Learning Dynamic Study Module Chapter 22

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What can we consciously control about the defecation reflex?

relaxation of the external anal sphincter

The smell, sight, or even thought of food can activate the ____ of gastric acid secretion in the stomach.

cephalic phase

The _____ ligament is on the ventral surface of the liver and divides the liver into right and left lobes.

falciform

Which of the following is not a lobe of the liver?

falciform ligament

What are rugae?

folds of the mucosa of the stomach

What is released by the enteroendocrine cells of the gastric glands?

gastrin

The liver carries out all of the following functions EXCEPT __________.

glucagon secretion

The acinar cells of the pancreas secrete their exocrine products into small ducts that drain into the __________.

main pancreatic and accessory pancreatic duct

The ____ is the terminal portion of the stomach.

pylorus

The liver carries out all of the following functions:

-bile secretion -detoxification -bilirubin excretion

Ducts that transport bile:

-cystic duct -common bile duct -common hepatic duct

Which of the following features increase surface area in the small intestine?

-microvilli -villi -circular folds

Enzymes found in pancreatic juice

-trypsin -carboxypeptidase -chymotrypsin

Place the structures of the large intestine listed in their correct sequence, starting at the cecum and ending at the rectum. 1. right colic flexure 2. sigmoid colon 3. ascending colon 4. transverse colon 5. left colic flexure 6. descending colon

3,1,4,5,6,2

____ is a hormone released from the small intestine primarily in response to fatty chyme in the intestinal lumen.

CCK

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

Defecation involves the sympathetic nervous system

Which of the following sequences is the correct flow of blood through the liver to the inferior vena cava?

Hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein - portal triad - hepatic sinusoids - central vein - hepatic vein

Lacteals __________.

absorb the products of fat digestion

Which of the following ducts does not transport bile?

accessory pancreatic duct

What is responsible for the emulsification of lipids in the duodenum?

bile

Damaged hepatocytes will impair __________.

bile production

Emulsification requires __________.

bile salts

Chemical digestion breaks down ___ into ____.

carbs; monosaccharides

What region of the stomach does food first enter after its passage through the relaxed gastroesophageal sphincter?

cardia

Bile release from the gallbladder is stimulated by the hormone __________.

cholecystokinin/ CCK

Within the enterocytes, lipids are reassembled into triglycerides and packaged into ______.

chylomicrons

The _____ of the small intestine facilitate its role in digestion and absorption.

circular folds

The final process to occur in the alimentary canal is __________.

defecation

Which section of the large intestine begins at the splenic flexure?

descending colon

In which portion of the alimentary canal is chyme mixed with pancreatic juice and bile?

duodenum

Which segment of the small intestine receives chyme from the stomach?

duodenum

The process by which bile breaks up large fat droplets into smaller ones is called __________.

emulsification

The portal triad of the liver contains all the following structures except __________.

hepatic sinusoids

What cells compose the liver lobules?

hepatocytes

The pancreatic duct and the common bile duct unite to enter the duodenum at the ____.

hepatopancreatic ampulla

The digestion and absorption of nucleic acids begin __________.

in the small intestine

The most active site for chemical digestion and absorption is the ____.

jejunum

Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction of lactose into glucose and galactose?

lactase

Which organ functions to absorb significant quantities of water, electrolytes, and vitamins?

large intestine

Dietary fats are emulsified by a fluid produced by which accessory organ?

liver

The hepatic portal vein takes the breakdown products of nucleic acids to this organ for metabolism The hepatic portal vein takes the breakdown products of nucleic acids to this organ for metabolism

liver

Bile is produced by the ___ and stored in the ____.

liver; gallbladder

The ____ are the smallest folds in the small intestine that create the appearance of a brush border.

microvilli

Which feature of the small intestine creates a brush border appearance upon microscopic examination?

microvilli

The enzyme salivary amylase catalyzes the reactions that break polysaccharides into oligosaccharides in this organ

mouth

The acid pH of the gastric juice is caused by the secretion of hydrochloric acid from the _____.

parietal cells

Which of the following actions best exemplifies enzymatic hydrolysis?

nutrient breakdown

Inactive precursors to enzymes are released by this organ to catalyze reactions that digest proteins in the small intestine

pancreas

The _____ carries a fluid rich in bicarbonate ions.

pancreatic duct

The acidic chyme is neutralized as it enters the small intestine by ____.

pancreatic juice

The majority of triglyceride digestion occurs in the small intestine facilitated by the enzyme ____.

pancreatic lipase

Which of the following proteolytic enzymes is not found in pancreatic juice?

pepsin

Which of the following features does not increase surface area in the small intestine?

rugae

The pancreas is stimulated to release its secretions by ___.

secretin

Which process is a squeezing motion of the circular layer of smooth muscle in the small intestine?

segmentation

Lipids are assembled into triglycerides and packaged into chylomicrons within enterocytes of this organ

small intestine

The enzyme pepsin catalyzes reactions that digest proteins in this organ

stomach

The main functions of the ____ are churning, peristalsis, storage, and chemical digestion with the enzyme pepsin.

stomach

The longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle visible on the outer surfaces of the colon just beneath the serosa are the _____.

taeniae coli

Gastric pressure increases and stomach and intestinal contents are propelled in the opposite direction during ____.

vomiting


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