Lab Final Study Guide - HW Questions

Spinal nerves are...

both sensory and motor

Which glial cells are found only in the PNS? a) oligodendrocytes b) ependymal cells c) Schwann cells d) microglia

c) Schwann cells

Which of the following is an effect of parasympathetic activation? a) release of lipids by adipose tissue b) acceleration of glycogen breakdown in liver cells c) constriction of the pupils d) increased activity in the cardiovascular and respiratory centers of the pons and medulla oblongata

c) constriction of the pupils

Divisions of the cerebral hemispheres that are named after the overlying skull bones are... a) sinuses b) sulci c) lobes d) fissures e) gyri

c) lobes

The control of heart rate and blood pressure is based in the... a) cerebellum b) cerebrum c) medulla oblongata d) diencephalon e) heart

c) medulla oblongata

Gustatory receptors are clustered in taste buds with all of the following papillae except....

filiform

The _________ is a strand of fibrous tissue that provides longitudinal support as a component of the coccygeal ligament.

filum terminale

Some neural tissues retain stem cells and thus the capacity to divide and replace lost neurons. Which of these special senses can replace its damaged neural receptors?

olfaction

Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribiform plate, they synapse on neurons in the...

olfactory bulb

The olfactory organ consists of the ______________ and the lamina propria.

olfactory epithelium

Which of the following are components of the lamina propria of the olfactory organ?

olfactory glands, blood vessels, areolar tissue, nerves (all of the above)

The function of gustatory receptors parallels that of....

olfactory receptors

Gustatory receptors are located...

on the surface of the tongue

What occurs when the head is in the normal, upright position?

otoliths push the hair cell processes down

The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains....

axons of motor neurons

The dorsal root of a spinal nerve contains...

axons of sensory neurons

Cortical regions that interpret sensory information or coordinate motor responses are called ________ areas. a) sensory b) association c) commissural d) processing e) somesthetic

b) association

Most vital organs receive ____________ innervation. That is, they receive input from both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. a) complementary b) dual c) opposing

b) dual

Functionally, what is the sympathetic effect on the liver? a) secretion of renin b) glucose synthesis and release c) glycogen synthesis d) lipolysis, fatty acid release

b) glucose synthesis and release

Which functional region of the cerebral cortex is located in the insula? a) general interpretive area b) gustatory cortex c) primary visual cortex d) frontal eye field

b) gustatory cortex

The primary motor cortex is the surface of the... a) arcuate gyrus b) precentral gyrus c) insula d) postcentral gyrus e) corpus callosum

b) precentral gyrus

Which of the following is not one of the main divisions of the adult brain? a) cerebrum b) prosencephalon c) pons d) diencephalon e) midbrain

b) prosencephalon

Each peripheral nerve provides _________ innervation to peripheral structures.

.motor and sensory

A typical gustatory cell survives only for about _______ before it is replaced.

10 days

Axons leaving the olfactory epithelium collect into _____ or more bundles that penetrate the cribriform plate the ethmoid.

20

An adult has approximately __________ taste buds.

5000

In which of the following would the delay between a stimulus and response be greater?

a polysynaptic reflex

Oligodendrocytes: a) are the myelin-producing glial cells in the CNS b) maintain the blood-brain barrier c) assist in producing, circulating, and monitoring the CSF d) are the myelin-producing glial cells in the PNS

a) are the myelin-producing glial cells in the CNS

The cells that cover the outer surfaces of CNS capillaries cells are the... a) astrocytes b) lymphocytes c) microglia d) leukocytes e) monocytes

a) astrocytes

Dual innervation refers to an organ receiving... a) both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation b) both autonomic and somatomotor nerves c) two nerves from the spinal cord d) nerves from both the brain and the spinal cord e) two nerves from the spinal cord and both autonomic and somatomotor nerves

a) both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation

The dorsal root ganglia mainly contain... a) cell bodies of sensory neurons b) axons of motor neurons c) axons of sensory neurons d) synapses e) cell bodies of motor neurons

a) cell bodies of sensory neurons

Which structure is a thick tract of white matter that interconnects the two cerebral hemispheres? a) corpus callosum b) septum pellucidum c) interventricular foramen d) thalamus

a) corpus callosum

The integrative centers for autonomic activity are located in the... a) hypothalamus b) cerebrum c) medulla oblongata d) thalamus e) pons

a) hypothalamus

Autonomic centers that control blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion are located in the... a) medulla oblongata b) cerebellum c) midbrain d) pons e) diencephalon

a) medulla oblongata

The most common neurons in the CNS, including the motor neurons that control skeletal muscles, are: a) multipolar neurons b) unipolar neurons c) anaxonic neurons d) bipolar neurons

a) multipolar neurons

The visual cortex is located in the... a) occipital lobe b) frontal lobe c) insula d) temporal lobe e) parietal lobe

a) occipital lobe

Regarding the dual autonomic innervation of the heart: a) parasympathetic effects predominate at rest b) decreased parasympathetic stimulation lowers the heart rate c) sympathetic stimulation decreases the heart rate e) increased sympathetic stimulation combined with parasympathetic inhibition results in a decrease in heart rate

a) parasympathetic effects predominate the rest

In general, autonomic tone of peripheral blood vessels increases when... a) sympathetic stimulation is increased b) parasympathetic stimulation is increased c) sympathetic stimulation is decreased d) somatomotor stimulation is increased e) parasympathetic stimulation is decreased

a) sympathetic stimulation is increased

The Roman numeral V indicates the ______ nerve. a) trigeminal b) vestibulocochlear c) abduces d) trochlear e) oculomotor

a) trigeminal

When does the activation of motor neuron occur in a stretch reflex?

after information processing in the CNS.

Of the spinal meninges, the middle one is the...

arachnoid mater

The rubrospinal tract: a) contains the axons of the upper motor neurons in the reticular formation b) carries sensory information from the inner ear about the position and movement of the head c) provides motor control over distal muscles of the upper limbs d) directs reflexive change in the position of the head, neck, and upper limbs in response to bright lights, sudden movements, or loud noises

c) provides motor control over distal muscles of the upper limbs

Which clinical condition is directly related to retrograde flow of pathogens in peripheral axons? a) multiple sclerosis b) cerebral palsy c) rabies d) ALS

c) rabies

The auditory cortex is located in the... a) occipital lobe b) parietal lobe c) temporal lobe d) frontal lobe e) insula

c) temporal lobe

Most sensory neurons of the PNS are of which type? a) anaxonic neurons b) multipolar neurons c) unipolar neurons d) bipolar neurons

c) unipolar neurons

_________ are chambers within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid. a) lobes b) nuclei c) ventricles d) gyri e) fissures

c) ventricles

The dorsal and ventral roots of spinal segments L2 to S5 and the filum terminale together for a complex called the....

cauda equina

The sensory neurons within the olfactory organ are stimulated by _________ in the air.

chemicals

The largest numbers of taste buds in adults are associated with the....

circumvallate papillae

Olfactory glands....

coat the olfactory epithelium with a pigmented mucus.

There are _________ pairs of cranial nerves. a) 2 b) 31 c) 6 d) 12 e) 22

d) 12

A person is confronted by a dangerous dog. His heart begins to race and beat strongly, his pupils dilate, and his hairs stand up. These signs are the result of... a) sympathetic activation b) increased activity of autonomic centers in the hypothalamus c) increased levels of epinephrine in the blood d) all of the answers are correct

d) all of the answers are correct

The parasympathetic nervous system is especially active during which physiological state? a) exertion b) stress c) trauma d) digestion e) all of the answers are correct

d) digestion

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): a) is produced by the arachnoid granulations b) is produced at a rate of 3000 mL/day c) has a total volume of 500 mL at any moment d) has its entire volume replaced roughly every 8 hours

d) has its entire volume replaced roughly every 8 hours

The cerebral area posterior to the central sulcus is the... a) occipital lobe b) insula c) temporal lobe d) parietal lobe e) frontal lobe

d) parietal lobe

All of the following are a function of the hypothalamus except... a) controlling autonomic centers b) regulating body temperature c) coordinating the day-night cycles of activity/inactivity d) projecting visual information to the visual cortex e) secreting hormones

d) projecting visual information to the visual cortex

Which of the following is an effect of sympathetic activation? a) stimulation and coordination of defecation b) constriction of the respiratory passageways c) change in blood flow and glandular activity associated with sexual arousal d) stimulation of the medial and lateral pathways associated with a general elevation in muscle tone

d) stimulation of the medial and lateral pathways associated with a general elevation in muscle tone

Which of the following is a characteristic of phasic receptors? a) their rate of action-potential generation changes according to when the stimulus increases/decreases b) they are always active c) they generate action potentials at a frequency that reflects the background level of stimulation d) they are normally inactive, but become active for a short time in response to a change in the conditions they are monitoring

d) they are normally inactive, but become active for a short time in response to a change in the conditions they are monitoring

During sympathetic activation, __________ occurs. a) elevated blood glucose b) elevated heart rate c) elevated blood pressure d) sweating e) all of the answers are correct

e) all of the answers are correct

Integrative centers concerned with the performance of complex processes are restricted to either the left or the right hemisphere. These complex processes include... a) mathematical computation b) understanding spatial relationships c) writing d) speech e) all of the answers are correct

e) all of the answers are correct

Which of the following would lead to increased heart rate? a) increased parasympathetic input b) increased sympathetic input c) decreased parasympathetic input d) decreased sympathetic input e) both increased sympathetic input and decreased parasympathetic input

e) both increased sympathetic input and decreased parasympathetic input

Parasympathetic stimulation... a) causes blood vessels in the skin to dilate b) causes the pupils to dilate c) increases heart rate d) causes sweat glands to secrete e) increases gastric motility

e) increases gastric motility

The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the... a) postcentral sulcus b) parieto-occipital sulcus c) central sulcus d) transverse fissure e) longitudinal fissure

e) longitudinal fissure

The region(s) of the cerebral cortex superior to the lateral sulcus is the... a) parietal lobe b) temporal lobe c) frontal lobe d) occipital lobe e) parietal lobe and the frontal lobe

e) parietal lobe and the frontal lobe

What contains a spider web-like network of cells and fibers through which cerebrospinal fluid flows? a) pia mater b) dural sinus c) subdural space d) falx cerebri e) subarachnoid space

e) subarachnoid space

Difficulty swallowing may be a sign of damage to which cranial nerves? a) trochlear b) facial c) vagus d) glossopharyngeal e) vagus and glossopharyngeal

e) vagus and glossopharyngeal

The sense of taste is also known as ...

gustation

All of the following compose the epithelial projections found on the tongue except...

gustatory papillae

Which of the following monitors body position and motion?

hair cells of the vestibule and semicircular ducts

All of the following are parts of a monosynaptic reflex arc except...

interneuron.

The stretch reflex...

is important in regulating muscle length.

Each gustatory cell extends ________ (or taste hairs) into the surround fluids through a narrow taste pore.

microvilli

The specialized membranes that surround the spinal cord are termed the...

spinal meninges