leadership
servant leader
a leader who has a strong desire to serve and work for the benefits of others
position power
amount of legitimate, reward, and coercive power that a leader has by virtue of his or her position in an organization
charismatic leader
an enthusiastic, self-confident transformational leader able to clearly communicate his vision of how good things could be. being excited and clearly communicating excitement to subordinates. openly sharing information with employees so that everyone is away of problems and the need for change
leader
an individual who is able to exert influence over other people to help achieve group or organizational goals
intellectual stimulation
behavior a leader engages in to make followers be aware of problems and view these problems in new ways, consistent with the leader's vision
consideration
behavior indicating that a manager trusts, respects, and cares about subordinates
initiating structure
behavior that managers engage in to ensure that work gets done, subordinates perform their jobs acceptably, and the organization in efficient and effective
leadership substitute
characteristic of subordinate or of a situation or context that acts in place of the influence of a leader and makes leadership unnecessary
Fiedler's model
effective leadership is contingent on both the characteristics of the leader and of the situation. leader style is a manager's characteristic approach to leadership
supportive behavior
expressing concern for subordinates and looking out for their best interests
leader-member relations
extent to which followers like, trust, and are loyal to their leader
task structure
extent to which the work to be performed is clear-cut so that a leader's subordinates know what needs to be accomplished and how to go about doing i t
trait model
focused on identifying personal characteristics that cause effective leadership. many "traits" are the result skills and knowledge and effective leaders do not necessarily possess all of these traits
participative behavior
give subordinates a say in matters and decisions that affect them
behavior model
identifies the two basic types of behavior that many leaders engaged in to influence their subordinates. consideration, initiating structure
relationship-oriented style
leaders concerned with developing good relations with their subordinates and to be liked by them
task-oriented style
leaders whose primary concern is to ensure that subordinates perform at a high level so the job gets done
transactional leaders
leadership that motivates subordinates by rewarding them for high performance and reprimanding for low performance
developmental consideration
manager supports and encourages subordinates, giving them opportunities to enhance their skills and capabilities and to grow and excel on the job
referent power
power that comes from subordinates' and coworkers' respect, admiration, and loyalty. possessed by managers who are likable and whom subordinates wish to use as a role model
expert power
power that is based on special knowledge, skills, and expertise that the leader possesses. tends to be used in a guiding or coaching manner
achievement-oriented behavior
setting challenging goals, expecting that they be met, and believing in subordinates' capabilities
directive behaviors
setting goals, assigning tasks, showing subordinates how to complete tasks, and taking concrete steps to improve performance
reward power
the ability of a manager to give or withhold tangible and intangible rewards
coercive power
the ability of a manager to punish others. limited in effectiveness and application; can have negative side effects. ex: verbal reprimand, pay cuts, and dismissal
legitimate power
the authority that a manager has by virtue of his or her position in the firm
leadership
the process by which a person exerts influence over others and inspires, motivates and directs their activities to achieve group or organizational goals
empowerment
the process of giving employees at all levels in the organization the authority to make decisions, be responsible for their outcomes,, improves quality, and cut costs
personal leadership style
the specific ways in which a manager chooses to influence others. Shapes the way the manager approaches the other principal tasks of management
contingency models
whether or nota manger is an effective leader is the result of the interplay between what the manager is like, what he does, and the situation in which leadership takes place