Lecture 10: Sensory Receptors [Seventy-six entries]
A patient experienced permanent damage to the hair cells in the cochlea. This will interfere with the ability of sound waves to reach the inner ear. - True - False
False
An individual would normally perceive pain when the chemoreceptors are stimulated. - False - True
False
An individual would normally perceive pain when the chemoreceptors are stimulated. - True - False
False
As auditory hair cell stereocilia bend toward the tallest stereocilia ion channels close, thereby preventing receptor potentials. - True - False
False
Inability to perceive rotation of the head, as when indicating "no," occurs when the saccule is damaged. - True - False
False
Nodding your head up and down would stimulate receptors in the utricle. - True - False
False
The anterior semicircular canal responds to motions such as doing a cartwheel. - True - False
False
The lateral semicircular canal responds to motions such as doing a cartwheel. - True - False
False
Chemoreceptors that respond to chemical changes in the external environment are called________. - interoceptors - nociceptors - proprioceptors - exteroceptors
exteroceptors
Cutaneous receptors respond to stimuli that are outside the body, and are therefore also________. - proprioceptors - interoceptors - exteroceptors - special senses
exteroceptors
The posterior semicircular canal responds to motions such as doing a somersault. - true - false
false
What is the medium found in the cochlear duct? - Air - Perilymph - Endolymph - Ectolymph
Endolymph
A cochlear implant may help someone with conduction deafness. - True - False
False
Which structure is a touch or pressure cutaneous receptor? - Pacinian Corpuscle - Merkel's Disk - Meissner's Corpuscle - All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following is true of vestibular nystagmus? - It consists of involuntary oscillations of the eyes. - It may be a symptom of Ménière's disease. - It is a loss of equilibrium. - All of the choices are correct.
All of the choices are correct.
Damage to cutaneous receptors would limit the ability to detect all of the following EXCEPT ________. - Pain - Thermal sensations - Body position - Touch
Body position
When stereocilia are bent toward the kinocilium, the cell membrane will be________. - hyperpolarized - depolarized - releasing increased amounts of neurotransmitter - Both depolarized and releasing increased amounts of neurotransmitters are correct.
Both depolarized and releasing increased amounts of neurotransmitters are correct.
The structure(s) involved in hearing include the ________. (hint: select two) - Organ of Corti - Semicircular canals - Bony labyrinth - Spiral organ
Both the spiral organ and the organ of Corti are correct
What extracellular ion is necessary for release of neurotransmitters for salty and sour tastes? - Mg 2+ - K+ - Na+ - Ca 2+
Ca 2+
Sugar is an example of a stimulus for: - mechanoreceptors - chemoreceptors - photoreceptors - thermoreceptors - nociceptors
Chemoreceptors
Which structure is NOT part of the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear? - Cochlea - Utricle - Semicircular canals - Saccule
Cochlea
The Scala media of the cochlea is filled with________. (Hint: This fluid is high in K+ concentration) - Endolymph - Perilymph - Ectolymph - Mesolymph
Endolymph
Receptors responding to "bitter" stimuli generate receptors potentials through: - G proteins - Ligand gated
G proteins
Receptors responding to "bitter" stimuli generate receptors potentials through: - H+ influx - Blockage of K+ channels - Na+ influx - G proteins - Blockage of Na+ channels
G proteins
Receptors responding to "sweet" stimuli generate receptor potentials through: - G proteins - Ligand gated
G proteins
Receptors responding to "umami" stimuli generate receptor potentials through: - H+ influx - Blockage of K+ channels - Na+ influx - G proteins - Blockage of Na+ channels
G proteins
Olfactory receptor proteins are especially located on the membrane of their non-motile cilia and are coupled to ________. - cAMP - cGMP - Ca 2+ - G-proteins
G-proteins
Olfactory receptors are coupled to ________. - Transducers - Na +/Ca 2+ channels directly - G-proteins - Adenylate cyclase
G-proteins
Receptors responding to "sour" stimuli generate receptor potentials through: - H+ influx - blockage of K+ channels - Na+ influx - G proteins - blockage of Na+ channel
H+ influx
When ________ enter the microvilli of taste cells, depolarization occurs, producing a ________ taste sensation. - Hydrogen ions; sour - Sodium ions; sour - Hydrogen ions; bitter - Sodium ions; sweet
Hydrogen ions; sour
The scala vestibuli of the cochlea is filled with________. - Endolymph - Perilymph - Ectolymph - Mesolymph
Perilymph
Fast adapting receptors are called _____ receptors. - Tonic - Phasic
Phasic
Chemoreceptors that monitor blood glucose levels are also________. See answer. (Free study)
Interceptors
What characteristic does the endolymph of the membranous labyrinth have that is unusual for an extracellular fluid? - It is similar to the perilymph that surrounds the membranous labyrinth. - It has a higher than normal concentration of Na+. - It has lower than normal concentration of Cl-. - It has higher than normal concentration of K+.
It has higher than normal concentration of K+.
The bending of the stereocilia of the organ of Corti opens membrane channels that are permeable to mainly ________, which causes depolarization. (hint: this is an exception of the norm!) - K+ - Na+ - Mg2+ - Cl-
K+
Pushing is an example of a stimulus for: - Mechanoreceptors - Chemoreceptors - Photoreceptors - Thermoreceptors - Nociceptors
Mechanoreceptors
Receptors responding to "salty" stimuli generate receptor potentials through: - H+ influx - blockage of K+ channels - Na+ influx - G proteins - blockage of Na+ channels
Na+ influx
A chemical burn would stimulate this type of receptor. - Mechanoreceptors - Chemoreceptors - Photoreceptors - Thermoreceptors - Nociceptors
Nociceptors
The Scala tympani of the cochlea is filled with________. - Endolymph - Perilymph - Ectolymph - Mesolymph
Perilymph
The cupula is part of the________. - Semicircular canals - Utricle - Saccule - Cochlea
Semicircular canals
Vertigo occurs due to activation of the________. - Utricle - Semicircular canals - Saccule - Cochlea
Semicircular canals
Choose the correct statement regarding sensory receptors. See answer. (Free study)
Sensory receptors transduce different forms of physical energy to nerve impulses.
Tonic receptors are ___ adapting. - Slow - Fast
Slow
Which of the following statements about the cochlea is TRUE? - The scala vestibuli contains endolymph - The scala tympani transmits sounds waves to the oval window - The scala tympani contains perilymph - The scala vestibuli transmits sound waves to the round window - The scala media contains perilymph
The scala tympani contains perilymph
Heat is an example of a stimulus for: - Mechanoreceptors - Chemoreceptors - Photoreceptors - Thermoreceptors - Nociceptors
Thermoreceptors
Slow-adapting receptors are called ___ receptors. - Tonic - Phasic
Tonic
A greater bending of the stereocilia will increase the frequency of action potentials and will be perceived as a louder sound. - True - False
True
Areas of the skin with small receptive fields would have a greater sensory acuity. - True - False
True
As the auditory hair cell stereocilia bend toward the tallest stereocilia, ion channels open, thereby generating receptor potentials. - True - False
True
Damage to the tectorial membrane near the oval window would limit an individual's ability to detect high frequency sounds. - True - False
True
Given its action, damage to the stapedius muscle can cause increased sensitivity to the volume of sounds. - True - False
True
The lateral semicircular canal responds to motions such as spinning in a chair. - True - False
True
The posterior semicircular canal responds to motions such as doing cartwheels. - True - False
True
You arrive at a restaurant and are seated when you immediately notice a strong odor of perfume from a nearby customer. After just a few minutes the perfume odor seems to be gone even though the source remains and you are enjoying some bread and water before your meal. The smell of the perfume went away because of the accommodation of phasic receptors. - True - False
True
Which taste modality involves membrane receptors that are coupled to G-proteins? - Umami - Salty - Sour - All of the choices are correct
Umami
The structures that function in equilibrium are known as the ________. - Vestibular apparatus - Cochlea - Bony labyrinth - Spiral organ
Vestibular apparatus
Which of the following is NOT part of the organ of Corti? - Vestibular membrane - Tectorial membrane - Basilar membrane - Hair cells with sensory fiber
Vestibular membrane
The semicircular canals contain - a basilar membrane - a tectorial membrane - an otolithic membrane - a cupula
a cupula
Which of the following statements about olfaction is TRUE? - adaptation is fast - receptors are chemoreceptors - receptors are bipolar neurons - receptors are G protein coupled - all of the above
all of the above
The macula of the utricle and saccule contains: - a basilar membrane - a tectorial membrane - an otolithic membrane - a cupula
an otolithic membrane
Sensorineural deafness can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT________. - excessively loud noises - build up of wax in the ears - infection of the inner ear - loss of hair cells in the cochlea
build up of wax in the ears
Which structure is NOT part of the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear? - cochlea - oval window - round window
cochlea
The hertz is a measure of________. - distance - frequency - duration - intensity
frequency
Receptor (generator) receptors are: - all-or-none - graded
graded
Sensations are sharpened via________. - two-point discrimination - adaptation - lateral inhibition - phantom limb
lateral inhibition
Vibrations in the stapes directly induce vibrations in the ________. - tympanic membrane - incus - round window - oval window
oval window
Light is an example of a stimulus for: - mechanoreceptors - chemoreceptors - photoreceptors - thermoreceptors - nociceptors
photoreceptors
Age-related hearing impairment is known as________. - presbycusis - presbyopia - conduction deafness - otosclerosis
presbycusis
As ________ increases, the two-point threshold decreases. - receptor number - receptor density - receptor sensitivity - receptor sensation
receptor density
Which of the following statements about gustation is TRUE? - receptors are chemoreceptors - receptors are bipolar neurons - all receptors are G protein coupled - all of the above
receptors are chemoreceptors
Which of the following statements about the cochlea is TRUE? - the scala vestibuli contains endolymph - the scala tympani transmits sound waves to the oval window - the scala tympani contains endolymph - the scala vestibuli transmits sound waves to the round window - the scala media contains endolymph
the scala media contains endolymph
Which of the following statements about the cochlea is TRUE? - the scala vestibuli contains perilymph - the scala tympani transmits sound waves to the oval window - the scala tympani contains endolymph - the scala vestibuli transmits sound waves to the round window - the scala media contains perilymph
the scala vestibuli contains perilymph
Which of the following statements about the cochlea is TRUE? - the scala vestibuli contains endolymph - the scala tympani transmits sound waves to the oval window - the scala tympani contains endolymph - the scala vestibuli receives sound waves from the oval window - the scala media contains perilymph
the scala vestibuli receives sound waves from the oval window
As auditory hair cell stereocilia bend toward the shortest stereocilia, ion channels close, thereby preventing receptor potentials. - true - false
true
Phasic receptors adapt rapidly to maintained stimuli. - true - false
true
Temperature receptors adapt quickly. - true - false
true