Learning Dynamic Study Module Chapter 22
What can we consciously control about the defecation reflex?
relaxation of the external anal sphincter
The smell, sight, or even thought of food can activate the ____ of gastric acid secretion in the stomach.
cephalic phase
The _____ ligament is on the ventral surface of the liver and divides the liver into right and left lobes.
falciform
Which of the following is not a lobe of the liver?
falciform ligament
What are rugae?
folds of the mucosa of the stomach
What is released by the enteroendocrine cells of the gastric glands?
gastrin
The liver carries out all of the following functions EXCEPT __________.
glucagon secretion
The acinar cells of the pancreas secrete their exocrine products into small ducts that drain into the __________.
main pancreatic and accessory pancreatic duct
The ____ is the terminal portion of the stomach.
pylorus
The liver carries out all of the following functions:
-bile secretion -detoxification -bilirubin excretion
Ducts that transport bile:
-cystic duct -common bile duct -common hepatic duct
Which of the following features increase surface area in the small intestine?
-microvilli -villi -circular folds
Enzymes found in pancreatic juice
-trypsin -carboxypeptidase -chymotrypsin
Place the structures of the large intestine listed in their correct sequence, starting at the cecum and ending at the rectum. 1. right colic flexure 2. sigmoid colon 3. ascending colon 4. transverse colon 5. left colic flexure 6. descending colon
3,1,4,5,6,2
____ is a hormone released from the small intestine primarily in response to fatty chyme in the intestinal lumen.
CCK
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
Defecation involves the sympathetic nervous system
Which of the following sequences is the correct flow of blood through the liver to the inferior vena cava?
Hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein - portal triad - hepatic sinusoids - central vein - hepatic vein
Lacteals __________.
absorb the products of fat digestion
Which of the following ducts does not transport bile?
accessory pancreatic duct
What is responsible for the emulsification of lipids in the duodenum?
bile
Damaged hepatocytes will impair __________.
bile production
Emulsification requires __________.
bile salts
Chemical digestion breaks down ___ into ____.
carbs; monosaccharides
What region of the stomach does food first enter after its passage through the relaxed gastroesophageal sphincter?
cardia
Bile release from the gallbladder is stimulated by the hormone __________.
cholecystokinin/ CCK
Within the enterocytes, lipids are reassembled into triglycerides and packaged into ______.
chylomicrons
The _____ of the small intestine facilitate its role in digestion and absorption.
circular folds
The final process to occur in the alimentary canal is __________.
defecation
Which section of the large intestine begins at the splenic flexure?
descending colon
In which portion of the alimentary canal is chyme mixed with pancreatic juice and bile?
duodenum
Which segment of the small intestine receives chyme from the stomach?
duodenum
The process by which bile breaks up large fat droplets into smaller ones is called __________.
emulsification
The portal triad of the liver contains all the following structures except __________.
hepatic sinusoids
What cells compose the liver lobules?
hepatocytes
The pancreatic duct and the common bile duct unite to enter the duodenum at the ____.
hepatopancreatic ampulla
The digestion and absorption of nucleic acids begin __________.
in the small intestine
The most active site for chemical digestion and absorption is the ____.
jejunum
Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction of lactose into glucose and galactose?
lactase
Which organ functions to absorb significant quantities of water, electrolytes, and vitamins?
large intestine
Dietary fats are emulsified by a fluid produced by which accessory organ?
liver
The hepatic portal vein takes the breakdown products of nucleic acids to this organ for metabolism The hepatic portal vein takes the breakdown products of nucleic acids to this organ for metabolism
liver
Bile is produced by the ___ and stored in the ____.
liver; gallbladder
The ____ are the smallest folds in the small intestine that create the appearance of a brush border.
microvilli
Which feature of the small intestine creates a brush border appearance upon microscopic examination?
microvilli
The enzyme salivary amylase catalyzes the reactions that break polysaccharides into oligosaccharides in this organ
mouth
The acid pH of the gastric juice is caused by the secretion of hydrochloric acid from the _____.
parietal cells
Which of the following actions best exemplifies enzymatic hydrolysis?
nutrient breakdown
Inactive precursors to enzymes are released by this organ to catalyze reactions that digest proteins in the small intestine
pancreas
The _____ carries a fluid rich in bicarbonate ions.
pancreatic duct
The acidic chyme is neutralized as it enters the small intestine by ____.
pancreatic juice
The majority of triglyceride digestion occurs in the small intestine facilitated by the enzyme ____.
pancreatic lipase
Which of the following proteolytic enzymes is not found in pancreatic juice?
pepsin
Which of the following features does not increase surface area in the small intestine?
rugae
The pancreas is stimulated to release its secretions by ___.
secretin
Which process is a squeezing motion of the circular layer of smooth muscle in the small intestine?
segmentation
Lipids are assembled into triglycerides and packaged into chylomicrons within enterocytes of this organ
small intestine
The enzyme pepsin catalyzes reactions that digest proteins in this organ
stomach
The main functions of the ____ are churning, peristalsis, storage, and chemical digestion with the enzyme pepsin.
stomach
The longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle visible on the outer surfaces of the colon just beneath the serosa are the _____.
taeniae coli
Gastric pressure increases and stomach and intestinal contents are propelled in the opposite direction during ____.
vomiting