M8- Challenges of Population Growth and Migration

In 2014, the number of people living as refugees or internally displaced people worldwide was estimated by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) at:

55 million

When did the world's population reach one billion people?

At the beginning of the 19th century

The moderator interviews an economic immigrant from Mexico who builds homes. How much more can he make in the U.S. than in Mexico?

He can make in a day what he would in a week in Mexico

Which of the following are common themes connecting all models of thought on the question of how to address population growth (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

Improving the status of women Increasing sustainability of food production Improvement in water quality Poverty reduction

How is a country's population size (P) determined?

P= (+) births (-) deaths (+) in-migration (-) out-migration

What do we call the "study of population change and characteristics"?

demography

What has been the demographic impact of HIV/AIDS on those countries most highly affected by the disease?

A decline in life expectancy at birth from 62 to 52 between 1995 and 2005

Which of the following are correct statements about fertility rates (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

The fertility rate in poorer (less or least developed) countries is higher, often significantly higher, than replacement level. The fertility rate in more developed regions of the world is higher than the fertility rate in less developed regions. The fertility rate in more developed countries is below replacement and stands at about 1.67 per woman The fertility rate for the world as a whole is about 2.51 births per woman The total fertility rate measures the average number of births per woman of childbearing age

Which writer first proposed a negative relationship between human population growth and the supply of food and other resources?

Thomas Malthus

According to the UN Population Division's 2015 analyses, what is the medium variant projection for the world's population by 2050:

9.7 billion people by 2050

Where do you find the majority of countries identified as the most severely impacted by HIV/AIDS?

Africa

what is replacement fertility?

Approximately 2.1 births per woman

According to the UN's 2015 projections, the two countries with the largest populations will continue to see population growth, but where ___________ is projected to peak in size at 1.42 billion in 2030, _____________ is projected to soon overtake it, reaching an estimated 1.71 billion by the middle of the 21st century.

China / India

The demographic transition model suggests that as societies industrialize and urbanize:

Death rates will fall, and when values shift from large to small families, fertility rates will decline

Which of the following is true about population and population growth (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

European populations make up about 10% of the world's population Patterns of population growth differ significantly between more- and less-developed regions of the world Fertility rates in the least developed countries are declining but still very high Nearly one-fifth of the world's population lives in China NOT: The slowest population growth can be found in Africa

The role of women in population control:

Has been seen as central because women's empowerment tends to lead to smaller but healthier families

U.S. support for international family planning programs:

Has shifted with changing administrations, with Republicans barring fertility control programs that include legal access to abortion, and Democrats supporting such programs

What are some of the reasons for why the world's population drastically increased over the past 70 years (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

Improved food production and distribution Reduced mortality rates Major public health advances NOT: Higher fertility rates Larger migration flows

What do we mean by the term "replacement fertility" (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

It is the rate at which one generation of parents is replacing itself in the next generation It is a term that describes the interaction between constant patterns of childbearing with constant mortality and migration to yield zero population change NOT: It is the rate at which high birthrates are off-set by high volume of out-migration It is the rate at which high death rates are off-set by high immigration

Which of the following are correct statements about the world's population (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

Over the next 30 years, the world's population is projected to increase by between 20% and 50%, or by between 1 Billion and 3.6 Billion people. The world has added one billion people since 2005 The number of persons aged 80 or over is projected to triple by 2050, and by 2100 to increase to nearly seven times the number in 2017 The world has added two billion people since 1993 By 2050, India is projected to be the most populous country in the world. Projections of the world's population in 2050 vary between 8.7 Billion and 10.8 Billion people, depending on the fertility rate. NOT: By 2050, Africa is expected to see the greatest relative loss in population. China is projected to remain the most populous country in the world up to and beyond 2050.

s discussed in the video, many of the immigrants coming into the United States are from:

The Northern Triangle of Central America (Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador), the world's deadliest countries outside war zones

Urbanization," a key dynamic in the movement of people worldwide, has been sparked by such factors as technological change, industrialization, and rural environmental decline. It is seen as an important factor in the demographic transition. Order the countries in the chart above from least urbanized to the most urbanized.

afghanistan india china ireleand USA japan

Which region of the world has 33 of the top 35 countries with the highest birth rates?

africa

Critics of the demographic transition model argue that:

the model applies the record of population change and development in Europe and North America as the universal standard

The majority of the world's refugees and internally displaced people are:

women and children

What do we call the graphical representation of the proportions of persons in different age groups in a population?

A population pyramid

Population projections are not predictions but rather represent a calculation of future population size based on a set of assumptions or variants, including expected fertility rate. Which of the following variants project that the world's total population will surpass 9 Billion people by 2050 (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

Constant Fertility Variant

Which countries will continue to hold the largest share of the world's population?

Countries in Asia

The Cornucopian perspective rests on the following ideas (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers):

Population growth is positive as it increases economic productivity and capacity for economic progress Technological innovation can overcome problems of population growth Use of natural resources is best managed through market forces NOT Abstinence and late marriage are the only ways to stem population growth High fertility is a consequence of slow economic development

Those pointing out that we need to focus on the structural dimensions of social change, argue that:

Population growth, in particular high fertility, is a consequence rather than a cause of slow economic development

Across the globe, urbanization has been caused by (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

Technological developments, "pushing" people off the farm Environmental decline, such as the overgrazing of land NOT: Economic incentives by More Developed Countries (MDCs) to populate their cities with Less Developed Country (LDC) migrants (because of aging populations) The outlawing of farming in many Less Developed Country (LDC) rural areas because of socio-cultural impacts

Key "general tendencies" of international population movements in an age of globalization include (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers):

The "feminization" of migration, as women are an increasing part of workforces The increasing politicization of migration The involvement of an increasing number of countries, both as sending and receiving states Ongoing changes in where people go and where they come from NOT: The lack of interest in migration into China and South Korea because of their repressive political systems The importance of the United States as the only country where people want to end up

In his 1798 publication, Thomas Malthus argued that (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers):

The "positive checks" of famine, war, and epidemics would bring populations back under control The human desire to reproduce would lead to starvation, poverty and human misery NOT: Large and increasing populations are necessary for economic growth and prosperity Contraceptives are the most effective way of halting population growth Technology and market forces can solve population growth problems through increased productivity and economic progress

"Brain Drain" is (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers):

The loss of highly skilled persons, mostly from developing countries, as they migrate to, most often, developed countries Sometimes not entirely negative, as those who emigrate can sometimes return home with new skills or capital NOT: The loss of highly skilled people who have immigrated to the U.S., but leave because they have been persecuted by U.S. authorities The sale of brains by poor people in LDCs to rich people in MDCs

What regions hold what percentage of the world's population? The more developed countries (MDCs) hold _________________ of the world's population, whereas the less developed countries (LDCs) hold ______________ of the world's population.

Less than 20% / more than 80%

The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers):

Looks at the return and reintegration for failed asylum seekers and others who do not have a right to remain Includes a focus on migrants' integration into new countries Seeks to help mitigate the adverse drivers that fuel migration Lays out guidelines for protecting migrants during the different stages of migration NOT: Seeks to set binding international law

In general:

Many Less Developed Countries (LDCs) have enacted policies to reduce population growth, while many More Developed Countries (MDCs) have enacted policies to increase population growth

Which of the following statements is true concerning urbanization?

More Developed Countries (MDCs) are more urbanized than Less Developed Countries (LDCs)

When looking at Niger's population pyramid, which of the following are correct statements (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

Niger has a youthful population More than 35% of Niger's population are under 10 years of age Less than 5% of Niger's population is over over the age of 65 NOT: More of Niger's dependent population is represented by people aged over 64 than by those under the age of 14