholine are larger, allowing for sufficient neurotransmitter release and resulting in effective muscle signaling. As the day progresses and the stores of acetylcholine become depleted, muscle function becomes progressively worse. C. In myasthenia gravis the ACh receptors have a hyperaffinity to acetylcholine. After muscle activity, fatigue and weakness occur as fewer unbound receptors are available to bind acetylcholine. D. In the morning, the reserves of ATP are larger, allowing for sufficient acetylcholine release to overcome the unresponsive receptors. However, as the day progresses and stores of ATP become depleted, muscle function becomes progressively worse.
First rib
On which bone does the highlighted muscle insert? A. Sternum B. Clavicle C. Scapula D. First rib
linea aspera
Onto which structure of the femur does the highlighted muscle have an insertion? A. patellar surface B. lateral epicondyle C. linea aspera D. lateral condyle
Mastoid process
Onto which structure of the temporal bone does the highlighted muscle insert? A. Zygomatic process B. Petrous portion C. Mastoid process D. Styloid process
Acetylcholine is released from the axon terminal and diffuses across the synapse to bind to a receptor in the surface of the motor and plate.
Tamara's muscle weakness and fatigue becomes progressively worse over the course of the day. This is a hallmark sign of myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune disorder that affects the ability of a motor neuron to communicate with a muscle fiber. What synaptic events must happen first for excitation to occur? A. The action potential travels down the T tubules in the sacolemma and triggers the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum B. Sodium ions from the extracellular fluid diffuse into the cytosol of the muscle fiber, triggering the generation of an action potential in the sarcolemma C. Calcium binds to tropomyosin, shifting it from the active site on actin, allowing cross-bridge formation to occur as myosin binds to the active site. D. Acetylcholine is released from the axon terminal and diffuses across the synapse to bind to a receptor in the surface of the motor and plate.
cheek
The highlighted muscle acts on which structure of the face? A. eyelid B. nose C. cheek D. lip
2-5
The highlighted muscle flexes the interphalangeal joints of digits ________. A. 1-5 B. 2-5 C. 2 and 3 only D. 3 and 4 only
temporal fossa
The highlighted muscle originates from which of the following structures of the cranium? A. posterior cranial fossa B. medial cranial fossa C. temporal fossa D. anterior cranial fossa
axis
The highlighted muscles originate from which of the following bones? A. occipital B. atlas C. temporal D. axis
Acetylcholinesterase is the enzyme that clears acetylcholine from the synapse. Inhibiting this enzyme will enable acetylcholine to be available for a longer period to bind to receptors.
The injection that dramatically improved Tamara's symptoms was Tensilon, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. What is acetylcholinesterase, and why was this injection effective in relieving Tamara's symptoms? A. Acetylcholinesterase is an acetylcholine antagonist that binds to motor end plate receptors and decreases the permeability of the sarcolemma to sodium. Inhibiting acetylcholinesterase increases the influx of sodium, leading to the generation of action potentials and an improvement in muscle function. B. Acetylcholinesterase is a regulatory enzyme that inhibits the ACh receptors on the motor end plate. Inhibiting acetylcholinesterase improves muscle function because the ACh receptors are temporarily more active. C. Acetylcholinesterase is the enzyme that clears acetylcholine from the synapse. Inhibiting this enzyme will enable acetylcholine to be available for a longer period to bind to receptors. D. Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme that degrades the ACh receptors. When acetylcholinesterase is inhibited, there are more receptors available for acetylcholine to bind, and muscle function improves.
abduction and extension of thumb
What are the actions of the highlighted muscle? A. adduction and flexion of the wrist B. abduction and extension of thumb C. abduction and extension of wrist D. adduction and flexion of thumb
Flexes thigh at the hip
What is an action of the highlighted muscle? A. Abducts thigh at the hip B. Extends thigh at the hip C. Flexes thigh at the hip D. Flexes leg at the knee
Elevation of ribs
What is an action of the highlighted muscle? A. Depression of ribs B. Elevation of ribs C. Thorax expansion D. Compression of intercostal spaces
Extends thigh at hip
What is an action of the highlighted muscle? A. Extends thigh at hip B. Abducts thigh at hip C. Laterally rotates leg at knee D. Extends leg at knee
Depresses hyoid
What is an action of the highlighted muscle? A. Rotates neck B. Elevates hyoid C. Elevates mandible D. Depresses hyoid
depresses rib cage
What is an action of the highlighted muscle? A. compresses abdomen B. laterally rotates scapula C. elevates rib cage D. depresses rib cage
Raises eyebrows
What is the action of the highlighted muscle? A. Opens lips B. Depresses eyebrows C. Closes eyes D. Raises eyebrows
transverse processes of cervical vertebrae.
Where does the highlighted muscle originate? A. transverse processes of cervical vertebrae. B. transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae. C. clavicle. D. ribs 1 and 2
Mandible
Which bone is elevated by the highlighted muscle? A. Maxilla B. Clavicle C. Hyoid D. Mandible
Hyoid
Which bone is highlighted? A. Mandible B. Sternum C. Clavicle D. Hyoid
Gluteus maximus
Which gluteal muscle is highlighted? A. Gluteus maximus B. Gluteus internus C. Gluteus medius D. Gluteus minimus
Abductor digiti minimi
Which muscle is highlighted? A. Abductor digiti minimi B. Adductor digiti minimi C. Palmaris brevis D. abductor pollicis
Iliopsoas
Which muscle is highlighted? A. Adductor longus B. Iliopsoas C. Rectus femoris D. Gracilis
Subcostalis
Which muscle is highlighted? A. Anterior scalene B. Innermost intercostal C. Pectoralis minor D. Subcostalis
Omohyoid (superior belly)
Which muscle is highlighted? A. Depressor anguli oris B. Sternohyoid C. Omohyoid (superior belly) D. Masseter
Mentalis
Which muscle is highlighted? A. Depressor anguli oris B. Stylohyoid C. Mentalis D. Buccinator
Flexor hallucis longus
Which muscle is highlighted? A. Extensor digitorum longus B. Tibialis posterior C. Fibularis longus D. Flexor hallucis longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Which muscle is highlighted? A. Extensor hallucis longus B. Tibialis anterior C. Tibialis posterior D. Extensor digitorum longus
External oblique
Which muscle is highlighted? A. External oblique B. Serratus anterior C. Internal oblique D. Latissimus dorsi
Fibularis longus
Which muscle is highlighted? A. Fibularis brevis B. Extensor digitorum longus C. Tibialis anterior D. Fibularis longus
Gemellus superior
Which muscle is highlighted? A. Gemellus superior B. Gluteus minimus C. Quadratus femoris D. Obturator internus
Gluteus medius
Which muscle is highlighted? A. Gluteus medius B. Piriformis C. Quadratus femoris D. Gluteus minimus
Gracilis
Which muscle is highlighted? A. Gracilis B. Vastus medialis C. Adductor brevis D. Sartorius
Levator Labii Superioris
Which muscle is highlighted? A. Levator Labii Superioris B. Orbicularis Oris C. Depressor anguli oris D. Masseter
Middle scalene
Which muscle is highlighted? A. Omohyoid B. Posterior scalene C. Levator scapulae D. Middle scalene
Popliteus
Which muscle is highlighted? A. Popliteus B. Semitendinosus C. Biceps femoris D. Semimembranosus
piriformis
Which muscle is highlighted? A. Quadratus femoris B. Obturator Internus C. Piriformis D. Gluteus medius
Tensor Fasciae Latae
Which muscle is highlighted? A. Rectus femoris B. Iliopsoas C. Tensor Fasciae Latae D. Vastus lateralis
External oblique
Which muscle is highlighted? A. Rectus sheath B. Internal oblique C. Rectus abdominis D. External oblique
Semimembranosus
Which muscle is highlighted? A. Semitendinosus B. Gluteus maximus C. Biceps femoris D. Semimembranosus
Innermost intercostal
Which muscle is highlighted? A. Subclavius B. Innermost intercostal C. Internal intercostal D. Splenius cervicis
Plantaris
Which muscle is highlighted? A. Tibialis posterior B. Fibularis longus C. Popliteus D. Plantaris
Vastus intermedius
Which muscle is highlighted? A. Vastus intermedius B. Vastus lateralis C. Vastus medialis D. Tensor fasciae latae
flexor digiti minimi brevis
Which muscle is highlighted? A. abductor digiti minimi B. abductor pollicis brevis C. palmaris longus D. flexor digiti minimi brevis
extensor pollicis brevis
Which muscle is highlighted? A. abductor pollicis longus B. extensor pollicis longus C. extensor pollicis brevis D. extensor digiti minimi
brachialis
Which muscle is highlighted? A. coracobrachialis B. brachialis C. biceps brachii, long head D. biceps brachii, short head
platysma
Which muscle is highlighted? A. deltoid B. platysma C. trapezius D. frontalis
extensor carpi radialis longus
Which muscle is highlighted? A. extensor carpi radialis longus B. extensor carpi ulnaris C. abductor pollicis longus D. anconeus
extensor indicis
Which muscle is highlighted? A. extensor digiti minimi B. extensor digitorum C. extensor indicis D. extensor pollicis longus
extensor digiti minimi
Which muscle is highlighted? A. extensor pollicis brevis B. extensor carpi ulnaris C. extensor digitorum D. extensor digiti minimi
depressor anguli oris
Which muscle is highlighted? A. frontalis B. platysma C. depressor anguli oris D. orbicularis oris
epicranius, occipital belly
Which muscle is highlighted? A. galea aponeurotica B. trapezius C. sternocleidomastoid D. epicranius, occipital belly
adductor brevis
Which muscle is highlighted? A. gracilis B. vastus medialis C. adductor brevis D. adductor longus
internal oblique
Which muscle is highlighted? A. internal oblique B. external oblique C. pectoralis major D. rectus abdominis
teres major
Which muscle is highlighted? A. latissimus dorsi B. teres minor C. triceps brachii D. teres major
anterior scalene
Which muscle is highlighted? A. levator scapulae B. pectoralis minor C. anterior scalene D. sternocleidomastoid
long head of biceps brachii
Which muscle is highlighted? A. long head of biceps brachii B. short head of biceps brachii C. brachialis D. coracobrachialis
1st dorsal interosseous
Which muscle is highlighted? A. lumbrical B. 1st dorsal interosseous C. extensor digitorum D. 2nd dorsal interosseus
zygomaticus major
Which muscle is highlighted? A. masseter B. zygomaticus major C. levator labii superioris D. digastric
sternohyoid
Which muscle is highlighted? A. omohyoid B. mylohyoid C. sternohyoid D. sternocleidomastoid
digastric
Which muscle is highlighted? A. omohyoid B. sternohyoid C. thyrohyoid D. digastric
thyrohyoid
Which muscle is highlighted? A. omohyoid B. thyrohyoid C. sternohyoid D. middle scalene
opponens pollicis
Which muscle is highlighted? A. opponens pollicis B. flexor pollicis brevis C. abductor digiti minimi D. opponens digiti minimi
anterior scalene
Which muscle is highlighted? A. posterior scalene B. anterior scalene C. omohyoid D. splenius capitis
flexor carpi ulnaris
Which muscle is highlighted? A. pronator quadratus B. flexor carpi ulnaris C. flexor pollicis longus D. flexor digitorum superficialis
pronator quadratus
Which muscle is highlighted? A. pronator quadratus B. flexor digitorum profundus C. pronator teres D. flexor pollicis longus
biceps femoris, long head
Which muscle is highlighted? A. semitendinosus B. biceps femoris, long head C. semimembranosus D. biceps femoris, short head
posterior scalene
Which muscle is highlighted? A. sternothyroid B. levator scapulae C. anterior scalene D. posterior scalene
Tibialis posterior
Which muscle tendon is highlighted? A. Tibialis anterior B. Tibialis posterior C. Flexor digitorum longus D. Gastrocnemius
Obliquus capitis inferior
Which muscles are highlighted? A. Levator scapula B. Obliquus capitis superior C. Semispinalis capitis D. Obliquus capitis inferior
Rectus capitis posterior major
Which muscles are highlighted? A. Obiquus capitis superior B. Rectus capitis posterior major C. Rectus capitis posterior minor D. Obliquus capitis inferior
iliocostalis thoracis
Which muscles are highlighted? A. Spinalis thoracis B. Splenius capitis C. longissimus thoracis D. iliocostalis thoracis
extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
Which muscles are highlighted? A. abductor and adductor pollicis longus B. extensor pollicis longus and brevis C. flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus D. extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
levator scapulae
Which muscles are highlighted? A. levator scapulae B. infraspinatus C. teres major D. serratus anterior
spinalis
Which muscles are highlighted? A. longissimus B. obliquus capitis superior C. spinalis D. splenius capitis
semispinalis cervicis
Which muscles are highlighted? A. semispinalis cervicis B. levator scapula C. obliquus capitis superior D. semispinalis thoracis
radial
Which nerve innervates the highlighted muscle? A. radial B. axillary C. median D. ulnar
During peak activity levels, glycolysis is the only pathway by which ATP can be produced to supply energy to the muscle.
Which of the following is a way that muscle fibers get energy needed for contraction? A. Because energy demands are low in a resting muscle, a resting muscle is able to meet its ATP requirement through glycolysis. B. During moderate exercise, such as jogging on the treadmill, pyruvate and hydrogen ions accumulate causing muscle fatigue. C. During peak activity levels, glycolysis is the only pathway by which ATP can be produced to supply energy to the muscle. D. When a muscle is contracting during peak activity, it quickly uses up stored creatine phosphate which was produced during moderate exercise. E. Aerobic exercise is beneficial to a muscle because it increases the muscle's ability to acquire greater amounts of glucose from the blood for ATP production.
Plantar flexion of the foot
Which of the following is an action of the highlighted muscle? A. Eversion of the foot B. Plantar flexion of the foot C. Dorsiflexion of the foot D. Inversion of the foot
coracoid process of the scapula
Which of the following is an origin of the highlighted muscle? A. medial border of the scapula B. acromion of the scapula C. lateral border of the scapula D. coracoid process of the scapula
deltoid
Which of the following muscles originates on the highlighted bone? A. pectoralis minor B. trapezius C. serratus anterior D. deltoid
Umbilicus
Which structure is highlighted? A. Rectus sheath B. Inquinal ligament C. External oblique aponeurosis D. Umbilicus
bicipital aponeurosis
Which structure is highlighted? A. anconeus muscle B. palmaris longus muscle C. flexor retinaculum D. bicipital aponeurosis
extensor retinaculum
Which structure is highlighted? A. flexor retinaculum B. supinator muscle C. anconeus muscle D. extensor retinaculum
ribs and costal cartilage
Which structure is highlighted? A. internal oblique muscle B. sternum C. ribs and costal cartilage D. external intercostal muscle
iliac crest
Which structure is highlighted? A. medial border of scapula B. iliac crest C. rib D. sacrum
Costal cartilages of ribs 1-5.
Which structures are highlighted? A. External intercostal muscles. B. Internal intercostal muscles. C. Costal cartilages of ribs 1-5. D. Costal cartilages
Spinous processes
Which structures are highlighted? A. Iliac crests B. Spinous processes C. Transverse processes D. Thoracolumbar aponeurosis muscles
cephalic
Which vein is highlighted? A. subclavian B. superior vena cava C. cephalic D. brachiocephalic