Leadership Final

1. a leadership role that provides advice, guidance, and support to other people and departments in the organization. 2. a leader who tends to centralize authority and derive power from position, control of rewards, and coercion. 3. a leader who delegates authority to others, encourages participation, relies on subordinates' knowledge for completion of tasks, and depends on subordinate respect for influence. 4. the extent to which a leader is sensitive to subordinates, respects their ideas and feelings, and establishes mutual trust 5. the extent to which a leader is task oriented and directs subordinates' work activities toward goal achievement. 6. a leadership behavior that displays a focus on the human needs of subordinates. 7. leadership behavior in which leaders direct activities toward efficiency, cost-cutting, and scheduling, with an emphasis on goals and work facilitation. 8. a theory based on the notion that a leader develops a unique relationship with each subordinate or group member, which determines how the leader behaves toward the member and how the member responds to the leader. 9. a model of individualized leadership that argues for the importance of the dyad formed by a leader with each member of the group. 10. individualized leadership model that explores how leader-member relationships develop over time and how the quality of exchange relationships affects outcomes.

Advisory role Autocratic Democratic Consideration Initiating Employee-centered Job-centered Individualized leadership Vertical dyad linkage (VDL) Leader-member exchange (LMX)This answer is correct.

In Leadership Era 2, _____ of leadership worked because leaders could analyze their situation and develop careful plans a. relational theories b. trait theories c. influence theories d. behavior theories

Behavior theories

Which of the following is an example of task-oriented leader behavior? a. Checking the progress and quality of work b. Showing acceptance and compassion c. Acknowledging accomplishments d. Giving time and encouragement

Checking the progress and quality of work

Linda heads the proofreading team of Ink Heart Pvt. Ltd., a publishing firm. She wants to align her followers toward the main objectives of the organization. Which of the following strategies should Linda apply? a. Organize a structure to accomplish the plan. b. Direct employees and monitor implementation of plans. c. Staff an organizational structure with employees. d. Communicate the vision and develop a shared culture.

Communicate the vision and develop a shared culture.

Which of the following is an important characteristic of organizations during Leadership Era 3? a. Functional management b. Pre-bureaucratic organization c. Cross-functional teams d. High-performance culture

Cross-functional teams

Erica, a team manager, was known for heading projects with diligence and conscientiousness. However, she was insensitive and excessively ambitious. She did not take feedback in a constructive manner. This prevented her from advancing in her career because she had problems motivating and communicating with her team members. In the context of the given scenario, which of the following phenomena does Erica experience? a. Fear-based motivation b. Communication apprehension c. Paradigm change d. Derailment

Derailment

Which of the following is an example of initiating structure behavior of leaders? a. Listening carefully to problems b. Seeking input from subordinates c. Directing tasks d. Showing appreciation

Directing tasks

Which of the following is an example of people-oriented leader behavior? a. Displaying trust b. Setting performance expectations c. Evaluating performance d. Planning use of resources

Displaying trust

True or False: People excel in life by fixing their weaknesses, not by maximizing their strengths.

False

Which of the following is an example of stereotyping? a. Fiona believes that her subordinates can work on weekends as she generally works on weekends. b. Fiona judges that her subordinate performed poorly due to lack of concentration and incompetence. c. Fiona assumes that a subordinate is a proficient employee as he or she has good people skills. d. Fiona assumes that an elderly employee will not be able to adapt to modern technology.

Fiona assumes that an elderly employee will not be able to adapt to modern technology.

The belief that leaders were born with certain natural abilities of power and influence characterizes the _____ of leadership. a. influence theories b. behavior theories c. contingency theories d. Great Man theories

Great Man theories

Which of the following is a personal quality of leaders? a. Emotional distance b. Insight into organization c. Conformity d. Humility

Humility

Which of the following statements is true of honesty? a. It helps leaders interpret situations in more conservative ways. b. It includes a complete set of skills and characteristics to handle any problem. c. It refers to high motivation that creates a high effort level by a leader. d. It implies an openness that followers welcome.

It implies an openness that followers welcome.

Which of the following statements is true of self-confidence? a. It causes one to become jaded and pessimistic. b. It includes knowing and trusting in oneself. c. It includes being arrogant and prideful. d. It involves managing competing points of view.

It includes knowing and trusting in oneself

Which of the following statements is true of individualized leadership? a. It adopts a general leadership style that is used with all group members. b. It conceptualizes leadership as a single great individual who can put everything together and influence others to follow along. c. It looks at the specific relationship between a leader and each individual follower. d. It holds that leaders have particular traits that distinguish them from non-leaders.

It looks at the specific relationship between a leader and each individual follower.

Identify the appropriate step that should be taken by a leader to work more effectively with different personality types. a. Shun people who tend to be gloomy and pessimistic. b. Keep people focused on high performance. c. Ignore the different facets of one's personality. d. Show frustration when dealing with difficult people.

Keep people focused on high performance.

Which of the following statements is an outdated stereotype about leaders? a. Leaders should not commit to something outside their own self-interest b. Leaders are different and above others. c. Leaders do not need followers. d. All leaders are sometimes followers as well.

Leaders are different and above others.

Which of the following is a difference between leader behavior toward out-group members and in-group members? a. Leaders assign interesting assignments to out-group subordinates, whereas leaders assign primarily routine jobs to in-group subordinates and monitor their work closely. b. Leaders listen to suggestions and ideas given by in-group subordinates, whereas little interest is shown in comments and suggestions given by out-group subordinates. c. Leaders usually impose their views on out-group subordinates, whereas leaders sometimes defer to in-group subordinates' opinions. d. Leaders give specific directives for how to accomplish tasks and attain goals to in-group subordinates whereas leaders trust out-group subordinates to use their own approaches in solving problems.

Leaders listen to suggestions and ideas given by in-group subordinates, whereas little interest is shown in comments and suggestions given by out-group subordinates.

Which of the following statements is true of drive? a. Drive is the foundation of trust between leaders and followers. b. Drive refers to truthfulness and nondeception. c. Leaders with drive tend to be less ambitious. d. Leaders with drive seek achievement and have energy.

Leaders with drive seek achievement and have energy.

Briefly explain the importance of studying leadership.

Leadership Is important to study because it can be very helpful for future references. Leadership jobs may become available and being able to be a great leader can help you excel in your career. It would be very intelligent to study leadership because of the opportunities you can achieve.

Identify the correct statement regarding leadership a. Leadership involves unidirectional influence. b. Leadership involves maintaining the status quo c. Leadership involves noncoercive influence. d. Leadership involves administrative paperwork.

Leadership involves noncoercive influence.

Wilma supervises the mutual funds team of Verdana Pvt. Ltd. She listens to the needs and opinions of her subordinates and does not believe in simply giving orders. She understands and accepts others when they do not share a certain mindset. She readily admits her mistakes and doubts, Which of the following qualities of Wilma is depicted in this scenario? a. Conformist qualities b. Controlling qualities c. Leadership qualities d. Management qualities

Leadership qualities

Which of the following statements is true of working with different personality types? a. Personality differences can make the life of a leader interesting. b. People do not like to be accepted and appreciated for who they are. c. People take on behavior patterns based on their personalities. d. Leaders should show their frustration to keep different personality types focused.

Personality differences can make the life of a leader interesting.

Which of the following is an example of consideration behavior of leaders? a. Directing tasks and planning b. Getting people to work hard and ruling with an iron hand c. Seeking input from subordinates regarding important decisions d. Providing explicit schedules for work activities

Seeking input from subordinates regarding important decisions

Which of the following statements is true of self-awareness? a. Self-awareness involves the ability to emotionally evaluate one's own worth. b. Self-awareness means the set of unseen characteristics and processes that underlie a person. c. Self-awareness means the ability to behave in a uniform manner in response to situational cues. d. Self-awareness involves appreciating how one's patterns affect other people.

Self-awareness involves appreciating how one's patterns affect other people.

Which of the following statements is true of talents? a. Talents include having a complete set of skills and abilities to handle any problem. b. Talents can be turned into strengths by consciously enhancing them. c. Talents arise from natural strengths. d. Talents are not mere aspects of one's potential.

Talents can be turned into strengths by consciously enhancing them.

Which of the following is an assumption of Theory X? a. The capacity to exercise a relatively high degree of imagination in the solution of organizational problems is widely, not narrowly, distributed in the population. b. Under the conditions of modern industrial life, the intellectual potentialities of the average human being are only partially utilized. c. The expenditure of physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play or rest and the average human being does not inherently dislike work. d. The average human being prefers to be directed, wishes to avoid responsibility, has relatively little ambition, and wants security above all.

The average human being prefers to be directed, wishes to avoid responsibility, has relatively little ambition, and wants security above all.

Which of the following statements is true of end values? a. They are beliefs about the kinds of goals or outcomes that are worth trying to pursue. b. They are beliefs about the types of behavior that are appropriate for reaching goals. c. They include such things as being helpful to others, being honest, or exhibiting courage. d. They tend to fall into two categories of morality and competence.

They are beliefs about the kinds of goals or outcomes that are worth trying to pursue.

Which of the following is a characteristic of new paradigm leaders? a. They are heroes. b. They are controllers. c. They are diversity avoiders. d. They are competitors.

They are competitive

Which of the following is a characteristic of entrepreneurial leaders? a. They are concerned with innovation and creativity. b. They are unable to focus on long-term results. c. They are unwilling to learn new skills. d. They tend to be dependent on their followers.

They are concerned with innovation and creativity.

Which of the following statements is true of entrepreneurial leaders? a. They want everything to stay the same. b. They refrain from taking up new opportunities. c. They stay away from risks and are unwilling to stretch themselves. d. They are dissatisfied with the present.

They are dissatisfied with the present.

Which of the following is a characteristic of new paradigm leaders a. They are stabilizers. b. They are diversity avoiders. c. They are humble. d. They are competitive.

They are humble.

Which of the following statements is true of leaders who subscribe to the assumptions of Theory Y? a. They do not believe that people will seek out greater responsibility and will exercise imagination and creativity. b. They believe that the average human being prefers to be directed and wishes to avoid responsibility. c. They believe that the average human being has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it if possible. d. They do not believe people have to be coerced and controlled in order to perform effectively.

They do not believe people have to be coerced and controlled in order to perform effectively.

Which of the following is a characteristic of collaborative leaders? a. They are responsible for developing broad organizational capabilities. b. They don't have the strong position power of the collaborative role. c. They provide guidance and support to other people and departments in the organization. d. They need high self-confidence and tend to be assertive.

They don't have the strong position power of the collaborative role.

Which of the following is a quality of managers? a. They invest in people instead of investing in goods. b. They have expert minds rather than open minds. c. They create vision and strategy instead of planning and budgeting. d. They use personal influence instead of the power of their position.

They have expert minds rather than open minds.

Which of the following statements is true of people involved in the leadership relationship? a. They use coercion to bring about change. b. They seek changes dictated by leaders. c. They share a passive relationship. d. They intentionally desire significant changes.

They intentionally desire significant changes.

Which of the following statements is true of leaders who work collaboratively? a. They hoard power rather than share it. b. They encourage internal competition and aggressiveness. c. They wield their authority rather than using influence. d. They learn to keep the lines of communication open.

They learn to keep the lines of communication open.

Which of the following is a characteristic of advisory leaders? a. They possess the ability to influence others through communication, knowledge, and personal persuasion. b. They are responsible for accomplishing specific business results rather than developing broad organizational capabilities. c. They lack an exceptionally high level of integrity and honesty. d. They typically do not have the strong position power of the collaborative role.

They possess the ability to influence others through communication, knowledge, and personal persuasion.

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) assessment, which of the following statements is true of the feeling types? a. They tend to be very objective in decision making. b. They tend to rely more on their values. c. They tend to rely more on logic. d. They tend to enjoy ambiguity and dislike deadlines.

They tend to rely more on their values.

Match the following terms with the proper definition 1. the distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader, such as intelligence, honesty, self-confidence, and appearance. 2. a leadership perspective that sought to identify the inherited traits leaders possessed that distinguished them from people who were not leaders. 3. a tendency to see the positive side of things and expect that things will turn out well. 4. assurance in one's own judgments, decision making, ideas, and capabilities. 5. truthfulness and nondeception. 6. the quality of being whole and integrated and acting in accordance with solid ethical principles. 7. high motivation that creates a high effort level by a leader. 8. a natural talent or ability that has been supported and reinforced with learned knowledge and skills. 9. a vertically oriented leadership role in which an executive has direct control over people and resources and the position power to accomplish results. 10. a horizontal leadership role (such as team leader) in which the leader often works behind the scenes and uses personal power to influence others and get things done.

Traits Great Man approach. Optimism Self-confidence Honesty Integrity Drive Strength Operational Collaborative role

True or False: A few traits typically considered highly important for leadership are optimism, self-confidence, honesty and integrity, and drive.

True

True or False: Leaders at all levels need some degree of optimism to see possibilities and rally people around a vision for a better tomorrow.

True

True or False: Self-confidence doesn't mean being arrogant and prideful but rather knowing and trusting in oneself.

True

Which of the following statements is true of uniformity in organizations? a. Homogenous groups find it challenging to communicate with one another. b. It is encouraged in the new paradigm of leadership. c. People with similar job skills are placed in separate departments. d. Uniform thinking can be a disaster in a multinational and diverse world.

Uniform thinking can be a disaster in a multinational and diverse world.

Conscientiousness refers to the degree to which a person is responsible, dependable, persistent, and _____. a. achievement oriented b. emotionally stable c. adaptable d. compassionate

achievement oriented

Norman heads the animation team of Progress Inc. When one of his subordinates failed to execute a task properly, he said that his subordinate was not provided with enough resources to take care of the quality assurance after production. This judgment made by Norman is an instance of _____. a. the self-serving bias b. an external attribution c. perceptual defense d. the fundamental attribution error

an external attribution

Gilbert heads the accounts team of HFC Inc. He received negative feedback from his clients about one of the projects that he managed. He held his subordinates responsible as he felt that they were inefficient and worked carelessly. The judgment made by Gilbert is an example of _____. a. a self-serving bias b. an internal attribution c. perceptual defense d. the halo effect

an internal attribution

The left hemisphere of the brain is associated with _____. a. values-based thought processes b. intuitive processes c. analytical thinking d. creative thinking

analytical thinking

According to Herrmann's whole brain concept, leaders who rely heavily on quadrant-C thinking: a. focus on tasks and activities. b. are highly traditional. c. like certainty. d. are friendly, trusting, and empathetic.

are friendly, trusting, and empathetic.

According to the Leadership Grid, _____ occurs when primary emphasis is given to people rather than to work outputs. a. team management b. country club management c. middle-of-the-road management d. authority-compliance management

country club management

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) assessment, people with a perceiving preference: a. dislike deadlines. b. enjoy having goals. c. like certainty. d. like closure.

dislike deadlines.

Leaders who are drawn to new opportunities, are action oriented, and are more concerned with innovation, creativity, and creating new processes than with maintaining the status quo are known as: a. entrepreneurial leaders. b. advisory leaders. c. autocratic leaders. d. traditional leaders.

entrepreneurial leaders.

Management focuses on getting the most results out of people so that: a. followers can be motivated through purpose rather than rewards or punishments. b. goods and services are provided to customers in a timely manner. c. the relationship with followers can be based on personal influence and trust. d. a shared culture and set of core values that can lead to the desired future state is developed.

goods and services are provided to customers in a timely manner.

Anna works as a sales executive. She has difficulty meeting her productivity targets, but she has high readiness levels and her work exceeds quality standards. However, her manager considers her to be a poor performer due to her issue with productivity. In the given scenario, the manager's evaluation of Anna's performance is an example of the _____. a. self-serving bias b. perceptual defense c. halo effect d. fundamental attribution error

halo effect

Steve leads the administrative department of Mayo Pvt. Ltd. He encourages people to perform to their maximum potential by providing support and regular feedback. He ensures that the opinions of his team members are considered before a decision is made. He does not believe in rigidity and inviolate procedures. In the context of the given scenario, Steve holds that: a. tangible assets form the financial basis of today's economy. b. human capital is more important than financial capital. c. wealthy employees should be given more power. d. people at the bottom of the organizational hierarchy should have no power.

human capital is more important than financial capital.

Charismatic leadership is a part of the _____ of leadership. a. contingency theories b. influence theories c. behavioral theories d. trait theories

influence theories

An important aspect of leadership is: a. maintaining a passive relationship with followers. b. dictating changes required in an organization. c. influencing others to come together around a common vision. d. maintaining the status quo and not creating change.

influencing others to come together around a common vision.

The right hemisphere of the brain is associated with: a. routine processes. b. analytical thinking. c. intuitive thought processes. d. a linear approach to problem solving.

intuitive thought processes.

Someone who scores high on agreeableness: a. tends to become anxious or tense. b. is cold and insensitive c. likes to be in control and have influence over others. d. is good-natured and cooperative.

is good-natured and cooperative.

Attempts to achieve collaboration, empowerment, and diversity can succeed only if: a. leaders intentionally practice and apply new paradigm principles. b. leaders hire people who think and work alike. c. managers want to treat people the way they treat machines or the bottom line. d. leaders follow the principles and practices of the industrial era.

leaders intentionally practice and apply new paradigm principles.

Managers and leaders are different because: a. managers maintain stability while leaders promote change b. managers promote nonconformity while leaders promote conformity. c. managers maximize opportunities while leaders minimize risk for sure results. d. managers invest in people while leaders invest in goods.

managers maintain stability while leaders promote change.

Level 5 leaders have: a. a strong drive for personal success. b. No responsibility for their company's success. c. the ability to meet all challenges without assistance. d. no need for the limelight.

no need for the limelight.

Helen, the operations head of an organization, received a complaint stating that one of the managers was regularly harassing his subordinates. Instead of taking action, she neglected the issue as she had high regard for the manager. She was sure that the allegations against the manager were not true. In the given scenario, the assumption made by Helen is an example of _____. a. projection b. the halo effect c. stereotyping d. perceptual defense

perceptual defense

Victoria, an advertising manager, works effectively when dealing with routine and well-defined tasks, but she is not very good with tasks that require creativity. Hence, she assumes that her subordinates also have difficulty being creative. In the given scenario, Victoria's assumption is an example of _____. a. the halo effect b. self-serving bias c. perceptual defense d. projection

projection

Laurel, the manager of a software company, assumes that the male employees in her organization are more creative and innovative than the female employees in her organization. In the given scenario, Laurel's assumption is known as _____. a. stereotyping b. attribution c. projection d. perceptual defense

stereotyping

It becomes easier for people to see their own opportunities for leadership when they: a. understand that the concept of leadership cannot continue to develop. b. start seeing leaders as individuals who are above others. c. comprehend that leadership involves maintaining the status quo. d. stop equating leadership with greatness and public visibility.

stop equating leadership with greatness and public visibility.

When evaluating others, many people underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors. This tendency is known as _____. a. perceptual defense b. the halo effect c. stereotyping d. the fundamental attribution error

the fundamental attribution error

Becky heads the finance team of Herald Inc. Whenever her team's work is commended, she takes all the credit. On the other hand, when her team gets negative feedback from clients, she blames it on inadequate support from the organization. Becky's behavior is an example of _____. a. the self-serving bias b. projection c. perceptual defense d. the fundamental attribution error

the self-serving bias

Many people have never tried to be a leader because: a. leadership requires executive coaching. b. they lack the personality traits necessary for leadership. c. they do not have leadership skills. d. they have no understanding of what leaders actually do.

they have no understanding of what leaders actually do.