M53-55

Who emphasized the importance of active listening in the process of psychotherapy? Hans Eysenck Sigmund Freud Mary Cover Jones Carl Rogers

Carl Rogers

_____, a _____ theorist, developed person-centered therapy. Carl Rogers; humanistic Aaron Beck; cognitive Aaron Beck; humanistic Carl Rogers; cognitive

Carl Rogers; humanistic

According to one study, good therapies share much in common, including: a professional, slightly removed relationship with the therapist. the goal of insight into unconscious conflict. a new perspective. the length of the therapeutic relationship.

a new perspective.

evidence-based practice:

evidence-based practice:clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences.

All of these are true about humanistic therapists EXCEPT that humanistic therapists: believe the present and future are more important than the past. focus more on the collective unconsciousness than conscious. believe the path to growth includes taking immediate responsibility for one's feelings. attempt to reduce growth-impeding inner conflicts by providing clients with insight.

focus more on the collective unconsciousness than conscious.

Dr. Barlow states that most individuals wish to become better people and that today's problems are more important than the experiences of the past. Dr. Barlow's beliefs are MOST consistent with _____ therapy. cognitive behavior psychoanalytic humanistic

humanistic

Constance suffers from generalized anxiety disorder and Steven suffers from depression. What class of medication are they MOST likely to be prescribed? Both will receive antipsychotic drugs. Constance will receive an antipsychotic drug, and Steven will receive an antidepressant. Both will receive antidepressants. Both will receive antianxiety drugs.

Both will receive antidepressants.

_____ therapy makes people aware of their irrational negative thinking and trains them to react more positively in everyday settings. Cognitive Cognitive-behavioral Humanistic Psychoanalytic

Cognitive-behavioral

_____ therapists aim to boost self-fulfillment by helping people grow in self-awareness and self-acceptance. Cognitive Psychoanalytic Behavior Humanistic

Humanistic

meta-analysis:

a statistical procedure for analyzing the results of multiple studies to reach an overall conclusion.

Although Justin's therapist attends to what he has to say without judgment, she also seeks understanding by paraphrasing as well as asking for clarification and then reflecting Justin's feelings. Justin's therapist is using a therapeutic technique known as: transference. active listening. counterconditioning. free association

active listening.

Yvonne works for a government agency where she treats those who have psychological disorders. In order to do this, she has a Psy.D. When she was younger, she also had a supervised internship and postdoctoral training. Yvonne is MOST likely a: counselor. clinical psychologist. psychiatrist. psychiatric social worker.

clinical psychologist

Adam's therapist believes in using only empirically supported therapies for treating his depression. She will probably use: behavior conditioning. light exposure therapy. family therapy. cognitive therapy.

cognitive therapy.

Which technique is MOST closely associated with cognitive therapy? active listening ranking thoughts and emotions free association dream interpretation

ranking thoughts and emotions

In an eating disorders clinic, the patients receive merits for good eating behaviors, such as finishing their meal and not exercising after their meal, and for appropriate behaviors in the unit. This BEST illustrates an application of: virtual reality exposure therapy. the token economy. systematic desensitization. cognitive therapy.

the token economy.

Dr. Wagner works in a large hospital. She specializes in treating adolescents with eating disorders. She prescribes antidepressants and, occasionally, antianxiety medication for some of her patients. Based on this information, Dr. Wagner is a: clinical psychologist. psychiatric social worker. counselor. psychiatrist.

psychiatrist.

Lindsey is a physician who specializes in the treatment of psychological disorders. She is an M.D. and can prescribe medication. Lindsey is MOST likely a: psychiatrist. clinical psychologist. psychiatric social worker. counselor.

psychiatrist.

_____ has/have NOT been successfully treated with behavior therapy. Sexual dysfunctions Posttraumatic stress disorder Bed-wetting Phobias

Posttraumatic stress disorder

If a person routinely takes antianxiety medication for an extended period of time, what is the MOST debilitating symptom likely experienced if the person stops taking the drug? dry mouth intense anxiety fatigue insomnia

intense anxiety

confirmation bias

a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence.

Tasha wants to help a family member who suffers from depression and has not found relief with therapy or medication. Tasha would probably recommend _____ as the safest option because there are very few dangerous side effects. transcranial magnetic stimulation psychosurgery electroconvulsive therapy drug combinations

transcranial magnetic stimulation

A client developing an unhealthy dependence on his therapist similar to his relationship with his domineering parents is MOST likely demonstrating: countertransference. transference. resistance. blocking.

transference.

Todd is attracted to his therapist. His attraction reflects the feelings he had toward his mother when he was a young boy in the midst of the Oedipal conflict. Todd's experience illustrates: repression. resistance. transference. free association.

transference.

Sharif has mild depression. Recently, he read that therapeutic lifestyle change research has shown that something as simple as frequent _____ can relieve symptoms. food intake walks in the woods psychosurgery reading

walks in the woods

Classical psychoanalysts are especially interested in: interpreting the meaning of clients' resistance to therapeutic procedures. discouraging clients from using antianxiety or antidepressant drugs. minimizing the possibility that clients would experience anxiety during therapy. encouraging clients by exhibiting genuineness and acceptance.

interpreting the meaning of clients' resistance to therapeutic procedures.

Aaron, a man in his fifties suffering from depression, is considering trying deep-brain stimulation (DBS) to alleviate his symptoms. His review of the research, however, shows that there is a _____ percent chance that the treatment will not help at all. 30 90 10 60

30

Patty is a recovering addict. After several years of clean time, Patty completed a 16-week course in addiction counseling. She now helps fellow addicts at a residential treatment center. Patty is BEST described as a: paraprofessional. counselor. psychiatric social worker. clinical social worker.

paraprofessional.

The goal of an approach to psychotherapy known as _____ is to help patients gain insight into repressed impulses and conflicts. cognitive therapy person-centered therapy psychoanalysis exposure

psychoanalysis

therapeutic alliance:

a bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work together constructively to overcome the client's problem.

The fact that electroconvulsive therapy, massage therapy, and transcranial magnetic stimulation all alleviate severe depression suggests that the common underlying factor may be: a change in the level of stimulation to the brain. any type of change. observation effects. spontaneous improvement unrelated to treatment.

a change in the level of stimulation to the brain.

Dexter's therapist takes careful notes of Dexter's dreams as well as his resistance to talk about certain sensitive issues in an effort to provide his _____ of Dexter's disorder. transference meta-analysis algorithm interpretation

interpretation

A research team combines the results of nearly two dozen studies examining the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy in treating self-injurious behavior among clients with borderline personality disorder. The research team is conducting a: meta-analysis. factor analysis. correlation study. descriptive study.

meta-analysis.

Psy.D. is to Ph.D. as _____ is to _____. counselor; clinical psychologist psychiatrist; clinical psychologist research training; therapy emphasis therapy emphasis; research training

therapy emphasis; research training

One of the reasons why it is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapies is that even when a problem still exists, clients: will seek another therapist. will work hard to find something positive to say about the therapist. are reluctant to relive the experience of bad therapy and generally will not talk to researchers. will stop seeking therapeutic help.

will work hard to find something positive to say about the therapist.

Agnes is a graduate student in psychology who suffers from depression. She has been on antidepressants for years with marginal effect. Instead of taking additional medication or undergoing brain stimulation, her therapist recently encouraged her to review research on therapeutic lifestyle change. Agnes noticed that those who went through the 12-week training program performed all of the following EXCEPT: . sleeping 7 to 8 hours every night. enhancing positive thinking. engaging in at least 30 minutes of aerobic exercise daily. avoiding omega-3 fatty acids.

avoiding omega-3 fatty acids.

The textbook mentions several conditions that may be treated by online and app-based therapies. These conditions do NOT include: insomnia. depression. bipolar disorder. anxiety.

bipolar disorder.

Cognitive therapists are MOST likely to: employ personality tests to accurately diagnose their clients' difficulties. systematically associate clients' undesirable behaviors with unpleasant experiences. emphasize the importance of clients' personal interpretations of life events. focus special attention on clients' positive and negative feelings about their therapists.

emphasize the importance of clients' personal interpretations of life events.

In a residential treatment facility for troubled youth, adolescent children receive large colored buttons when they hang up their clothes, make their beds, and come to meals on time. The children return the buttons to staff members to receive bedtime snacks or television privileges. This BEST illustrates an application of: virtual reality exposure therapy. cognitive therapy. systematic desensitization. operant conditioning.

operant conditioning.

Delores has been in therapy for 2 years, but her last session is today. If you ask her next month how effective her psychotherapy was, she is likely to: overestimate its effectiveness. underestimate its effectiveness. underestimate the help her therapist gave her. not think it was worth the effort.

overestimate its effectiveness.

55. _ is the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior.

psychopharmacology

Barry's good friend has been dealing with severe anxiety for the last few months. However, he is reluctant to see a therapist because he is hoping that his anxious feelings will eventually go away. What can Barry say that might convince his friend that seeing a therapist would be beneficial? Those not undergoing therapy will not get better. Those undergoing therapy are more likely to improve more quickly and with less risk of relapse. Even when therapy does not work, clients often think that it has worked. Without therapy, extreme or unusual behavior will not improve.

those undergoing therapy are more likely to improve more quickly and with less risk of relapse.

Zander has been struggling with personal issues and has decided to seek help at a mental health clinic. Unfortunately, he was put on a waiting list and told he would likely have to wait several weeks before he could meet with a therapist. According to Hans Eysenck's findings, what do you predict will happen to Zander? The chances are not good that he will improve during this waiting period. The chances are good that he will improve during this waiting period. The chances are very good that he will decline rapidly. It is impossible to predict what will happen since he was not in therapy.

The chances are good that he will improve during this waiting period.

Doug, a person who suffers from depression, recently saw an ad for free medication in return for participation in a new drug trial. Doug was told that he would be participating in a double-blind study. What does that imply? Doug will not receive the medication. His doctor will not know that Doug is a patient in the study. The researcher will not know if Doug is receiving a placebo or the medication. Doug will be blind to the possible side effects of the medication.

The researcher will not know if Doug is receiving a placebo or the medication.

Several years after his wife's death, Mr. Sanchez remains incapacitated by feelings of guilt and sadness. To reduce Mr. Sanchez's depression, a therapist is actively encouraging him to stop blaming himself for his inability to prevent his wife's death. The therapist's approach is MOST representative of: client-centered therapy. systematic desensitization. psychoanalysis. cognitive therapy.

cognitive therapy.

Morton suffers from anxiety. His therapist is training him to replace his catastrophizing thinking with more realistic appraisals and then to gradually engage in activities that normally would be stressful for him. The therapist's approach BEST illustrates: psychoanalysis. cognitive-behavioral therapy. insight therapies. virtual reality exposure therapy.

cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Which sequence correctly arranges types of behavioral therapy, from broadest to MOST specific? counterconditioning, exposure therapy, systematic desensitization systematic desensitization, exposure therapy, counterconditioning systematic desensitization, counterconditioning, exposure therapy exposure therapy, counterconditioning, systematic desensitization

counterconditioning, exposure therapy, systematic desensitization

For patients whose depression has resisted drugs as well as electroconvulsive therapy, neuroscientist Helen Mayberg has developed a new treatment known as: eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). selective serotonin reuptake inhibition (SSRI). deep-brain stimulation. repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS).

deep-brain stimulation.

A therapist takes notes during a free association session with a client so that she may help the client develop insight into unconscious conflicts and motivations. The therapist is BEST described as engaged in: repression. transference. resistance. interpretation.

interpretation.