lecture 1-7
Which root word means "bud?"
-blast
What is ossification?
Formation of bone
What is the term for the molecules or atoms that result from a chemical reaction?
Products
What passes through the vertebral canal?
Spinal cord
_____ cells are currently under investigation as a form of therapy for almost every degenerative disease and for replacement of damaged organs because they can differentiate into replacements for what is lost.
Stem
epithelial tissue that: Mechanical protection of a moist surface?
Stratified Epithelium
How does the endocrine system interact with the skeletal system?
The endocrine system produces hormones that stimulate and inhibit osteoblasts and osteoclasts
Moving down a concentration gradient is the movement from ____.
an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
What type of synovial joint is a multiaxial joint, permitting movements in all planes of motion?
ball-and-socket joint
Some hormones, such as parathyroid hormone, act on bones to help regulate blood ______ levels.
calcium
The membranous organelle that is the site of synthesis of proteins and lipids is the:
endoplasmic reticulum
Hair grows within tube-like structures called hair _____.
follicles
The group of organic substances that are insoluble in water.
lipids
Specialized epidermal cells called _____ produce the pigment melanin.
melanocytes
The formation of bone is called _____.
ossification
Which bones form the pelvis?
sacrum, two hip bones, coccyx
The root word _____ means to break.
-clast
four of the functions of proteins in the body. Multiple select question.
1-form enzymes 2-detect and destroy foreign substances 3-function as receptors on cell surfaces 4-provide structure
The innermost electron shell (closest to the nucleus) can hold a maximum of _____ electrons. The second shell can hold up to _____ electrons.
2,8
What conditions are necessary for diffusion of a substance to occur across a membrane?
A concentration gradient Membrane permeability
What occurs during a decomposition reaction?
A reactant molecule breaks apart so that a simpler molecule, atom or ion forms
In order for a molecule to move from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration using an active transport mechanism, energy is require. The common molecule for that energy called
ATP
What are the forces that drive active transport?
ATP Cellular energy
Simple Columnar Epithelium(function)
Absorption
Simple Squamous Epithelium(function)
Allows for filtration, as well as diffusion of gases and nutrients
What is a base?
An electrolyte that releases ions which, in turn, bind H+
The bones of the lower limb include the phalanges, metatarsals, tarsals, _____, _____, and _____.
Blank 1: femur Blank 2: tibia Blank 3: fibula
The steps of bone remodeling are as follows: _____ fibrocartilage formation, bony callus formation, and finally bone remodeling by _____(cells).
Blank 1: hematoma Blank 2: osteoclasts
The steps of bone remodeling are as follows: _____ formation, fibrocartilage formation, bony callus formation, and finally bone remodeling by _____ (cells).
Blank 1: hematoma Blank 2: osteoclasts
The bones in the upper limb include the hand bones (carpals, metacarpals, phalanges) and the _____, _____, and _____.
Blank 1: humerus Blank 2: radius Blank 3: ulna
The bones that form the pelvis are the _____, _____ and _____.
Blank 1: sacrum Blank 2: coccyx Blank 3: hip, pelvic,
The _____ _____ is protected by the vertebral column
Blank 1: spinal Blank 2: cord
The tissue of the epidermis is _____ _____ _____ which lacks blood vessels and must get nutrients from the underlying dermis.
Blank 1: stratified Blank 2: squamous Blank 3: epithelium
simple squamous epithelium(locations)
Bowman's capsules (in the kidney), Alveoli (in the lungs), and capillary walls
Lack of a blood supply within the epidermis is the cause for what characteristic of epidermal cells?
Cells near the skin surface are dead
What events occur during the keratinization of epidermal cells?
Cells slowly die Cells fill with keratin
List components of the cell membrane.
Cholesterol Carbohydrates Proteins Phospholipids
Which bones compose a pectoral girdle?
Clavicle Scapula
Indicate characteristics of vesicles.
Contain substances that have just entered the cell Contain substances that have been produced by other organelles Are membranous sacs
What term refers to a change in a protein's three-dimensional shape and, therefore, its function due to exposure to factors such as excessive heat or a change in pH?
Denaturation
When heat, pH or radiation alters the unique shape of a protein, the term for the change in structure is
Denaturation
transitional epithelium
Dome-Shaped Umbrella Cells - are rounded and bulge from the surface of the epithelium
The type of transport mechanism in which large molecules, small particles or liquid are conveyed by a vesicle into the cell is called.
Endocytosis
What layer of the skin lacks blood vessels?
Epidermal layer
Which of the following describes the tertiary structure of a protein?
Folds form as amino acids that are far apart on the polypeptide chain interact
Solutions A and B are separated by a semipermeable membrane. Solution A has more solutes than solution B. In what direction will osmosis occur?
From B to A
The active period of the cell cycle, during which a cell grows, DNA replicates, and new organelles form, is called cell _____ It terminates when the cell begins mitosis.
G1
What is the name for the DNA sequences that determine the amino acid sequences of proteins?
Genes
_____ are critical as both cell adhesion molecules but also to identify cells as "self" to the immune system.
Glycoproteins
The _____ is a stack of five to eight flattened membranous sacs that resemble pancakes.
Golgi apparatus
The organelle that acts like "FedEx" for the cell by handling the packaging and shipping of proteins is the _____.
Golgi apparatus
What is the term given to the difference in concentration of particles from one area to another?
Gradient
These weak bonds may provide substantial strength in proteins, and occur between polar regions of a single molecule.
Hydrogen
Where can bone marrow be found within a bone?
In the medullary cavity
In a bone, where can bone marrow be found?
Irregular spaces in spongy bone Medullary cavity Central canals of compact bone
Identify the characteristics of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
It provides attachment for ribosomes. It is composed of membranous sacs. It functions in the synthesis of lipids. It functions in the synthesis of proteins.
epithelial tissue that: Mechanical protection & waterproofing?
Keratinized Epithelia
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium(location)
Kidney tubules, glands, and outer coverings of ovaries
What are the four main groups of organic chemicals in the body?
Lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids
What is meant by the term denaturation of a protein?
Loss of three-dimensional shape and, therefore, function
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Made up of a single layer of tall cells that fit closely together
List two major characteristics of elements.
Make up all matter and Composed of atoms
Particle formed by the chemical union of two or more atoms
Molecule
What houses the genetic material of a cell and directs all cell activity?
Nucleus
What is the definition of the atomic weight of an atom?
Number of protons plus number of neutrons
What is the classification of a compound containing both carbon and hydrogen?
Organic compound
_____ is a passive mechanism of transport that allows for the movement of water across the membrane to areas of impermeable
Osmosis
a value called _____ measures the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
PH
What type of lipid has both a region that dissolves in water (hydrophilic) and a region that does not dissolve in water (hydrophobic) within its structure?
Phospholipid
Some molecules have an uneven distribution of charges within the molecule due to the unequal sharing of electrons between its atoms. What is the classification of this molecule?
Polar molecule
What level of protein structure is due to the sequence of amino acids along a polypeptide chain?
Primary structure
How might the functions of the epidermis be summarized?
Protection of underlying tissue
What class of organic molecule serves a major structural function in the body as well as functioning as catalysts, cellular receptors, and hormones?
Proteins
Indicate the four types of organic compounds important in cell structure and function.
Proteins Lipids Nucleic acids Carbohydrates
Describe the structure of an atom.
Protons and neutrons within a nucleus, encircled by electrons
Connective tissue
Provides support for your body and connects all its parts
What bones are found in the upper limb?
Radius Phalanges Ulna Metacarpals Humerus Carpals
Which of the following are the results of apoptotic cell death?
Removal of extra brain cells. Carving away webbing between developing fingers and toes. Sculpting of organs from overgrown tissues.
epithelial tissue that: Secretion, absorption & chemical protection?
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Which is a description of a monosaccharide?
Single sugar unit
The production of new skin cells in what layer typically keeps pace with the loss of cells from the stratum corneum?
Stratum basale
Tissue (histology)
Study of tissue
Which are functions of the vertebral column?
Support the head and trunk of the body Protect the spinal cord
What type of exocrine gland consists of coiled tubes that originate in the deeper dermis or superficial subcutaneous layer?
Sweat glands
Comparing the dermis to the epidermis, indicate the true statements.
The dermis is composed of several types of tissue, but the epidermis is composed of one type. The dermis is vascular, but the epidermis lacks blood vessels.
Which of the following is an example of simple diffusion?
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air in the lungs and the blood.
What does the pH indicate about a solution?
The hydrogen ion concentration of the solution
What is cytosol?
The liquid part of the cytoplasm.
What is represented in a molecular formula?
The numbers and types of atoms in a molecule
Which cell structure acts as a selectively permeable barrier, controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell?
The plasma membrane
Which of the following describes the primary structure of a protein?
The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain
How would the phospholipids orient themselves if the cytosol and extracellular fluid were made of oil instead of water?
The tails would face outward, toward the cytosol and ECF, and the heads would face inward, toward each other
Which of these situations displays a concentration gradient?
There are higher concentrations of sodium on the outside of the cell than on the inside
Why do the cells of the epidermis die as they are pushed towards the surface of the skin?
They are too far from their nutrient supply
Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium
This tissue is known for having more than one layer of flat looking cells, as well as a layer of keratin (a protein) sitting on top of the cells. The keratin provides a barrier for moisture.
Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium
This tissue is known for having more than one layer of flat looking cells, but is missing the layer of keratin
What is a function of glycoproteins?
To identify the cell as being "self" or foreign
What is the function of a keratinocyte?
To produce a waterproofing protein
What is the major function of carbohydrates in the cells of the body?
To provide a source of energy
epithelial tissue that: Stretchy quality that allows expansion as the lumen is filled?
Transitional epithelium
Three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule forms what type of organic molecule?
Triglyceride
How many electrons are shared in a double covalent bond?
Two pairs of electrons
What is the definition of a disaccharide?
Two sugar units bonded together
Membranous sacs, called _____ are essential to store or transport material into or out of a cell.
Vesicles
Organelles called transport _____ are membranous sacs containing substances that were produced in the cell like neurotransmitters or hormones.
Vesicles
_____ are membranous sacs containing substances that recently entered or were produced in the cell.
Vesicles
In an aqueous solution (water-based) if the phospholipids were unable to form a bilayer they would form _____.
a single layered ring structure with tails in and heads out
Compounds that release hydrogen ions (H+) when they dissociate in water are classified as
acid
Microfilaments are tiny rods of the protein _____.
actin
In _____ transport, substances are moved across a membrane against the concentration gradient.
active
In ______ transport, a carrier molecule (sometimes called a pump) transports substances from regions of lower concentration to regions of higher concentration.
active
The source of energy for _____ transport mechanisms is cellular energy.
active
The building blocks of proteins are _____
amino acids
Cartilaginous joints allow limited movement and therefore are classified as _____ joints.
amphiarthrotic
There are two types of cell death, necrosis which happens as a result of external damage and _____ which is a controlled programmed cell death.
apoptosis
A functional junction between bones is called a(n) _____.
articulation
Smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element
atom
The skeleton can be divided into two major portions: the _____ skeleton that includes the head, neck, and trunk, and the _____ skeleton that includes the limbs.
axial and appendicular
Which are the two major portions of the skeleton?
axial and appendicular
Cell division by cells of the stratum _____ replaces the shedding skin cells of the stratum corneum.
basale
The _____ membrane anchors the epidermis to the dermis.
basement
Compounds called _____ bind hydrogen ions (H+), or release ions (such as OH-) that combine with H+.
bases
The branch of science called _____ deals with the composition of matter and how this composition changes
biochemistry
transitional epithelium(location)
bladder
Hematopoiesis is the process of _____.
blood formation
The extracellular matrix of bone tissue is largely made of _____ phosphate.
calcium
Which component, stored in bone, is vital for metabolic processes including blood clotting and muscle contraction?
calcium
The primary function of the class of organic compounds called _____ is to provide fuel for cellular functions. These molecules are stored as large polymers in liver and muscle cells.
carbohydrates
Indicate the characteristics of the cell membrane.
carries out important metabolic reactions functions as a boundary for the cell enables communication and interaction
Bones held together by hyaline or fibrocartilage are classified as _____ joints.
cartilaginous
The prefix _____ means "cell."
cell
The smallest unit of life is a
cell
The smallest unit of organisms like humans that is considered to be alive is a(n)
cell
Which of the following is the correct meaning of the prefix "cyt-"?"
cell
The integral proteins in the cell membrane can be receptors which are involved in _____.
cell adhesion cell communication signal transduction
The series of changes that a cell undergoes from the time it forms until the time it finishes dividing is called ______.
cell cycle
The term that describes the series of changes that a cell undergoes, including its growth and division is.
cell cycle
Components of the cellular structure called the _____ include phospholipids, carbohydrates, proteins and cholesterol.
cell membrane
This is the science concerning the properties and composition of substances.
chemistry
The _____ molecules in the cell membrane, which have a relatively rigid structure, help to stabilize the cell membrane.
cholesterol
Which bone is part of the pectoral girdle?
clavicle
With a(n) _____ fracture, the skin remains intact. With a(n) _____ fracture, the skin is damaged and the bone is exposed with an increased risk of infection.
closed; open
In which type of fracture would you find a complete break and fragmentation of the bone?
comminuted
Most bones have both types of bone tissue. The more superficial one is _____ bone which overlies _____ bone.
compact,spongy
A chemical bond between atoms that share electrons is called a(n) _____ bond
covalent
What type of bond is formed when two atoms share electrons?
covalent
In Anaphase and Telophase, the process that results in the division of the cytoplasm is called _____.
cytokinesis
Cytokinesis is the process by which the _____ of a cell divides. Multiple choice question.
cytoplasm
The liquid portion of cytoplasm is called?
cytosol
A burn involving the epidermis and some underlying dermis is called a _____ burn.
deep partial-thickness (second-degree)
The prefix _____ means skin.
derm-
The deepest level of the epidermis is the stratum basale and it is nourished by the nutrients in the _____ blood vessels.
dermal
Nutrient and oxygen supply for the epidermis comes from blood vessels located in the _____ layer of the skin.
dermis
The layer of skin which is deep to the epidermis is the _____.
dermis
The layer of the skin which is vascularized and superior to the subcutaneous layer is the _____.
dermis
A long bone has an expanded portion at each end called an epiphysis and a shaft called the _____.
diaphysis
If a solute can cross a cell membrane, and the solute has a concentration gradient, _____ will occur.
diffusion
Simple _____ occurs due to the random movement of atoms, molecules, or ions in air or liquid, from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration
diffusion
Facilitated diffusion _____ use energy.
does not
In the kidney, solute is concentrated in the parts not permeable to water. When that very concentrated solution reaches the collecting ducts, which are permeable to water, the water will move _____ its concentration gradient into the collection ducts.
down
List the following from smallest to largest in size. Place the smallest at the top of the list. (Note: several items are Sub-atomic, meaning that they are part of an atom.)
electron, neutron, atomic nucleus, atom, molecule
Isotopes have the same number of _____ as their atomic number, and therefore they react chemically in the same manner to form compounds and participate in reactions.
electrons
Within an atom, particles called _____ constantly move around the central nucleus.
electrons
All matter is composed of fundamental substances called
elements
Most bones of the skeleton are _____ bones, which develop from a hyaline cartilage model.
endochondral
Bones that develop from a model of hyaline cartilage and are called _____ bones. Bones that develop within sheetlike layers of connective tissue are called _____ bones.
endochondral, intramembranous
The process of _____ utilizes a vesicle to move substances into the cell.
endocytosis
Preventing the entry of disease-causing microorganisms is the function of what skin layer?
epidermis
Within the skin, _____ the is the layer that is composed of stratified squamous epithelium.
epidermis
Long bones have enlarged ends called _____ that are covered with _____.
epiphyses; articular cartilage
Diffusional _____ occurs when the concentration of a given substance becomes uniform throughout a solution.
equilibrium
When there is no further net movement of molecules throughout the solution and the substance is uniform in its distribution throughout the solution then diffusional _____occurs.
equilibrium
The functions of skin include acting as a protective covering, regulating body fluids and body temperature, synthesizing chemicals and _____ wastes.
excrete
During the process of _____ vesicles fuse with the cell membrane, releasing the contents outside the cell.
exocytosis
Ions that use specific protein channels in the membrane use a process called _____ to move down their concentration gradient across the plasma membrane.
facilitated diffusion
The passive transport mechanism in which molecules or ions move via carrier proteins from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration is called _____.
facilitated diffusion
What is the transport mechanism in which molecules, that are not able to pass through the cell membrane, move via membrane proteins from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration?
facilitated diffusion
When molecules move down a concentration gradient it means that there is a net movement of particles from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.
false
In _____ joints, bones are held tightly together by a thin layer of dense connective tissue.
fibrous
What holds fibrous joints together?
fibrous connective tissue
What transport mechanism moves smaller molecules through a porous membrane from regions of higher pressure to regions of lower pressure?
filtration
The _____ electron shell can hold up to two electrons, while the _____ electron shell can hold up to eight.
first; second
The ability of red blood cells to bend and fit through tight spots without breaking is due the plasma membrane being soft and _____.
flexible
Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium(location)
found in the linging of the vagina, esophagus, and oral cavity/mouth
Simple Columnar Epithelium(location)
found in the linings of hollow organs of the digestive tract
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium(location)
found in the skin, which includes the scalp
The clinical term for a broken bone is a(n) _____.
fracture
The order of amino acids within a protein is determined by the base order found in segments of DNA called _____ located in the genetic material of a cell.
genes
What is the name of the polysaccharide synthesized by human cells that consists of many simple sugar units bonded together?
glycogen
The molecules within the cell membrane that function in cell recognition are the _____.
glycoproteins
The term concentration _____ refers to the difference in concentration between two regions.
gradient
In which type of fracture would you find an incomplete break that occurs on the convex surface of the bend in the bone?
greenstick
What is present on all skin surfaces EXCEPT on the palms, soles, lips, and parts of the external genitalia?
hair
The water-soluble of phospholipids form the intracellular and extracellular surfaces of the membrane. Listen to the complete question
heads
Cellular metabolism results in the production of _____ as energy is lost.
heat
The process of blood cell formation is called _____.
hemopoiesis
Simple diffusion is a passive process that requires no input of energy, and is the movement of molecules from areas of _____ concentration to areas of _____ concentration.
high; low
In large molecules such as nucleic acids (DNA), polar regions located in different parts of these molecules can be attracted to each other, forming _____ bonds.
hydrogen
Organic compounds, by definition containing both carbon and _____, are often built of long carbon chains or ring structures.
hydrogen
Compounds are classified as acids if they release _____ when they dissociate in water.
hydrogen ions
The relatively weak attraction between the positive hydrogen end of one polar molecule to the negative nitrogen or oxygen end of another polar molecule is called a(n) _____ bond.
hydrogen or H
The largest organ in the body is part of the _____ system.
integumentary
Some bones develop within sheetlike layers of connective tissue and they are called _____ bones. Other bones develop from a model of hyaline cartilage and are called _____ bones.
intramembranous; endochondral
Atoms that become electrically charged due to the gain or loss of electrons are called
ion
Particle that is electrically charged because it has gained or lost electrons
ion
What is an atom called that has become electrically charged?
ion
What type of bond is formed when oppositely charged ions, such as sodium and chloride ions, are attracted to one another?
ionic
a(n) _____ bond is formed between oppositely charged ions.
ionic
The components of substances that are _____ separate when the substance is placed in water.
ionically bound
NaCl forms _____ when placed in water.
ions
Bones that do not fit in the categories of long, short or flat, are placed in the category termed _____.
irregular
general characteristics/roles of the cell membrane.
is only visible with an electron microscope facilitates signal transduction is selectively permeable
Which two of the following are general characteristics of the cell membrane?
it is thin and flexible it is selectively permeable
Nail plates consist of scales formed of epithelial cells containing a stronger version of _____ than that found in the stratum corneum of the epidermis.
keratin
The process by which keratinocytes of the epidermis begin to harden due to accumulation of keratin is called _____.
keratinization
The higher the concentration of solute in a solution the _____ (less or more) water is present in the solution.
less
Cholesterol molecules must be _____-soluble in order to be embedded in the phospholipid bilayer.
lipid
What term describes anything that has weight and takes up space?
mass
is defined as anything that has weight or mass and takes up space.
matter
The type of cell division that results in the new cells having 23 chromosomes, half of the original cell, is called
meiosis
The pigment melanin is produced by _____ and contributes to the color that is observed in the skin.
melanocytes
All human cells have a phospholipid bilayer that makes up the cell _____.
membrane
In muscle cells _____ aggregate forming myofibrils.
microfilaments
Somatic cells divide by the 4-stage process of ______ which produces two daughter cells from an original cell. The new cells are genetically identical, each with a full complement of 46 chromosomes.
mitosis
Two or more atoms that bond together form a(n) _____.
molecule
the chemical term for a single sugar unit.
monosaccharide
What is the shape of the joint surfaces and motion allowed in a ball-and-socket joint?
multiaxial movement globular shaped head fits in a cup-shaped cavity
The name of the structure that protects the end of fingers is the _____.
nails
Relatively large, uncharged sub-atomic particle
neutron
Which of these affects the atomic weight without changing the properties of the atom?
neutron
All cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and a _____.
nucleus
The _____ is a relatively large, usually spherical, structure that contains the genetic material which directs the activities of the cell.
nucleus
In what process does water molecules move through a selectively permeable membrane toward the solution with more impermeant solute?
osmosis
Cells that deposit and form bone are called _____.
osteoblasts
The cells that deposit new bone tissue are the _____.
osteoblasts
Diffusion is a _____ process which depends on concentration gradients.
passive
Both simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are _____ transport mechanisms that move molecules _____ a concentration gradient.
passive; down
The _____ is a tough connective tissue that covers the outer portion of the bone, including the diaphysis.
periosteum
A value called _____ measures the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
ph
A molecule derived from a triglyceride but with a phosphate group in place of one fatty acid chain is a(n)
phospholipid
A molecule derived from a triglyceride but with a phosphate group in place of one fatty acid chain is a(n) _____.
phospholipid
a _____ is a lipid that consists of a phosphate "head" that dissolves in water (is hydrophilic) and two fatty acid "tails" that don't dissolve in water (are hydrophobic).
phospholipid
The cell membrane is composed mostly of a bilayer of _____.
phospholipids
A(n) _____ molecule has covalent bonds between atoms, but the electrons within those bonds are unequally shared.
polar
A chain of more than two simple sugars bound together is called a
polysaccharide
Glycogen is what type of carbohydrate?
polysaccharide
What is the name of the class of organic molecules consisting of a complex chain of many simple sugars joined together?
polysaccharides
Differentiation
process in which cells become specialized in structure and function
By definition, the molecules or atoms that are made during a chemical reaction are called?
products
Apoptosis
programmed cell death
Genes, comprising DNA, carry information about the structure of _____.
proteins
The number of _____ in an atom determines the atomic number for that element.
protons
Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium(function)
provides protection
Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium(function)
provides protection and a waterproof barrier
The molecules about to be changed by a chemical reaction are called?
reactants
During a chemical reaction, the molecules that enter the reaction are called the _____. The molecules that result from the reaction are called the _____.
reactants; products
Active mechanisms of transport _____ energy
require
Organelles called _____ are the site of protein synthesis.
ribosome
During ______ phase of Interphase the genetic material is replicated.
s
The pectoral girdle consists of two _____ and two _____.
scapula, clavicle
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium(function)
secretion
The cell membrane is _____ permeable.
selectively
The term used to describe the cell membrane because only certain substances can enter or leave the cell is _____.
semipermeable
Bones are categorized by _____ as being long, short, flat, or irregular.
shape
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs is an example of what process?
simple diffusion
epithelial tissue that: Diffusion of gases across lung air sacs?
simple squamous epithelium
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
single layer of cube shaped cells
Simple Squamous Epithelium
single layer of flattened cells
What is the function of ribosomes?
site of protein synthesis
In a closed bone fracture, the _____ is unbroken. In a compound fracture, it is broken.
skin
The _____ is the largest organ of the body by weight.
skin
The _____ is the site of activation of vitamin D.
skin
What is the definition of the prefix derm-?
skin
Which organ protects, regulates body temperature, and excretes wastes?
skin
The type of bone tissue shown at the end of arrow A is _____ bone. The type of bone shown at the end of arrow B is _____ bone.
spongy, compact
epithelial tissue that: Secretion of mucus & movement of mucus?
stratified squamous and simple columnar epithelial
What class of tissue forms the epidermis of the skin?
stratified squamous epithelium
Consider the tissues that make up the skin. The epidermis is composed of _____, while the dermis is made up mostly of _____.
stratified squamous epithelium; connective tissue
transitional epithelium(function)
stretches readily and permits distension of urinary organ by contained urine
Within the skin, the epidermis is _____ to the dermis.
superficial
The _____ glands consist of coiled tubes in the deep dermis or superficial subcutaneous layer. They secrete their product onto the surface of the skin or into the hair follicles.
sweat
A freely movable joint enclosed in a joint capsule is classified as a _____ joint.
synovial
Most joints in the skeletal system are _____ joints, which are freely moveable.
synovial
The type of chemical reaction that occurs when two or more reactants bond to form a more complex product is called a _____ reaction.
synthesis
Which is the highest level of structure in the depicted protein?
tertiary
the _____ structure is the level of protein conformation that confers the shape and folding of the amino acid sequence.
tertiary
examination of epithelial cells from the nonkeratinized stratified epithelium of the vagina & cervix. Which surface of the cells is the sample scraped from?
the apical layer
Within the structure of a cell membrane, the phospholipid heads face _____, while the tails face _____.
the cytosol and extracellular fluid; each other
Osmosis
the transport mechanism in which water molecules move through a selectively permeable membrane toward the solution with more impermeant solute (one that cannot cross the membrane).
A complete bone fracture where the break occurs at a right angle to the axis of the bone is called a _____ fracture.
transverse
a(n) _____ is a specific type of fat (lipid) molecule composed of three fatty acids bound to one glycerol molecule.
triglyceride
The cell membrane is not simply a boundary, but an actively functioning part of the cell. It is the site of important metabolic reactions and it also enables communication and interaction with other cells.
true
What is the meaning of the word element "di-"?
two
A single covalent bond occurs when _____ is/are shared by two atoms.
two electrons (one pair)
A lipid molecule consisting of _____ fatty acid(s) and _____ phosphate group(s) bonded to glycerol is called a phospholipid.
two; one
Exocytosis uses _____ to move substances _____ the cell.
vesicles; out of
Osmosis is the diffusion of _____.
water
The combined number of protons and neutrons within an atom is the atomic _____ for that element.
weight or mass
What is the definition of a compound?
when atoms of different elements bond together
