LUOA girls heath and P.E. Module 4
____________________________ is caused by plaque buildup in the walls of the arteries that supply blood to the heart (called coronary arteries) and other parts of the body.
coronary artery disease
Several factors are thought to increase your chances of developing asthma include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
having another allergic condition such as atopic dermatitis or allergic rhinitis, having a blood relative with asthma, being overweight, being a smoker
One of __________ heart attacks is silent—the damage is done, but the person is not aware of it.
five
Which of the following are risk factors for type 1 diabetes? (Select all that apply.)
geography, age, genetics, family history
________________ diabetes develops during pregnancy. Like other types of diabetes, it diabetes affects how your cells use sugar (glucose). It also causes high blood sugar that can affect pregnancy and the unborn baby's health
gestational
Your risk of having a stroke is higher if you ________________________________. (Select all that apply.)
have a family history of stroke, heart attack, or transient ischemic attack, are black, have had a previous stroke or transient ischemic attack, are female
_________________________ is developing individual, group, institutional, community, and systemic strategies to improve health knowledge, attitudes, skills, and behavior.
health promotion
________________________________ are unhealthy behaviors you can change.
health risk behaviors
Your risk of having a stroke is higher if you ________________________________. (Select all that apply.)
have cardiovascular disease, have high blood pressure, are a heavy or binge drinker, are older than 55 years old, have obstructive sleep apnea
__________________________ in often the result of coronary artery disease and occurs when a part of the heart muscle doesn't receive enough blood flow because of blockage, and that causes damage to part of the heart muscle, or part of the heart muscle dies.
heart attack
In the United States, what is the leading cause of death among people from most ethnic backgrounds (Caucasian, African-American, Hispanic)?
heart disease
A/an ____________ stroke occurs if an artery that supplies oxygen-rich blood to the brain becomes blocked. Blood clots often cause the blockages that lead to this type of stroke.
ischemic
Which of the following is the more common type of stroke?
ischemic
Which of the following are possible complications of diabetes? (Select all that apply.)
kidney damage, nerve damage, eye damage, cardiovascular disease
The two goals of diabetes treatment are to _______________________________ and to________________________________. (Select two.)
make sure you feel well day-to-day, prevent or delay long-term health problems
What is another name for is a transient ischemic attack?
mini-stroke
Which of the following are common allergens? (Select all that apply.)
mold, latex, cockroaches, drugs
What is another name for a heart attack?
myocardial infarction
In the United States, someone dies from an event related to heart disease every ___________.
one minute
dilated
one of the pumping chambers (ventricles) of the heart is enlarged.
Which of the following are risk factors for type 2 diabetes? (Select all that apply.)
overweight and obesity, history of hyperglycemia, prediabetes, and/or gestational diabetes, race and ethnicity, family history, physical inactivity
An allergic reaction typically triggers symptoms in the _________, __________, __________, __________, __________, lining of the stomach, or on the skin. (Select five.)
sinuses, lungs, ears, nose, throat
Which of the following are key risk factors for heart disease? (Select all that apply.)
smoking, high blood pressure, high LDL cholesterol levels
Symptoms of allergies might include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
sneezing, headache, nausea, swelling, runny nose, diarrhea, skin rash
What are the three different types of diabetes? (Select three.)
type 1, type 2, gestational
______________ diabetes is the most common form of diabetes.
type 2
Your risk of having a stroke is higher if you ________________________________. (Select all that apply.)
use illicit drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamines, are overweight or obese, have high cholesterol levels, have uncontrolled diabetes, smoke or are exposed to secondhand smoke
Which of the following are risk factors for developing an allergy or allergies? (Select all that apply.)
you have asthma or another allergic condition, you have a family history of asthma or allergies, you are a child
About __________ of strokes are ischemic strokes.
85%
In _____________ diabetes, your immune system mistakenly destroys the cells in your pancreas that make insulin. Your body treats these cells as invaders and destroys them. This can happen over a few weeks, months, or years.
Type 1
Which of the following are signs and symptoms of asthma? (Select all that apply.)
a whistling or wheezing sound when exhaling, trouble sleeping caused by shortness of breath, shortness of breath, chest tightness or pain, coughing or wheezing attacks that are worsened by a virus.
Asthma triggers are different from person to person and can include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
GERD, certain medications, strong emotions and stress, air pollutants and irritants, sulfites and preservatives
List 5 of your personal risk factors for heart disease, and explain why they could lead to heart disease.
High LDL intake, being around smokers, drinkers, people who are obese, and having a poor diet sometimes.
The most common type of heart disease in the United States is __________.
coronary artery disease
Which of the following is the abbreviation/acronym for telling if someone might be having a stroke?
FAST
Based on information from 2012, about _______ of all adults (117 million people) had one or more chronic health conditions.
50%
Preventing disease increases productivity; asthma, high blood pressure, smoking, and obesity each reduce annual productivity by between _______________ per person.
$200 and $440
Having blood pressure over _____________ millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) is linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
140/90
Obesity is a serious health concern. During 2009-2010, more than one-third of adults (or about 78 million people) were obese. Nearly ________ of youths between the ages of 2 and 19 years were obese.
20%
Based on information from 2012, about ______ of all adults had two or more chronic health conditions.
25%
Each day, more than __________ youth under age 18 smoke their first cigarette, and another 2,100 youth and young adults who smoke every now and then become daily smokers.
3,200
In 2011, ________ of adolescents and ________ of adults said they ate less than one serving of fruit each day.
36%-38%
In 2011, ________ of adolescents and ________ of adults said they ate less than one serving of vegetables less than once each day.
38% / 23%
Although type 1 diabetes can appear at any age, it appears at two noticeable peaks. The first peak occurs in children between ___________________, and the second is in children between ______________________.
4 and 7 years old / 10 and 14 years old
In the United States, someone has a heart attack every __________.
42 seconds
About __________ of all adults in the U.S. have at least one of the following major risk factors for heart disease or stroke: uncontrolled high blood pressure, uncontrolled high LDL cholesterol, or are current smokers.
47%
In 2010, seven of the top 10 causes of death were due to chronic diseases. Together, heart disease and cancer together accounted for nearly ______ of all deaths.
48%
Type 1 diabetes affects about ________ of people in the United States with diabetes.
5%
Drinking too much alcohol is responsible for ____________ deaths each year, more than half of which are due to binge drinking. Around 38 million US adults report binge drinking an average of 4 times a month, and have an average of 8 drinks per binge, yet most binge drinkers are not alcohol dependent.
88,000
Consuming too much sodium increases the risk of high blood pressure. Approximately ______ of Americans consume too much sodium.
90%
arrhythmia
Abnormal heart rhythm
What is generally considered the most important step in preventing allergic reactions and reducing symptoms?
Allergen avoidance
Health promotion is important for several reasons, including which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
By focusing on prevention, health promotion reduces the costs (both financial and human) that individuals, employers, families, insurance companies, medical facilities, communities, the state, and the nation would spend on medical treatment, Health promotion enhances the quality of life for all people, Health promotion improves the health status of individuals, families, communities, states, and the nation, Health promotion reduces premature deaths
The incidence of type 1 diabetes tends to increase as you travel away from the equator. People living in ____________________________ have the highest incidence of type 1 diabetes — about two to three times higher than rates in the United States and 400 times the incidence among people living in Venezuela.
Finland and Sardinia
__________________________ has/have been correlated with academic achievement, including improved math, reading, and writing scores.
Student fitness levels
For severe allergies or allergies not completely relieved by other treatment, your doctor may recommend ______________________________________. This treatment involves a series of injections of purified allergen extracts, usually given over a period of a few years.
allergen immunotherapy
________________ occur when your immune system reacts to a foreign substance (such as pollen, bee venom, or pet dander) or to a food that doesn't cause a reaction in most people.
allergies
When your heart muscle doesn't get enough blood, you may have chest pain or discomfort, called ________________, which is the most common symptom of coronary artery disease.
angina
Your immune system produces substances known as __________________. When you have allergies, your immune system makes ____________________ that identify a particular allergen as harmful, even though it isn't. When you encounter the allergen, your immune system's reaction can inflame your skin, sinuses, airways, or digestive system. (Note: The same word is used in both blanks.)
antibodies
___________________ is when the heart beats too slowly, too fast, or in an irregular way.
arrhythmia
Which of the following are the main types of cardiomyopathy? (Select all that apply.)
arrhythmogenic, restrictive, hypertrophic, dilated
Plaque buildup causes the inside of the arteries to narrow over time, which could partially or totally block the blood flow. This process is called _________________.
atherosclerosis
What is the most common type of heart arrhythmia?
atrial fibrillation
Focusing on preventing disease and illness __________ they occur will create healthier homes, workplaces, schools, and communities so that people can live long and productive lives and reduce their healthcare costs.
before
List 5 risk factors for a stroke and 5 symptoms of a stroke
being overweight, being obese, binge drinking alcohol, high cholesterol, or have uncontrollable diabetes are all risk factors of a stroke. Numbness of the face, weakness of body parts, slurred speech, loss of vision, and extreme headaches are all symptoms of heart attacks.
People from which of the following ethnic groups have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes? (Select all that apply.)
blacks, blacks, american indians, asian-americans
In the United States, what is the leading cause of death among Asian Americans, Asian Pacific Islanders, American Indians, and Alaska natives?
cancer
_______________________ represents a collection of diverse conditions of the heart muscle. These diseases have many causes, symptoms, and treatments and can affect people of all ages and races. When it occurs, the normal muscle in the heart can thicken, stiffen, thin out, or fill with substances the body produces that do not belong in the heart muscle. As a result, the heart muscle's ability to pump blood is reduced, which can lead to irregular heartbeats, the backup of blood into the lungs or rest of the body, and heart failure.
cardiomyopathy
Type 1 diabetes is not _________________ and it is not __________________. (Select two.)
contagious, caused by eating sugar
Which of the following are ways you can reduce your risk of having a stroke? (Select all that apply.)
control your cholesterol levels, if you have diabetes, control your blood sugar level, maintain a healthy weight, get regular physical activity
What is a problem with your body that causes blood glucose (sugar) levels to rise higher than normal? (Select two.)
diabetes, hyperglycemia
Which of the following are common allergens? (Select all that apply.)
dust, food, pets, insect stings
Expectant moms can help control gestational diabetes by ___________________, _________________ and, if necessary, _____________________. (Select three.)
eating healthy foods, taking medication, exercising
A/an ___________ stroke occurs when a blood clot or other debris forms away from your brain (commonly in your heart) and is swept through your bloodstream to lodge in narrower brain arteries.
embolic
The most common ischemic strokes include which of the following? (Select two.)
embolic stroke, thrombotic stroke
Given for severe allergic reactions, an ______________ can reduce symptoms until you get emergency treatment.
epinephrine shot
List 5 risk factors for diabetes.
family history, genetics, geography, age, and being born with jaundice
A/an ________________ stroke occurs if an artery in the brain leaks blood or ruptures (breaks open). The pressure from the leaked blood damages brain cells. High blood pressure and aneurysms are examples of conditions that can cause this type of stroke.
hemorrhagic
What is the biggest risk factor for stroke that you can control?
high blood pressure
Which of the following are ways you can reduce your risk of having a stroke? (Select all that apply.)
if you have diabetes, control your blood sugar level, control your cholesterol levels, get regular physical activity, maintain a healthy weight
Which of the following are allergy treatments? (Select all that apply.)
immunotherapy, allergen avoidance, emergency epinephrine, medications
People with type 1 diabetes must take _____________ several times a day to keep their blood glucose under control.
insulin
When you eat your body breaks food down into glucose and sends it into the blood. ____________ then helps move the glucose from the blood into your cells.
insulin
Type 2 diabetes is usually treated with _____________________, _______________________, and ___________________. (Select three.)
insulin, oral medications, lifestyle changes
Cardiomyopathy can also occur in children regardless of age, race, and gender, and this is known as __________________________. It can be inherited or acquired through a viral infection and sometimes the cause is unknown. It is a frequent cause of sudden cardiac arrest in the young.
pediatric cardiomyopathy
Asthma triggers are different from person to person and can include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
physical activity, respiratory infections, airborne substances such as pollen dust mites, mold spores, pet dander or cockroach waste, cold air
Which of the following physical conditions and lifestyle choices that increase the risk of developing heart disease? (Select all that apply.)
poor diet, being overweight, excessive alcohol use, being obese, diabetes, not being physically active, being underweight
Which of the following are ways you can reduce your risk of having a stroke? (Select all that apply.)
reduce the amount of alcohol you drink, if you are a smoker, stop smoking, control your blood pressure
Which of the following are the main types of cardiomyopathy? (Select all that apply.)
restrictive, dilated, hypertrophic, arrhythmogenic
Which of the following behaviors increase the risk of developing diseases and chronic conditions? (Select all that apply.)
sedentary lifestyle, sexual behavior that causes unintended pregnancy and disease, dietary and hygienic practices that cause disease
________________________________ deaths among Americans each year are from chronic diseases (such as cancer and heart disease), and almost half of adults has at least one chronic illness, many of which are preventable.
seven out of 10
In a(n) _________________________________, an artery on or near the surface of your brain bursts and spills into the space between the surface of your brain and your skull. This bleeding is often signaled by a sudden, severe headache.
subarachnoid hemorrhage
Types of hemorrhagic stroke include which of the following? (Select two.)
subarachnoid, intracerebral
Examples of stroke symptoms include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
sudden weakness, trouble speaking, trouble seeing, trouble understanding speech, paralysis or numbness of the face, arms, or legs
Hypertrophic
the heart muscles enlarged.
Today, almost one in every ________ children in America is overweight or obese, which predisposes them to chronic disease.
three
A/an ______________ stroke occurs when a blood clot forms in one of the arteries that supply blood to your brain. A clot may be caused by fatty deposits that build up in arteries and cause reduced blood flow or other artery conditions.
thrombotic
Which of the following are purposes of health promotion? (Select two.)
to positively influence the health behavior of individuals and communities, to positively influence any living and working conditions that influence their health
Which of the following behaviors increase the risk of developing diseases and chronic conditions? (Select all that apply.)
tobacco use, behaviors that result in injury or violence, alcohol and substance use
Four of health risk behaviors cause much of the illness, suffering, and early death related to chronic diseases and conditions. Which of the following are those four health risk behaviors? (Select four)
tobacco use, drinking too much alcohol, poor nutrition, lack of exercise or physical activity
Which of the following are symptoms of a stroke? (Select all that apply.)
trouble making or understanding what others are saying, sudden severe headache with no known cause, falling or unstable walking, sudden weakness or numbness of the face, arm, or leg on one side of your body, sudden dimness or loss of vision, particularly in one eye, sudden unexplained dizziness