Lifespan growth and development: Chapters 3 & 4

As William is laying his infant down in the crib at bedtime, he gently removes his hand from the back of the baby's head and neck, and the baby thrusts its arms outward appearing to grasp onto something. This is known as the ________ reflex. A) Moro B) Babinski C) startle D) swimming

A) Moro

Meredith is a 17-year-old adolescent female who weighs approximately 82 pounds and is gaunt and frail with a skeletal appearance. Although she fears food and eating, she focuses on food by talking about food, collecting cookbooks, and cooking huge meals for others. Whenever she looks at herself in the mirror, her perception of her body is distorted in that she thinks she is disgustingly fat. Meredith is suffering from which of the following disorders? A) anorexia nervosa B) obesity C) malnutrition D) bulimia

A) anorexia nervosa

Research indicates that there are minor structural differences in male and female brains. For example, a section of the __________ is proportionally larger in women that in men. A) corpus callosum B) frontal lobe C) temporal lobe D) parietal lobe

A) corpus callosum

Infants who receive adequate nutrition but act as though they have been deprived of food because they are listless and apathetic are exhibiting A) nonorganic failure to thrive. B) marasmus C) kwashiorkor. D) undernutrition

A) nonorganic failure to thrive.

_________ receive messages from other cells, and at their opposite end there is a long extension called a(n) __________ which carries the messages. A) Neurons; dendrite B) Dendrites; axon C) Axons; synapses D) Synapses; neuron

B) Dendrites; axon

Which of the following is the MOST COMMON MENTAL DISORDER of the elderly, covering several diseases, each of which includes serious memory loss accompanied by declines in other mental functioning? A) glaucoma B) dementia C) Alzheimer's Disease D) schizoaffective disorder

B) dementia

The most common nutritional concern during adolescence is A) anorexia nervosa. B) obesity. C) bulimia. D) malnutrition.

B) obesity.

Which of the following most likely contributes to the high level of accidents in the preschool-age group? A) parent neglect; parent working full time; lack of supervision B) preschooler's high level of physical activity; curiosity; lack of judgement C) dangerous furniture; unsafe living conditions; poor lighting D) lack of quality day care; lack of supervision; poorly trained day care workers

B) preschooler's high level of physical activity; curiosity; lack of judgement

According to researchers Arnold Lazarus and Susan Folkman, the assessment of an event to determine whether its implications are postive, negative, or neutral is called A) psychological review. B) primary appraisal. C) secondary appraisal. D) psychological challenge.

B) primary appraisal.

What is the term for unlearned, unorganized, involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli? A) autostimulation B) reflexes C) rhythms D) cycles

B) reflexes

Which of the following STIs can be fatal? A) chlamydia B) genital herpes C) AIDS D) gonorrhea

C) AIDS

Behavior that is categorized by competitiveness, impatience, and a tendency toward frustration and hostility is called A) Type B behavior pattern. B) psychological imbalance. C) Type A behavior pattern. D) polyphasic activities.

C) Type A behavior pattern.

What is considered the greatest risk to the health and well-being of a preschool age child? A) illness B) nutritional problems C) accidents D) neglect

C) accidents

When a person attempts coping that involves unconscious strategies that distort or deny the true nature of a situation, this is called A) emotion-focused coping. B) hardiness. C) defensive coping. D) substitution.

C) defensive coping.

What is the term for the approach that considers how information that is collected by various individual sensory systems is integrated and coordinated? A) sensorymodal approach to perception B) unimodal approach to perception C) multimodal approach to perception D) megamodal approach to perception

C) multimodal approach to perception

The basic nerve cell of the nervous system is called a A) synapse. B) dendrite. C) neuron. D) myelin.

C) neuron.

Communication with other neurons is done by means of _________ that travel across the small gaps called ______________. A) myelin; synapses B) dendrites; myelin C) neurotransmitters; synapses D) axons; synapses

C) neurotransmitters; synapses

The researcher Robert Frantz discovered that A) newborn infants prefer to look at simple stimuli rather than complex stimuli. B) when given a choice of visual stimuli, newborn infants don't show a preference C) newborn infants prefer to look at complex stimuli rather than simple stimuli D) newborn infants are too young to concentrate on visual stimuli; therefore, it's impossible to measure their preference.

C) newborn infants prefer to look at complex stimuli rather than simple stimuli

A condition in which the bones become brittle, fragile and thin, often brought about by a lack of calcium in the diet is called A) osteopathy. B) endocrinology. C) osteoporosis. D) rickets.

C) osteoporosis

The term for physical declines brought about by environmental factors of an individual's behavioral choices is A) risk factors. B) maturity. C) secondary aging. D) primary aging.

C) secondary aging.

According to researchers Arnold Lazarus and Susan Folkman, the assessment of whether one's coping abilities and resources are adequate to overcome the harm, threat, or challenge posed by the potential stressor is called A) psychological review. B) primary appraisal. C) secondary appraisal. D) psychological challenge.

C) secondary appraisal.

Some experts suggest that some adolescent eating disorders are a result of A) cognitive impairment. B) low expectations of parents and teachers. C) stressful situations and cultural demands. D) psychosis.

C) stressful situations and cultural demands.

Which of the following is the most likely reason for adolescent impulsiivity and risky behaviors? A) ADD/ADHD B) developing myelination of nerve cells which makes the transmisson of neural messages more efficient C) the adolescent prefrontal cortex is biologically immature D) Alterations of dopamine sensitivity

C) the adolescent prefrontal cortex is biologically immature

The American College of Sports Medicine and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that people should accumulate A) 10 minutes of moderate physical activity at least 7 days a week. B) 60 minutes of moderate physical activity at least 4 days a week. C) 30 minutes of moderate physical activity at least 2 days a week. D) 30 minutes of moderate physical activity at least 5 days a week.

D) 30 minutes of moderate physical activity at least 5 days a week.

The average preschool child has _________ colds and other respiratory illnesses in each of the years from age 3 to 5. A) 1-2 B) 3-5 C) 5-8 D) 7-10

D) 7-10

Which of the following researchers suggests a flexible approach to toilet training, which advocates that it be put off until the child shows signs of readiness? A) Rosemond B) Ainsworth C) Skinner D) Brazelton

D) Brazelton

__________ is the degree to which a developing structure or behavior is modifiable due to experience. A) Synaptic pruning B) Principle of Independence of Systems C) Myelination D) Plasticity

D) Plasticity

All of the following are reasons why adolescents become addicted to smoking EXCEPT A) the influence of the media. B) it is glamorized by figures in popular culture such as actors in films for adolescents. C) the nicotine in cigarettes is highly addictive. D) adolescents think that smoking cigarettes is safer than using illicit drugs.

D) adolescents think that smoking cigarettes is safer than using illicit drugs.

Which of the following is NOT considered a psychosomatic disorder? A) asthma B) arthritis C) ulcers D) cancer

D) cancer

Many preventative and diagnostic medical tests are routinely recommended for middle-aged adults because A) middle-aged adults are involved in more accidents. B) middle-aged adults are more likely to visit their doctors. C) more middle-aged adults have stable health insurance. D) certain chronic diseases begin to appear in middle age.

D) certain chronic diseases begin to appear in middle age.

What does the American Academy of Pediatrics suggest to prevent SIDS? A) autostimulation B) no blankets or toys in the crib C) frequent naps D) giving the baby a pacifier during naps and bedtime

D) giving the baby a pacifier during naps and bedtime

All of the following are gross motor skills EXCEPT A) descending a stairway B) hop 4 to 6 steps on one foot C) start and stop effectively in games D) holding/manipulating a pencil

D) holding/manipulating a pencil

The study of psychoneuroimmunology suggests that when a stressful situation is encountered several biological reactions occur, including all of the following EXCEPT A) hormone secretion. B) rise in heart rate and blood pressure. C) increased respiration and sweating. D) lightheadedness or unconscious episodes.

D) lightheadedness or unconscious episodes.

Allison is having a great deal of difficulty in her statistics class. She goes to her teacher to discuss ways in which she can improve her skills, or even drop the class if necessary. Allison is demonstrating A) coping. B) emotion-focused coping. C) defensive coping D) problem-focused coping.

D) problem-focused coping.

Waking, eating, sleeping and elimination are important parts of a baby's A) patterns. B) cycles. C) training. D) rhythms.

D) rhythms.