Linux+ Chapter 2

Two Main Logging Packages in Linux

"rsyslogd", "journald"

Two primary ways Linux servers run service programs:

1. As a background process. 2. As a process spawned by a parent program

What server role should you implement to increase performance on your company's website?

A Load balancer sends client requests to one server within a cluster of servers to balance the traffic among the servers.

Clustering

A computer cluster improves application performance by dividing applications functions among multiple servers.

What allows your developers to easily deploy applications between development, test, and production?

A container. Allows developers to develop applications in a controlled environment that can easily be deployed to other servers.

Difference between relational database and a NoSQL database

A relational database stores data records in individual data tables. Each data type consists of one or more data fields that contain individual data elements. A data record is an instance of data for each data field in a table. A NoSQL database stores data values in documents. Each document is independent of all of the other documents in the database. Each documents can also contain different elements.

What server role should you implement to block your local network clients from accessing sports website during business hours?

A web proxy server allows you to intercept client web requests and block any requests based on rules that you define.

Telnet

An unsecure protocol for providing an interactive interface to the server shell

Which web server is used in the popular LAMP stack?

Apache

Apache

By far the most popular web server on the internet. Popular for its modularity.

Containers

Create a self-contained environment to encapsulate applications. Allowing developers to migrate the same environment used to develop an application to a production environment, ensuring that applications will work the same in both development and production.

FTP

File Transfer Protocol is used for sending files to and from a server

If you see the "named" program running in the background on your Linux server, what service does it provide?

Hostname resolution. ("named" is part of the BIND application)

HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol allows clients to request web pages from servers

IMAP

Internet Message Access Protocol provides advanced mailbox services for clients

What format does MongoDB use to store data elements in the database?

JSON format is used for storing data records

LDAP

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol provides access to directory services for authenticating users, workstations, and other network devices.

LAMP stack

Linux operating system, Apache webserver, MySQL database server and PHP programming language to provide a platform for web applications

How can a Linux server share files on a local network?

Linux servers can use the nfs-util package to communicate with other servers to share folders using NFS. The local Linux server can mount folders from the remote Linux server as if they were local disks. Linux servers can also use the Samba package to share files on Windows local networks with Windows clients and servers as well as map folders located on Windows servers.

daemon

Linux service program that runs continually as a background process. (often end with the letter "d")

SMB

Microsoft servers use the Service Message Block protocol for file and print sharing with clients. (Samba software package created to allow Linux to communicate with Windows clients and servers)

Which open source database provided fast performance and became a popular choice for web applications?

MySQL

What protocol should you use to mount folders from remote Linux servers on your local Linux server?

NFS protocol

Which authentication package used to be called by the name "Yellow Pages"?

NIS package

NIS

Network Information System is a directory service that allows both clients and servers to share a common naming directory

NTP

Network Time Protocol allows servers and clients to synchronize on the same time source across multiple networks.

What package allows you to create a secure tunnel across a private network to access your local network remotely?

OpenSSH

How does a server know what client request is sent to which application daemon?

Ports

POP

Post Office Protocol, allows clients to communicate with a mail server to read messages in their mailbox

Services

Programs running on a server that provide shared resources

SSH

Secure Shell protocol is used for sending encrypted data to a server

How do clients know how to contact a server program?

Server applications listen for client connections on well-known ports. Clients must send a connection request to the server on the well-known port for the application they want to interact with.

SNMP

Simple Network Management Protocol provides a way for an admin to query remote network devices and servers to obtain information about their configuration, status and performance.

What software package allows a Linux server to print to a network printer?

The CUPS application

Which servers packages are commonly used to support network features on a local network

The DHCPd package provides DHCP server services to assign IP addresses to clients. The BIND package provides DNS server services to both clients and servers on a local network for hostname resolution. The net-smp package allows you to implement remote device management using SNMP, and you can use the ntpd package to create an NTP time server for the local network.

What package do you need to install to allow your Linux server to provide IP addresses to clients on your local network?

The DHCPd provides DHCP server services on a local network

DNS

The Domain Name System provides a name service to match IP addresses to computer names on a network

DHCP

The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol enables client computers to obtain a valid IP address on a network automatically

Which part of the Linux mail process allows you to create filters to automatically redirect incoming mail messages?

The MDA allows you to create filters to match email messages to redirect to other folders

Which part of the Linux mail process if responsible for sending emails to remote hosts?

The MTA package is responsible for connecting with remote mail hosts to deliver messages.

NFS

The Network File System provides files sharing between Unix and Linux systems. In Linux the software package is called "nfs-utils"

How to create a network directory server using Linux?

The OpenLDAP package allows you to create an LDAP directory of users and devices on the local network. Clients and other servers can use the LDAP directory to authenticate users and devices on the network.

What software package allows your Windows workstation to mount a folder stored on a Linux server?

The Samba software package

SMTP

The Simple Mail Transport Protocol is used for sending email between servers

What popular open source web server can also perform as a load balancer?

The nginX can also perform as a load balancer and send client requests to multiple backend web servers.

nginX Server

Web server designed to replace Apache, improving on performance and providing extra features. One popular configuration is to use nginX server on the front end with multiple Apache servers on the back end.

Which software program should you load on your Linux server to synchronize its time with a standard server?

ntpd

inetd

original super-server program created for Linux

What TWO software packages are used in Linux to maintain log files?

rsyslogd and journald