Magoosh Advanced II

throw a fit

Get really angry. His mother threw a fit when she heard that he lost her i-Phone. 1 vget very angry and fly into a rage Synonyms: blow a fuse, blow one's stack, blow up, combust, flip one's lid, flip one's wig, fly off the handle, go ballistic, have a fit, have kittens, hit the ceiling, hit the roof, lose one's temper Type of: rage feel intense anger

Pollyannaish

Someone who is unfailingly cheerful — no matter what — can be described as pollyannaish. If your friend tells you some terribly bad news, it would be pollyannaish to say, "Yes, but it's such a beautiful day!" While the adjective pollyannaish describes an optimistic outlook and a determined cheeriness, it also implies that this attitude is taken too far. When you put a positive spin on everything, even things that call for sadness or discouragement, you're being pollyannaish. The word comes from a 1913 children's book by Eleanor H. Porter, Pollyanna, about a young girl who tries to find something positive in every situation — a trick she calls "the Glad Game." 1 adjpleasantly (even unrealistically) optimistic Synonyms: cheerful, upbeat optimistic expecting the best in this best of all possible worlds The relentlessly pollyannaish assessment of the Puerto Rico aid effort from the Trump administration finally caused the mayor of San Juan to snap.

blinkered

To have a limited outlook or understanding, Narrow-minded

copious

abundant; plentiful If you have a copious amount of something, you have a lot of it. If you take copious notes, you'll do well when it comes time for review sessions — unless you can't read your own handwriting. Copious comes from the Latin copia, meaning "abundance." You can use copious for something quantitative, like your copious admirers, or for something qualitative, like the copious gratitude you feel for your admirers. You will often see the word amounts following copious since the adjective is often used to modify a measurement of something — like copious amounts of wine or copious amounts of hair gel. copious 1 adjlarge in number or quantity (especially of discourse) "she took copious notes" Synonyms: voluminous abundant present in great quantity adjaffording an abundant supply "copious provisions" Synonyms: ample, plenteous, plentiful, rich abundant present in great quantity

utter

complete کامل کاملا مطلقadj گفتن ادا کردن فاش کردن v The adjective utter is often used as an intensifier to mean "total" — often with negative connotations (like "utter failure"). As a verb, the word has a totally unrelated meaning: to speak or to articulate a sound. If you utter something, you give it voice. You could utter a cry or utter complete sentences; either way, you are expressing yourself. However, if you declare someone an utter moron, you are saying he is a complete and total moron; not that he is a moron expressing himself. Don't confuse the spelling of utter with udder — the latter is the part of the cow that you milk. utter 1 adjwithout qualification; used informally as (often pejorative) intensifiers "utter nonsense" Synonyms: arrant, complete, consummate, double-dyed, everlasting, gross, perfect, pure, sodding, staring, stark, thoroughgoing, unadulterated unmitigated not diminished or moderated in intensity or severity; sometimes used as an intensifier adjcomplete "utter seriousness" Synonyms: dead complete having every necessary or normal part or component or step 2 vexpress audibly; utter sounds (not necessarily words) "He uttered strange sounds that nobody could understand" Synonyms: emit, let loose, let out Types: show 81 types... varticulate; either verbally or with a cry, shout, or noise "He uttered a curse" Synonyms: express, give tongue to, verbalise, verbalize Types: show 39 types... vexpress in speech Synonyms: mouth, speak, talk, verbalise, verbalize verbalise, verbalize be verbose Types: show 75 types... Type of: communicate, intercommunicate transmit thoughts or feelings

haute

high upper high class, fashionable haute cuisine= high cooking haute cuisine 1 n(French) an elaborate and skillful manner of preparing food Type of: cuisine, culinary art the practice or manner of preparing food or the food so prepared

shrill

high-pitched and sharp A shrill sound is high pitched and sharp, like the squeak of the mouse in your cupboard or the sound of your "eek" when you hear it. Closer to a shriek than a trill, a shrill tone is one that might make you cover your ears, usually because the tone is so high and sharp. A high pitched voice, a classroom of excited first graders, or the sound of chalk scraping the board can all be shrill, as can a color or light that looks as sharp and intense as a shrill tone sounds. 1 adjhaving or emitting a high-pitched and sharp tone or tones "a shrill whistle" "a shrill gaiety" Synonyms: sharp high, high-pitched used of sounds and voices; high in pitch or frequency adjbeing sharply insistent on being heard "shrill criticism" Synonyms: strident imperative requiring attention or action adjof colors that are bright and gaudy "a shrill turquoise" Synonyms: colorful, colourful having striking color vutter a shrill cry Synonyms: pipe, pipe up, shriek Types: caterwaul, yowl utter shrieks, as of cats Type of: call, cry, holler, hollo, scream, shout, shout out, squall, yell utter a sudden loud cry

schadenfreude

pleasent derived from seeing others in suffering or in trouble When another person's bad luck secretly makes you feel good, that's Schadenfreude. Your brother's rejection from a college that also rejected you might give you a twinge of Schadenfreude. If you're fired from your difficult job, no one can blame you for a bit of Schadenfreude as you watch your replacement struggle with your old tasks. This German word perfectly captures that satisfied feeling everyone gets at times when someone else runs into misfortune. In German, Schadenfreude literally means "damage-joy," and it's always spelled with a capital S. The word came into English use in the 1920's, and you can spell it with a small s if you prefer

astute

shrewd; clever زرنگ زیرکی Someone who is astute is clever and has good judgment. The kid running around with a bucket stuck on his head? Not so astute. Astute (from Latin) is a formal and flattering adjective for someone with a good head on their shoulders. It differs from its synonym shrewd in placing less emphasis on hardheadedness than on sensitivity: we talk about a shrewd bargainer but an astute interpretation. Other synonyms are perceptive (emphasizing insight) and discerning (emphasizing an ability to distinguish).

Pyrrhic

victory a too costly victory پیروزی بدتر از شکست Use the adjective pyrrhic to describe a victory that is won, but at too great a cost. In this use as an adjective, the word is often capitalized. The word pyrrhic comes from the Greek general, Pyrrhus, who defeated the Romans at the Battle of Asculum but lost so many troops that he couldn't defeat Rome itself. If you are the winner in an argument with your brother, but the fight ends up ruining your relationship with him, it's a Pyrrhic victory. An ancient Greek war dance is also called a pyrrhic. pyrrhic 1. adjn of or relating to or resembling Pyrrhus or his exploits (especially his sustaining staggering losses in order to defeat the Romans) 2. adjn of or relating to or containing a metrical foot of two unstressed syllables 1 adjof or relating to or resembling Pyrrhus or his exploits (especially his sustaining staggering losses in order to defeat the Romans) "a Pyrrhic victory" adjof or relating to a war dance of ancient Greece "pyrrhic dance movements" nan ancient Greek dance imitating the motions of warfare Type of: ceremonial dance, ritual dance, ritual dancing a dance that is part of a religious ritual 2 adjof or relating to or containing a metrical foot of two unstressed syllables "pyrrhic verses" na metrical unit with unstressed-unstressed syllables Synonyms: dibrach Type of: foot, metrical foot, metrical unit (prosody) a group of 2 or 3 syllables forming the basic unit of poetic rhythm

expansive

آدم خونگرم و خوشرو communicative, and prone to talking in a sociable manner Expansive is all about being able to grow or get larger. An expansive piece of land is large, an expansive mind is one that is always thinking of the big picture, an expansive vocabulary is one that holds lots of words. friendly and open and willing to talk "wine made the guest expansive" Synonyms: talkative communicative, communicatory able or tending to communicate adjable or tending to expand or characterized by expansion "Expansive materials" "the expansive force of fire" Synonyms: distensible capable of being distended; able to stretch and expand cavernous, erectile filled with vascular sinuses and capable of becoming distended and rigid as the result of being filled with blood expandable, expandible, expansible able to expand or be expanded inflatable designed to be filled with air or gas Antonyms: unexpansive showing no tendency to expand adjof behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope "an expansive lifestyle" Synonyms: grand, heroic impressive making a strong or vivid impression

rogue

آدم دغل a deceitful and unreliable scoundrel A rogue is a sneaky person who has tricks up his sleeve, not like a magician, but like someone who would steal your wallet or cheat at cards. Dishonesty won't get you far in life, unless you are a rogue who survives by lying and exploiting others. The word comes from the Latin rogare, which means "beg," and while some rogues dress like beggars to get your money, anyone who deceives is a rogue, like the presidents of corrupt corporations who steal from their employees, or that rogue Uncle Marvin who promises you chocolate for washing his car, but afterward tells you he has no chocolate. That rogue! 1 n a deceitful and unreliable scoundrel Synonyms: knave, rapscallion, rascal, scalawag, scallywag, varlet Type of: scoundrel, villain a wicked or evil person; someone who does evil deliberately

quixotic

آرمان گرا، ایده الیست، ناواقع بین overly idealistic; impractical Use quixotic for someone or something that is romantic and unrealistic, or possessed by almost impossible hopes. Your quixotic task is easy to understand, if difficult to achieve: establish world peace. What a wonderful word quixotic is! While it is most often used to mean equally impractical and idealistic, it also has the sense of romantic nobility. Its source is from the great Spanish novel "Don Quixote," whose title character is given to unrealistic schemes and great chivalry. In the middle of a recession and high unemployment, it would be quixotic to imagine that you could quit your job and find another easily. quixotic 1 adjnot sensible about practical matters; idealistic and unrealistic "as quixotic as a restoration of medieval knighthood" Synonyms: romantic, wild-eyed impractical not practical; not workable or not given to practical matters

speculation

احتکار تفکر the practice of making high-risk investments with borrowed money in hopes of getting a big return When you guess about how something is going to come out (or how it happened), that's speculation. You're making an educated guess. When people predict who will win a football game, an Oscar, or an election, it's speculation: people are looking at the facts and making their best guess. Just about anything you say about the future is speculation, because no one knows what will happen. The word is used in the stock market for such financial dealings as "buying on spec," a risky way to make money. Sometimes, this word means something close to meditation — pondering something deeply. a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence Synonyms: conjecture, guess, hypothesis, supposition, surmisal, surmise Types: divination successful conjecture by unusual insight or good luck Type of: opinion, view a message expressing a belief about something; the expression of a belief that is held with confidence but not substantiated by positive knowledge or proof nan investment that is very risky but could yield great profits "he knew the stock was a speculation when he bought it" Synonyms: venture Types: show 4 types... Type of: investment, investment funds money that is invested with an expectation of profit

jaundiced

برشک و حسد در افتادن prejudiced; hostile showing or affected by prejudice or envy حسادت or distaste "looked with a jaundiced eye on the growth of regimentation" "takes a jaundiced view of societies and clubs" Synonyms: discriminatory, prejudiced being biased or having a belief or attitude formed beforehand In a big television interview last week, he was earnest and spoke sense, but offered nothing to galvanise a jaundiced nation.

placate

ارام کردن to appease, soothe, pacify If you placate someone, you stop them from being angry by giving them something or doing something that pleases them. If your dad is annoyed that you forgot to take out the trash, you might be able to placate him by doing the dishes. If your little sister is mad that the dog ate her favorite teddy bear, you could placate her by buying her an ice cream cone. A near synonym for placate is appease. The origin of placate is Latin placare, "to calm or soothe." The related Latin verb placere is the source of English please vcause to be more favorably inclined; gain the good will of Synonyms: appease, assuage, conciliate, gentle, gruntle, lenify, mollify, pacify Type of: calm, calm down, lull, quiet, quieten, still, tranquilize, tranquillise, tranquillize make calm or still

disabuse

از حقیقت اگاه کردن از اشتباه دراوردن to undeceive; to set right Disabuse means to free someone of a belief that is not true. Many teachers of health find that when they teach, they spend as much energy disabusing kids of false beliefs as they do giving them the facts. Disabuse is often connected to the word notion or idea. In singing lessons, you must disabuse young singers of the idea that they can sing better by singing louder. In the first year of college, many people are disabused of the idea that the way they are is "normal," by meeting so many people who represent other ways to be. disabuse 1 vfree somebody (from an erroneous belief) Type of: inform impart knowledge of some fact, state or affairs, or event to

demur

استثنا فایل شدن درنگ کردن کمرویی (v.) to object or take exception to; (n.) an objection If your mother asks you to clean your room and you refuse, you demur. And if your friend invites you to the Death Metal Forever concert but you hesitate, you demur. Whether you object, politely disagree, or hesitate, you demur. demur / demure To demur is to show reluctance or to hesitate, like not quite getting in the car when someone opens the door, but demure is always an adjective describing a modest, reserved, or shy person, and sounds like the mew of a tiny kitten. If Aunt Tilly offers to knit you a sweater, you might politely demur, being reluctant to accept. When she describes the bunnies she plans for the sweater, you would want to strongly demur, explaining that you are moving to Texas next week and will no longer need sweaters. And if you find yourself the defendant in a civil suit, you might file a demurrer, objecting to the plaintiff's complaint. When you file that demurrer, you also demur.

malapropism

استعمال غلط و عجیب و غریب لغات the unintentional misuse of a word by confusion with one that sounds similar A malapropism occurs when you say one word but you mean another, like instead of saying a certain restaurant is prosperous, you say it is preposterous. As you can tell, malapropisms are often humorous, though sometimes the joke is on the speaker. The word malapropism, pronounced "mah-luh-PRAH-pih-zum," comes from the French phrase mal à propos, which means "ill-suited." Playwright Richard Brinsley Sheridan must have been thinking of the French phrase when he created his character Mrs. Malaprop, who made audiences howl with laughter when she used the wrong word. Examples include saying "allegory" instead of "alligator," and "illiterate him from your memory" instead of "obliterate."

peremptory

امرانه بی چون و چرا خودرای not allowing refusal or delay; imperative Peremptory comments are like orders. If you say something in a peremptory manner, you want people to stop what they're doing and do what you say. Peremptory comments put an end to a discussion, and that's final! The word peremptory comes from the Latin peremptorius for "decisive, final." Trace it further and find that peremptor means "destroyer," from perimpere for "destroy, cut off." Basically, peremptory commands destroy the conversation. They are given with an air of authority, and they are often barked. In the courtroom, peremptory orders are not open to appeal; they're final. Outside of the courtroom, a peremptory manner is just plain rude. 1 adjputting an end to all debate or action "a peremptory decree" Synonyms: decisive determining or having the power to determine an outcome adjnot allowing contradiction or refusal "spoke in peremptory tones" "peremptory commands" Synonyms: imperative requiring attention or action adjoffensively self-assured or given to exercising usually unwarranted power "a swaggering peremptory manner" Synonyms: autocratic, bossy, dominating, high-and-mighty, magisterial domineering tending to domineer

remonstrate

با تعرض و نکوهش گفتن to argue with someone against something, protest against Remonstrate means to call someone on something that's wrong. If your mother yells at you in public, you might call this getting chewed out. She might call it remonstrating. Either way, it's embarrassing. Remonstrate has its roots in a Latin verb meaning "to show," and it used to mean "to make plain." Which is why remonstrate is a word that puts the glow of respectability on the action of yelling at someone or telling them that they're wrong. The sense is that the person remonstrating is the victim — they're just making the injustice plain. 1 vargue in protest or opposition Type of: object express or raise an objection or protest or criticism or express dissent vpresent and urge reasons in opposition Synonyms: point out Types: represent point out or draw attention to in protest or remonstrance Type of: inform impart knowledge of some fact, state or affairs, or event to vcensure severely or angrily Synonyms: bawl out, berate, call down, call on the carpet, chew out, chew up, chide, dress down, have words, jaw, lambast, lambaste, lecture, rag, rebuke, reprimand, reproof, scold, take to task, trounce, vituperate Types: castigate, chasten, chastise, correct, objurgate censure severely brush down, tell off reprimand flame criticize harshly, usually via an electronic medium Type of: criticise, criticize, knock, pick apart find fault with; express criticism of; point out real or perceived flaws

curmudgeon

بخیل خسیس cranky person, usually old Old, cranky, and more than a little stubborn, a curmudgeon is the gruff, grey-haired neighbor who refuses to hand out candy at Halloween and shoos away holiday carolers with a "bah humbug!" As fickle and stubborn as the type of person it describes, curmudgeon comes to us without a history, its origins undisclosed. It was originally believed to have come from coeur mechant, the French phrase for "evil heart," but that theory has been long discarded. Don't worry though, you'll know a curmudgeon when you see one: He'll be ill-tempered and miserly, eager to shake his fist and spout disagreeable opinions. 1 na crusty irascible cantankerous old person full of stubborn ideas Type of: golden ager, old person, oldster, senior citizen an elderly person

bilious

بد خلق، تند گو bad tempered; cross, irritable

perfunctorily

بطور سرسری از سر خودواکنی done as a matter of duty or custom, without feeling or interest To do something perfunctorily is to do it because you have to, as a formality, often in a careless way. A perfunctory action is a formality: you do it because you have to, but you might not care if you do a good job. Similarly, to do something perfunctorily is to get it done without giving it much attention. A referee who does his job perfunctorily probably misses many calls. A teacher who teaches perfunctorily may grade student papers without reading them. A politician may shake hands perfunctorily, since he has to do it so often. 1 advin a set manner without serious attention "he kissed her cheek perfunctorily" Synonyms: as a formality, pro forma

gerrymander

بطور غیرعادلانه تقسیم کردن to divide an area into voting districts in a way that favors a political party Some politicians change the boundaries of their voting districts in order to benefit themselves or their political party. To manipulate the boundaries like this — often viewed as unfair — is to gerrymander. The verb gerrymander first appeared in 1812 when Massachusetts governor Elbridge Gerry redrew district boundaries, hoping it would help his party in an upcoming senate election. Then somebody noticed that the new district looked like a salamander, so they combined Gerry and -mander to create the new word gerrymander. And then a newspaper printed a cartoon with a giant salamander making fun of Gerry, which is what happens to politicians who don't behave. 1 vdivide unfairly and to one's advantage; of voting districts Type of: divide, part, separate come apart nan act of gerrymandering (dividing a voting area so as to give your own party an unfair advantage) Type of: cheat, cheating a deception for profit to yourself

decently

بطور پاکیزه با ظرافت محجوبانه suitably; acceptably decently Thesaurus Share It Definitions of decently 1 advin a decent manner "they don't know how to dress decently" Antonyms: indecently in an indecent manner advin the right manner Synonyms: decent, in good order, properly, right, the right way Antonyms: improperly in an improper way

aghast

بهت زده feeling great dismay or horror Would you be aghast, or shocked, to find out that your friends believe in ghosts, or would you share their frightened, or aghast, looks when a floating white being hovers over the campfire? Aghast comes from Old English gasten, "frighten," which comes in turn from gāst, "ghost." If you've seen a look of absolute shock or terror on someone's face — like when your mom (or dad) sees a mouse — you can describe the look with the adjective aghast. If someone says "You should have seen the look on your face!" after sneaking up on you, you probably looked aghast yourself. "Boo!" 1 adjstruck with fear, dread, or consternation Synonyms: appalled, dismayed, shocked afraid filled with fear or apprehension

trifling

بی ارزش بیهوده پوچ not significant, frivolous If something is trifling it's really unimportant, of no consequence — "a trifling detail." Everything is relative, of course, and what might appear trifling to one person may take on deep importance for another. Clues are classically trifling things. As Sherlock Holmes explains to Dr. Watson when faced with a seemingly minor detail: "It is, of course, a trifle, but there is nothing so important as trifles." trifling 1. adj not worth considering 2. n the deliberate act of delaying and playing instead of working Full Definitions of trifling 1 adjnot worth considering "a trifling matter" Synonyms: negligible, paltry worthless lacking in usefulness or value 2 nthe deliberate act of delaying and playing instead of working Synonyms: dalliance, dawdling Type of: delay, holdup the act of delaying; inactivity resulting in something being put off until a later time

vulgar

بی نزاکتی بی ادب زننده lacking refinement or taste; crude Vulgarity is the quality of being crude and lacking refinement. Fart jokes and swearing are both forms of vulgarity. One of the criteria used in assessing whether a movie is rated PG-13, R or even X is how much vulgarity in involved. Vulgarity is the quality of being offensive and crass. Fart jokes, sexual humor, and obscenities are all examples of vulgarity. A R-rated movie or TV show on cable likely has some vulgarity. Vulgarity doesn't get much respect because it appeals to people's cruder instincts. 1 nthe quality of lacking taste and refinement Synonyms: coarseness, commonness, grossness, raunch, vulgarism Type of: inelegance the quality of lacking refinement and good taste

impecunious

بی پولی تهی دستی having little or no money If you are hard up, broke, penniless, or strapped for cash, you could describe yourself as impecunious. Then maybe you could make some money teaching vocabulary words. Impecunious comes from the old Latin word for money, pecunia, combined with the prefix im, meaning not or without. But impecunious doesn't just mean having no money. It means that you almost never have any money. If you go into the arts, you are most likely facing an impecunious future. If you gamble away your cash instead of saving it for rent, your landlord might throw you out for being impecunious. impecunious 1 adjnot having enough money to pay for necessities Synonyms: hard up, in straitened circumstances, penniless, penurious, pinched poor having little money or few possessions

jejune

بیهوده تهی بی مزه without interest; dull jejune Use the adjective jejune to describe something that is uninteresting or insignificant. Many people claim to find celebrity gossip jejune, but ask them about a recent movie star scandal and chances are they know all about it. Jejune can also describe something that's immature or simplistic. All that actress could say about her latest movie was that it was "Super fun"? That's a pretty jejune comment. Basically jejune means lacking substance. It originally comes from the Latin word jejunus, which means "fasting," so when something is jejune, it's figuratively empty — devoid of intellectual nourishment. 1 adjlacking interest or significance or impact "jejune novel" Synonyms: insipid uninteresting arousing no interest or attention or curiosity or excitement adjdisplaying or suggesting a lack of maturity "jejune responses to our problems" Synonyms: adolescent, juvenile, puerile immature characteristic of a lack of maturity adjlacking in nutritive value "the jejune diets of the very poor" Synonyms: insubstantial unwholesome detrimental to physical or moral well-being

alienated

بیگانه کردن منحرف کردن انتقال دادن removed or disassociated from An alienated person feels estranged or divided from others, like a shy bookworm sitting in a group of enthusiastic sports fans. You may feel alienated from your friends if they have all decided that punk rock is the greatest thing on earth, but you are still loyal to the classic rock that you all used to love. caused to be unloved Synonyms: estranged unloved not loved 2 adjsocially disoriented "we live in an age of rootless alienated people" Synonyms: anomic, disoriented unoriented not having position or goal definitely set or ascertained

parvenu

تازه به دوران رسیده noun: a person who has suddenly become wealthy, but not socially accepted as part of a higher class Synonyms : arriviste , nouveau-riche , upstart The theater was full of parvenus who each thought that they were surrounded by true aristocrats. A parvenu is an upstart, somebody who's suddenly rich but doesn't fit into his new social status. If you're a parvenu, people might also describe you as "nouveau-riche" or an "arriviste." Maybe it's not quite so insulting in French. The Beverly Hillbillies, a sitcom from the 1960s, featured the Clampetts, classic parvenus who strike oil in their backwoods swampland. They arrive at their mansion in Beverly Hills, dressed in overalls, in their pick-up truck, with their shabby furniture strapped on top. As parvenus, they don't fit in — to say the least. Parvenu is from French, and it's the past participle of parvenir, "arrived." characteristic of someone who has risen economically or socially but lacks the social skills appropriate for this new position Synonyms: nouveau-riche, parvenue, upstart pretentious making claim to or creating an appearance of (often undeserved) importance or distinction

arriviste

تازه به دوران رسیده noun: a person who has recently reached a position of power; a social climber Synonyms : nouveau-riche , parvenu , upstart The city center was aflutter with arrivistes who each tried to outdo one another with their ostentatious sports cars and chic evening dress. An arriviste is someone who's moved up in the world quickly and ends up being resented. You might visit your hometown and feel like it's full of arrivistes who can pay exorbitant prices for enormous houses. When someone suddenly earns a whole lot more money than they did before, they find themselves in a new economic class. If the people who have belonged to this group for a long time (maybe they inherited their wealth from their grandparents, for example) are resentful of this person and their "new money," they might use the word arriviste. An arriviste is newly arrived in this world — as you can see in the French root, arriver, "to arrive." 1 na person who has suddenly risen to a higher economic status but has not gained social acceptance of others in that class Synonyms: nouveau-riche, parvenu, upstart Types: climber, social climber someone seeking social prominence by obsequious behavior junior term of address for a disrespectful and annoying male lion-hunter someone who tries to attract social lions as guests Type of: disagreeable person, unpleasant person a person who is not pleasant or agreeable

embodiment

تجسم living example of The embodiment of something gives concrete form to an abstract idea. A flag is the embodiment of a country. When you talk about embodiment, you're talking about giving a form to ideas that are usually not physical: like love, hate, fear, justice, etc. A gavel is the embodiment of justice; a wedding ring can be the embodiment of love. The word body in embodiment is a clue to its meaning: this is a word for giving a body to things that usually don't have one. 1 na concrete representation of an otherwise nebulous concept "a circle was the embodiment of his concept of life" Synonyms: shape Type of: concrete representation, concretism a representation of an abstract idea in concrete terms ngiving concrete form to an abstract concept Types: soul the human embodiment of something incarnation, personification the act of attributing human characteristics to abstract ideas etc. Type of: objectification the act of representing an abstraction as a physical thing na new personification of a familiar idea "the embodiment of hope" Synonyms: avatar, incarnation Types: deification an embodiment of the qualities of a god reincarnation embodiment in a new form (especially the reappearance or a person in another form) Type of: personification a person who represents an abstract quality

exaltation

تجلیل و تمجید the elevation of a person (as to the status of a god) If the Prize Patrol showed up at your door with a check for a million dollars, you'd probably be overcome with a feeling of exaltation or overwhelming happiness. Chances are slim, so don't bank on it. Exaltation comes from the Latin exaltare meaning to "raise aloft." When you're in a state of exaltation, your emotions are raised aloft and you're swept away in happiness. Exaltation is also the term for praising someone really highly or raising someone in rank, and for a group of larks, and in astrology, the place in a planet's orbit of maximum influence. Fly an exaltation of larks above the ceremony of your exaltation to Minister of Vocabulary.

indomitable

تسخیرناپذیر سخت سرکش unconquerable Something indomitable can't be beat. People described as having indomitable spirits don't need pep talks or protein shakes; their strength comes from within. The adjective indomitable starts with the Latin prefix in, which means "not." The second part of the word is also from the Latin word domitare, meaning "to tame." So the word literally means "not able to be tamed." Indomitable is often teamed with the words spirit or personality to describe someone with a can-do attitude.

propitiate

تسکین دادن خشم را فرونشاندن to win over, appease If you forgot flowers on your Mom's birthday, you can still propitiate her by sending a bouquet the next day. Propitiate means to appease someone or make them happy by doing a particular thing. Handy strategy for lovers, too. One of the most common uses of propitiate historically was in the sense of appeasing the Gods, often with a gift in the form of an animal or human sacrifice. Fortunately, for most people today flowers and candy will do the trick. But then again, some Moms can be tough to appease. make peace with Synonyms: appease Type of: conciliate, make up, patch up, reconcile, settle come to terms

expurgate

تطهیر کردن حذف کردن to remove vulgar or objectionable material To expurgate is to censor. Usually, people talk about expurgating bad words from something written or on TV. On TV, if you hear some words bleeped out, those words have been expurgated. In print, we can expurgate by using dashes ( — — ) or random characters like %&$#. Sometimes we can expurgate just by rewriting something so that the entire sentence with the naughty parts is gone, or by putting it into mild words. When it comes to things children read or watch, there's often the difficult question of what to expurgate and what to leave alone. 1 vedit by omitting or modifying parts considered indelicate Synonyms: bowdlerise, bowdlerize, castrate, shorten Type of: abbreviate, abridge, contract, cut, foreshorten, reduce, shorten reduce in scope while retaining essential elements

protean

شکل پذیر، بی ثبات متغیر When Picasso is described as a protean genius, it means that not only was he brilliant, but he changed the way he worked many times. Protean means able to change shape. Proteus was a Greek god who could tell the future, but when he was asked a question he didn't want to answer, he would change shapes. With someone or something protean, you get all the power of shape-shifting, plus some of the menace of a god you cannot control. Definitions of protean 1 adjtaking on different forms "eyes...of that baffling protean grey which is never twice the same" Synonyms: variable liable to or capable of change

decimated

تلفات سنگین وارد کردن to destroy or kill a large part of If something is drastically reduced or killed, especially in number, you can say it was decimated. "The oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico decimated the wildlife along the coast." The verb decimate originally referred to a form of capital punishment for Roman troops. If there was a rebellion, one out of every ten men (thus the dec in decimate) was put to death. So the word's first expanded usage was to mean a ten percent reduction or a ten percent tax. Modern usage gives the word decimate its "drastically reduced" meaning, but the verb can also be used to mean "to wipe out" or "to eliminate." vkill in large numbers Synonyms: annihilate, carry off, eliminate, eradicate, extinguish, wipe out Type of: kill cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly vkill one in every ten, as of mutineers in Roman armies Synonyms: annihilate, carry off, eliminate, eradicate, extinguish, wipe out kill in large numbers Type of: kill cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

railed

توبیخ کردن to revile or scold in harsh, insolent, or abusive language

iteration

تکرار بازگویی گفتن repeated interactions with the same partners An iteration is a repetition of something. Your nagging friend's message might be lost on you after the umpteenth iteration. The noun iteration comes from the Latin verb iterum, which means "again," which makes a lot of sense when you consider the meaning of the word, "the act of repeating." Don't get confused by the similar word reiteration, which essentially means the same thing. Either word is proper to use. Although when you think about it, the "re" means again anyway, so that word actually means "to repeat again," which is in itself a little redundant, don't you think? iteration An iteration is a repetition of something. Your nagging friend's message might be lost on you after the umpteenth iteration. The noun iteration comes from the Latin verb iterum, which means "again," which makes a lot of sense when you consider the meaning of the word, "the act of repeating." Don't get confused by the similar word reiteration, which essentially means the same thing. Either word is proper to use. Although when you think about it, the "re" means again anyway, so that word actually means "to repeat again," which is in itself a little redundant, don't you think? Start learning this word Thesaurus Share It Definitions of iteration 1 ndoing or saying again; a repeated performance Type of: repeating, repetition the act of doing or performing again n(computer science) a single execution of a set of instructions that are to be repeated "the solution took hundreds of iterations" Synonyms: loop Type of: physical process, process a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states

mulct

جریمه کردن تاوان غرامت to punish by a fine or by depriving of something; to extract by fraud or deceit The meaning of mulct is as nasty as it sounds; it means to fine someone or the money you collect as a result of a fine. No one wants to pay an extra mulct to the city, when it's the city who mismanaged the budget. Got mulct? Then somebody took your money. They "milked" you by mulcting you. And the money that they took? That's called mulct, too. Some people believe that there's no difference between being mulcted by the state and being shaken down by the mob. In fact, the word mulct is often used to mean having your money taken unfairly or as a kind of punishment or as extortion. v impose a fine on Type of: impose, levy impose and collect v deprive of by deceit Synonyms: bunco, con, defraud, diddle, gip, goldbrick, gyp, hornswoggle, nobble, rook, scam, short-change, swindle, victimize Types: short, short-change cheat someone by not returning him enough money Type of: cheat, chisel, rip off deprive somebody of something by deceit

picayune

جزیی بی ارزش ناچیز petty, worthless The adjective picayune refers to those things that are so small, trivial, and unimportant that they're not worth getting into. Why focus on the picayune details, when it's the larger ideas that are the real problem? There are several newspapers in America called the Picayune, because they see it as their job to comb through even the minor details of the story to get to the truth. Hear the word "picky" in picayune (though they're not related)? That's one way to remember it. A picky person is picayune. Airline disaster investigators spend their lives rummaging through the debris, knowing that it might be the most picayune detail that leads them to understand the cause of a crash. picayune 1 adj(informal) small and of little importance "giving a police officer a free meal may be against the law, but it seems to be a picayune infraction" Synonyms: fiddling, footling, lilliputian, little, niggling, petty, piddling, piffling, trivial unimportant not important

cavorted

جست و خیز کردن رقاصی کردن jump or dance around excitedly How to cavort, in one easy step: dance around all crazy, jumping on and over anything nearby like you just ate a lot of sugar. Give it a try! Cavorting requires a good mood, lots of energy, and some running room. Children love to cavort, and so do parents when they win the lottery. The origins of the word are unclear, perhaps coming from the word curvet, meaning "leap gracefully or energetically," and leaping is a great addition to any cavorting. There are lots of synonyms, so if you ever get tired of cavorting, you could always prance, frolic, lark, rollick, romp, or carouse. The choice is yours. 1 vplay boisterously Synonyms: disport, frisk, frolic, gambol, lark, lark about, rollick, romp, run around, skylark, sport Type of: play be at play; be engaged in playful activity; amuse oneself in a way characteristic of children

cupidity

حرص ، آز ، طمع ، مال اندوزی Remember the saying "Greed is good"? It could just as easily be "Cupidity is good," though admittedly it doesn't roll off the tongue quite the same way. Cupidity means a burning desire to have more wealth than you need. . Though it sounds like it might have something to do with the little winged figure who shoots arrows and makes folks fall in love on Valentine's Day, cupidity is all about the love of money. It comes to us from Latin cupidus, which means "desirous." It's not a word that crops up a lot in conversation, though you might run across it in newspapers and magazines, particularly those blaming Wall Street's unbridled cupidity for America's economic woes 1 nextreme greed for material wealth Synonyms: avarice, avariciousness, covetousness Type of: greed excessive desire to acquire or possess more (especially more material wealth) than one needs or deserves

mellifluous

شیرین ملیح خوش زبان عسل دار Sweetly flowing or sounding Use the adjective mellifluous to describe something that sounds sweet and smooth, like the honeyed voice of a late-night radio DJ. You might think that that mell in mellifluous has something to do with mellow. Actually, it's related to Melissa. In Greek mythology, Melissa was a nymph who discovered that you could eat the smooth, sweet stuff that bees make. Honeybees were named after her, and their tasty product was called meli. Mellifluous means to "flow as if with honey."

quisling

خاین میهن فروش traitor A quisling is a traitor, especially one who collaborates with an enemy occupying force for personal gain. Vocabulary Shout-Out Was a 1970s Dr. Who Fan a "Quisling"? Writing about the upcoming BBC "The Day of the Doctor" special being released in conjunction with the 50th anniversary of the original "Dr. Who," Jill Lepore, of The New Yorker used quisling in a curious way. Continue reading... The term arose because in World War II, Vidkun Quisling, a Norwegian politician, volunteered to help the occupying Nazis rule Norway for Germany. Quisling was tried for treason and executed at the end of the war, and his name became synonymous with traitor and collaborator. The word quisling is not commonly used in the United States, however, probably because the American term for a traitor is "Benedict Arnold," the name of a Revolutionary War turncoat. quisling A quisling is a traitor, especially one who collaborates with an enemy occupying force for personal gain. The term arose because in World War II, Vidkun Quisling, a Norwegian politician, volunteered to help the occupying Nazis rule Norway for Germany. Quisling was tried for treason and executed at the end of the war, and his name became synonymous with traitor and collaborator. The word quisling is not commonly used in the United States, however, probably because the American term for a traitor is "Benedict Arnold," the name of a Revolutionary War turncoat. Definitions of quisling 1 nsomeone who collaborates with an enemy occupying force Synonyms: collaborationist, collaborator Type of: traitor, treasonist someone who betrays his country by committing treason

sangfroid

خونسردی composure (آرامش، خونسردی) or coolness, especially in trying circumstances If you have sang-froid, you can keep your cool, even under stress. Your feathers aren't easily ruffled. This foreign-sounding word is another way of saying "poise under pressure." We borrowed it from French, where it literally means "cold blood." Great athletes who do well in the last two minutes of a game have sang-froid. James Bond definitely has sang-froid. You better have sang-froid when you're taking the SATs. If you're worried, nervous and starting to crack, you've pretty much lost your sang-froid.1 ngreat coolness and composure under strain Synonyms: aplomb, assuredness, cool, poise Type of: calm, calmness, composure, equanimity steadiness of mind under stress

phantasmagorical

خیالی illusive; unreal Anything phantasmagorical feels or looks like a crazy dream. If you see a psychedelic music video that looks like it was shot through a kaleidoscope, you can call it phantasmagorical. A phantasmagorical film is surreal and strange, rather than straightforward and literal (think the Beatles' "Yellow Submarine"), and phantasmagorical paintings are equally full of odd, impressionistic images, colors, and designs. If you have a phantasmagorical nightmare, it might be hard to describe to another person, it's so weird and fantastic. The adjective phantasmagorical comes from phantasmagoria, the name given to a "magic lantern" show in 1802, from the Greek phantasma, "apparitition."

tendentious

دارای گرایش ویژه و عمدی متمایل رسیدگی کننده intended to promote a particular point of view, doctrine, or cause; biased or partisan If you are writing a report on climate change and you ignore evidence that the earth is warming, the paper might be called tendentious. Tendentious means promoting a specific, and controversial, point of view. When something is tendentious, it shows a bias towards a particular point of view, especially one that people disagree about. It shares a root with the word tendency, which means "an inclination toward acting a certain way." If you have the tendency to talk in a tendentious manner about politics, people might tend to avoid you at parties. Definitions of tendentious 1 adjhaving or marked by a strong tendency especially a controversial one "a tendentious account of recent elections" "distinguishing between verifiable fact and tendentious assertion" Synonyms: tendencious partisan, partizan devoted to a cause or party

conciliate

دل کسی را بدست اوردن اشتی دلجویی (v.) to overcome the distrust of, win over; to appease, pacify; to reconcile, make consistent The verb conciliate means to placate, appease, or pacify. If you are eating at a restaurant and the waiter accidentally spills a drink on you, the manager may try to conciliate you by picking up the tab for your meal. You may be more familiar with the term conciliation --it can mean the flowers you bring to conciliate your girlfriend after a fight, or a politician's conciliatory offer to fund a new playground to a community that's just lost its school. Conciliate comes from the Latin word conciliare, meaning "to unite." Conciliare in turn comes from the Latin word concilium, meaning "council." If you remember their common etymology, you can remember that, like council, conciliate is spelled with only one l.

palimpsest

دوباره رویش نوشته باشند noun: something that has been changed numerous times but on which traces of former iterations can still be seen The downtown was a palimpsest of the city's checkered past: a new Starbucks had opened up next to an abandoned, shuttered building, and a freshly asphalted road was inches away from a pothole large enough to swallow a small dog. palimpsest If you are writing fast and hastily erase something not quite all the way and continue writing right over the smudgy bit, then you've created a palimpsest — which means you can see traces of the earlier writing mixed in with the new. The noun palimpsest originally described a document, such as a page from a manuscript written on parchment, that had been rubbed smooth so it could be used again, with traces of the original writing showing through. The word still carries that meaning, but ancient manuscripts are rare these days, so you're more likely to hear palimpsest used to describe something that has traces of early stages showing through, like "the palimpsest of an urban neighborhood" — in which hints of earlier styles and designs are still evident among the new highrises. palimpsest 1 na manuscript (usually written on papyrus or parchment) on which more than one text has been written with the earlier writing incompletely erased and still visible Type of: holograph, manuscript handwritten book or document

valor

شجاعت دلیری heroic courage; bravery Valor is honor plus dignity. It's gallant bravery and strength, especially on the battlefield or in the face of danger. Saint George displayed valor when he finally slayed the dragon. It's a trait fit for a hero. Valor comes from the Latin valorem for "strength, moral worth," with the sense of "courage" added later. Valor is often displayed in the face of something designed to crush it, like a battle in a war, and it is often rewarded with the conferring of a medal. Valor is a word associated with war heroes and knights of yore, but anyone who faces death and doesn't look away displays valor. 1 nthe qualities of a hero or heroine; exceptional or heroic courage when facing danger (especially in battle) "he received a medal for valor" Synonyms: gallantry, heroism, valiance, valiancy, valorousness, valour Type of: braveness, bravery, courage, courageousness a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear

contented

راضی خرسند satisfied or showing satisfaction with things as they are If you're contented, you're happy and not complaining. In the early 1900s, a dairy company cleverly used the word in their advertising slogan — "Milk from contented cows." Who wouldn't like to imagine cows without a care, contented and grazing in sunny, green pastures, every now and then emitting a satisfied moo? The company, which is still in business, became known by that slogan, which they used for many years. They even sponsored a radio show called "The Contented Hour," broadcast from 1931 until 1951. adjsatisfied or showing satisfaction with things as they are "a contented smile" Synonyms: content complacent, self-complacent, self-satisfied contented to a fault with oneself or one's actions satisfied filled with satisfaction self-satisfied, smug marked by excessive complacency or self-satisfaction happy enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure pleased experiencing or manifesting pleasure Antonyms: discontent, discontented showing or experiencing dissatisfaction or restless longing

mortify

رنجاندن ازردن کشتن to hurt someone's feelings deeply; to cause embarrassment or humiliation; to subdue or discipline by self-denial or suffering To be mortified is to be extremely embarrassed. If your pants fell down in class, you'd be mortified. 1 adjmade to feel uncomfortable because of shame or wounded pride "felt mortified by the comparison with her sister" Synonyms: embarrassed, humiliated ashamed feeling shame or guilt or embarrassment or remorse 2 adjsuffering from tissue death Synonyms: gangrenous unhealthy not in or exhibiting good health in body or mind

factitious

ساختگی مصنوعی artificially created or developed If you create a "diamond" out of plastic, then you've created a factitious diamond, meaning that it's a phony. Word Count Made Up: Fictional, Fictitious, Fictive, and Factitious .. Factitious, pronounced "fac-TISH-us," means "fake," like a factitious compliment you give the person who cooked you an awful meal — you don't mean it, but you say it anyway, just to be nice. As he or she happily walks away, another friend might whisper, "Were you being facetious about the dinner being good?" Facetious, pronounced "fuh-SEE-shuhs," means "trying to be funny." Don't confuse factitious with facetious شوخی بیجا — or fictitious ساختگی جعلی خیالی , which means "made up."

apotheosis

ستایش اغراق آمیز elevation to divine status; the perfect example of something If your teacher says the term paper you handed in last week is a work of genius that sets a new gold standard for the school, he's telling you your work is the apotheosis of term papers. The epitome. Perfection. Hidden in the middle of apotheosis you'll find the Greek theos, meaning god. (Theology, the study of religion, has the same root.) Combine theos with apo "from" and you get a person, place, or thing that is so out-of-this-world amazing that it seems as if it's "from God." It's divine. You could make the assertion that Leonardo da Vinci was the apotheosis of genius and that the Mona Lisa is the apotheosis of all his paintings. 1 nmodel of excellence or perfection of a kind; one having no equal Synonyms: ideal, nonesuch, nonpareil, nonsuch, paragon, saint Types: crackerjack, jimdandy, jimhickey someone excellent of their kind class act someone who shows impressive and stylish excellence humdinger someone of remarkable excellence Type of: model, role model someone worthy of imitation nthe elevation of a person (as to the status of a god) Synonyms: deification, exaltation Type of: worship the activity of worshipping

excoriate

سخت‌ مورد انتقاد يا عتاب‌ و خطاب‌ قرار دادن‌ excoriate When it comes to "telling someone off," excoriate is reserved for the most severe cases. So, before you excoriate your little sister for borrowing your favorite jacket without permission, consider whether she truly deserves such harsh treatment. If you excoriate someone, you let that person know that you really, really disagree with them. This verb goes beyond mere criticism; it implies anger, a harsh and insulting tone, and even a scathing attack. Synonyms of excoriate include denounce, decry, and condemn. In a medical sense, excoriate means "to tear skin off by chafing." A bad rug burn can excoriate your skin. If someone excoriates you verbally, it might make you feel like you've been physically excoriated. excoriate When it comes to "telling someone off," excoriate is reserved for the most severe cases. So, before you excoriate your little sister for borrowing your favorite jacket without permission, consider whether she truly deserves such harsh treatment. If you excoriate someone, you let that person know that you really, really disagree with them. This verb goes beyond mere criticism; it implies anger, a harsh and insulting tone, and even a scathing attack. Synonyms of excoriate include denounce, decry, and condemn. In a medical sense, excoriate means "to tear skin off by chafing." A bad rug burn can excoriate your skin. If someone excoriates you verbally, it might make you feel like you've been physically excoriated. Start learning this word Think you know excoriate? Quiz yourself: ASSESSMENT: 100 POINTS excoriate means to: desiccate caulk condemn jettison Thesaurus Share It Definitions of excoriate 1 vexpress strong disapproval of Synonyms: condemn, decry, objurgate, reprobate Type of: denounce speak out against vtear or wear off the skin or make sore by abrading Synonyms: chafe Type of: abrade, abrase, corrade, rub down, rub off wear away

vituperate

سرزنش کردن، عیب جویی کردن، بد گفتن to use harsh condemnatory language; to abuse or censure severely or abusively; to berate To vituperate is to speak or write in an extremely negative way about someone. Just as vituperation consists of negative, explosive, malicious outbursts, to vituperate is to communicate in this way. Negative political ads vituperate against opponents. When you insult someone and swear at them, you vituperate. People with a short temper tend to vituperate often — it's similar to railing, vilifying, and reviling. The root word is the Latin vituperationem, "blame or censuring," from vitium, "fault or defect. spread negative information about Synonyms: rail, revile, vilify Type of: abuse, blackguard, clapperclaw, shout use foul or abusive language towards vcensure severely or angrily Synonyms: bawl out, berate, call down, call on the carpet, chew out, chew up, chide, dress down, have words, jaw, lambast, lambaste, lecture, rag, rebuke, remonstrate, reprimand, reproof, scold, take to task, trounce Types: castigate, chasten, chastise, correct, objurgate censure severely brush down, tell off reprimand flame criticize harshly, usually via an electronic medium Type of: criticise, criticize, knock, pick apart find fault with; express criticism of; point out real or perceived flaws

ponderous

سنگین، وزین When you call Frankenstein ponderous, it's not because he likes to ponder the great questions of life. It's because he moves like a Mack truck, only slower and less gracefully. Ponderous also describes a person's manner, or their manner of speaking. If it does, this is a person you will want to avoid. They're solemn, speak slowly about things that are boring, and get to the punchline of a joke about seven years after anyone with half a brain has figured it out for themselves. adjhaving great mass and weight and unwieldiness "a ponderous stone" "a ponderous burden" "ponderous weapons" Synonyms: heavy of comparatively great physical weight or density adjslow and laborious because of weight "ponderous prehistoric beasts" "a ponderous yawn" Synonyms: heavy, lumbering heavy-footed (of movement) lacking ease or lightness adjlabored and dull "a ponderous speech" Synonyms: uninteresting arousing no interest or attention or curiosity or excitement

limpid

صاف - شفاف limpid The adjective limpid describes something (often liquid) that is clear, serene and bright. Nature calendars often feature glamour shots of a limpid stream or a limpid lake. The adjective limpid may also describe language that is easily understandable. Your teacher might ask you to give an answer in a single limpid sentence. But he probably won't because limpid is a word that's fallen out of use. Maybe because it sounds too much like limp. Or maybe because it's associated with the king of all clichés: "Her eyes were like limpid pools." 1 adjclear and bright "limpid blue eyes" Synonyms: liquid clear allowing light to pass through adjtransmitting light; able to be seen through with clarity "could see the sand on the bottom of the limpid pool" Synonyms: crystal clear, crystalline, lucid, pellucid, transparent clear allowing light to pass through adj(of language) transparently clear; easily understandable "writes in a limpid style" Synonyms: crystal clear, lucid, luculent, pellucid, perspicuous clear readily apparent to the mind

maudlin

ضعیف و خیلی احساساتی overly sentimental You can use maudlin to describe something that brings tears to your eyes, or makes you feel very emotional. Tearjerkers like "Forrest Gump" and "Titanic" can be described as maudlin. Maudlin was a form of the name Mary Magdalene, a character from the Bible represented in paintings as a weeping sinner asking forgiveness from Jesus. Maudlin is often paired with sentimental, or even schlocky, to describe cry-fests, as in "I can't watch another second of that overly-sentimental, maudlin soap opera. Turn that schlock off." adjeffusively or insincerely emotional "maudlin expressions of sympathy" Synonyms: bathetic, drippy, hokey, kitschy, mawkish, mushy, schmaltzy, schmalzy, sentimental, slushy, soppy, soupy emotional of more than usual emotion

invective

طعنه ناسزاگویی An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language. Invective is harsh, abusive language, like "you dirty rotten scoundrel." I'm sure you can think of harsher and more obscene examples, but we won't get into them here. Invective comes from the Latin for "abusive." It kind of sounds like a harsh word, actually, with those sharp, dagger-like V's. People usually put a colorful verb or phrase before it. Some examples: "She spewed invective," "She hurled invective," "She burst forth into invective." You can follow it with a phrase like, "picking up her plate and throwing it across the room." 1 nabusive or venomous language used to express blame or censure or bitter deep-seated ill will Synonyms: vitriol, vituperation Type of: abuse, contumely, insult, revilement, vilification a rude expression intended to offend or hurt

hedge

طفره رفتن از زیر در رفتن to avoid giving a clear answer, thereby escaping responsibility or blame to limit or qualify a statement A hedge is a living fence made of closely planted bushes, which, as they grow and get trimmed and shaped, form a wall of green. Hedge can also be used as a verb. If someone asks you a question and you hedge, you're avoiding a straight answer. If you're not sure what your boss's political views are, you can hedge by not revealing yours. If you hedge your bets, you're trying to minimize risk or loss — that is, you're trying to cover yourself no matter what happens. 3 nan intentionally noncommittal or ambiguous statement "when you say `maybe' you are just hedging" Synonyms: hedging Type of: equivocation, evasion a statement that is not literally false but that cleverly avoids an unpleasant truth vavoid or try to avoid fulfilling, answering, or performing (duties, questions, or issues) Synonyms: circumvent, dodge, duck, elude, evade, fudge, parry, put off, sidestep, skirt Types: beg dodge, avoid answering, or take for granted quibble evade the truth of a point or question by raising irrelevant objections Type of: avoid stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

benighted

عقب مانده گرفتار تاریکی جهل being in a state of intellectual darkness; ignorant; unenlightened Being called benighted is much like being called naive. It means lacking in knowledge or understanding—the kind you might have if you were older or more sophisticated. Although it sounds a lot like "being knighted", benighted has nothing to do with knights and, in fact, includes the word "night" (as in the opposite of day) and not "knight" (as in "of the Round Table"). One way to remember what benighted means is to think of a person "being nighted" or, put into the dark. A benighted person is in the dark about things: they don't know because they can't see. The Dark Ages are thought to have been a benighted time, full of primitive ideas. 1 adjovertaken by night or darkness "benighted (or nighted) travelers hurrying toward home" Synonyms: nighted unpunctual not punctual; after the appointed time adjlacking enlightenment or knowledge or culture "this benighted country" "benighted ages of barbarism and superstition" Synonyms: dark unenlightened not enlightened; ignorant

fondness

علاقه affection or liking for someone or something Fondness is love or affection for someone. Your fondness for your funny Spanish teacher might be part of what inspires you to work hard in his class. When you have a fondness for a person, you feel warm or tender toward them. Your sister's fondness for young children probably makes her a great babysitter. You can also have a fondness for a thing: your friend's fondness for expensive shoes could cause her constant financial difficulty, and your fondness for cupcakes might influence you to learn how to bake. 1 na positive feeling of liking Synonyms: affection, affectionateness, heart, philia, tenderness, warmheartedness, warmness Types: show 4 types... Type of: feeling the experiencing of affective and emotional states na quality proceeding from feelings of affection or love Synonyms: affectionateness, lovingness, warmth Types: tenderness a tendency to express warm and affectionate feeling uxoriousness foolish fondness for or excessive submissiveness to one's wife Type of: emotionalism, emotionality emotional nature or quality na predisposition to like something "he had a fondness for whiskey" Synonyms: fancy, partiality Type of: liking a feeling of pleasure and enjoyment

sybarite

عیاش خوشگذران a person devoted to pleasure and luxury If you know someone who's totally addicted to luxurious things and all of life's pleasures, call her a sybarite. Unless she's inviting you over for champagne brunches and showering you with gifts — in which case you should keep your mouth shut. Sybarite was first recorded in the 1600s, meaning a "person devoted to pleasure." The literal translation of this noun is "inhabitant of Sybaris," which was an ancient Greek town full of citizens who loved nice things. Today, the word still has the same two meanings: it's either a person who could be described as addicted to pleasures and luxury (like a hedonist), or an actual person who lives in Sybaris. 1 na person addicted to luxury and pleasures of the senses Synonyms: voluptuary Type of: sensualist a person who enjoys sensuality

mettlesome

غیور full of courage and fortitude If you're spirited and brave, you're mettlesome. It takes a mettlesome person to hike the Appalachian Trail all alone. The adjective mettlesome is a great way to describe someone who's full of pride or courage — although it's also an old-fashioned, somewhat literary way to do it. Many classic children's books feature mettlesome main characters, like Huckleberry Finn and Ann of Green Gables. Though it sounds a bit like the nosy word meddlesome, mettlesome is rooted instead in mettle, "the stuff of which someone is made." 1 adjhaving a proud and unbroken spirit Synonyms: spirited displaying animation, vigor, or liveliness adjwilling to face danger Synonyms: game, gamey, gamy, gritty, spirited, spunky brave, courageous possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

egregious

فاحش برجسته (adj.) conspicuous, standing out from the mass (used particularly in an unfavorable sense) Something that is egregious stands out, but not in a good way — it means "really bad or offensive." If you make an egregious error during a championship soccer match, your coach might bench you for the rest of the game. "My massage therapist gave me bruises," someone complained recently on Twitter, asking, "When does it cease to be deep tissue massage therapy and become egregious and unabashed manhandling?" An egregious error is hardly forgivable. Some synonyms are shocking, appalling, and intolerable. The word has made a 180-degree turn from its original sense in Latin, when it meant "exceptionally good." Word historians have speculated that the negative usage was originally meant to be ironic, but it is the only sense that has survived. Be careful not to use it to mean "outstanding," since no one wants to be called egregious. egregious 1 adjconspicuously and outrageously bad or reprehensible "an egregious lie" Synonyms: crying, flagrant, glaring, gross, rank conspicuous obvious to the eye or mind

arch

فریبنده، ناقلا ، شیطان to be deliberating teasing " As an adjective, arch can describe something mischievous or sly: "He teased his friend with an arch comment about his shyness around girls." Primary Meanings of arch 1. nv form an arch or curve 2. adj (used of behavior or attitude) characteristic of those who treat others with condescension 2 adj(used of behavior or attitude) characteristic of those who treat others with condescension Synonyms: condescending, patronising, patronizing superior of or characteristic of high rank or importance adjnaughtily or annoyingly playful Synonyms: impish, implike, mischievous, pixilated, prankish, puckish, wicked playful full of fun and high spirits adjexpert in skulduggery "an arch criminal" Synonyms: skilled having or showing or requiring special skill

venial

قابل اغماض بخشیدنی easily excused; pardonable Some crimes are unforgivable. Others are venial — venial crimes and sins are excusable. They're not a big deal. . In school, there are so many things that are against the rules: talking during class, tossing spitballs, pulling the fire alarm, stealing a basketball, etc. Something venial would be something against the rules but forgivable. For example, if you were late for school because your parents were in the hospital, that lateness is venial. If you burned the gym down, that could never be considered venial. When you see venial, think "forgivable," "excusable," and "no biggie." 1 adjwarranting only temporal punishment "venial sin" Synonyms: minor pardonable admitting of being pardoned adjeasily excused or forgiven "a venial error" Synonyms: excusable, forgivable pardonable admitting of being pardoned

famine

قحطی an extreme shortage of food

revel

لذت بردن، جشن و سرور to take great pleasure in; a wild celebration Revel means to take great pleasure. If you revel in something, you're not just pleased or even excited; you're overwhelmed by joy. It used to mean riotous merry-making. Now it means to bask in the self-reflected glow of your own pleasure. You revel in your victory lap after winning the race. Your brother is constantly on your case for being clumsy, so when he knocks down a table filled with glassware, you revel in it. Think of it as a high level of pleasure. vtake delight in Synonyms: delight, enjoy Types: have a ball, have a good time enjoy oneself greatly wallow delight greatly in live it up enjoy oneself vcelebrate noisily, often indulging in drinking; engage in uproarious festivities Synonyms: jollify, make happy, make merry, make whoopie, racket, wassail, whoop it up Types: carouse, riot, roister engage in boisterous, drunken merrymaking Type of: celebrate, fete have a celebration nunrestrained merrymaking Synonyms: revelry Types: show 5 types... Type of: conviviality, jollification, merrymaking a boisterous celebration; a merry festivity

anathema

لعنت و تکفیر، مرتد شناخته شده از طرف روحانیون (n.) an object of intense dislike; a curse or strong denunciation (often used adjectivally without the article) Something that one absolutely and positively cannot stand is anathema. Garlic is anathema to vampires (ditto for stakes and daylight). So is kryptonite to Superman or a silver bullet to a werewolf. n a formal ecclesiastical curse accompanied by excommunication Type of: condemnation, curse, execration an appeal to some supernatural power to inflict evil on someone or some group n a detested person "he is an anathema to me" Synonyms: bete noire Type of: disagreeable person, unpleasant person a person who is not pleasant or agreeable

ostentatious

متظاهر فخرفروشی showy, pretentious Reach for the adjective ostentatious when you want a flashy way to say — well, "flashy" or "showy." No one wants to be described as ostentatious, a word whose cousins include pretentious, flamboyant, and gaudy. It originates from the Latin word ostentare, "to display," but in English it's often used for displays of the crass or vulgar sort. A rapper's diamond-encrusted teeth might be an ostentatious display of "bling," and someone wailing especially loudly at a funeral of a distant acquaintance might be making an ostentatious show of sorrow. intended to attract notice and impress others "an ostentatious sable coat" Synonyms: pretentious flaunty inclined to flaunt flamboyant, showy, splashy marked by ostentation but often tasteless Antonyms: unostentatious, unpretending, unpretentious not ostentatious show more antonyms... adj(of a display) tawdry or vulgar Synonyms: pretentious tasteless lacking aesthetic or social taste

sartorial

مربوط به خیاطی مربوط به لباس مردانه (adj.) of or pertaining to a tailor or his work; having to do with clothes or dress (especially men's) If it's the day before a big event and you have no idea what to wear and nothing in your closet is going to cut it, you are facing a sartorial dilemma — one that pertains to clothing, fashion, or dressing. Sartorial comes from the Modern Latin word sartor which means "tailor," literally "one who patches and mends." In English the adjectives sartorial and sartorially are used to refer to any matter pertaining to the consideration of clothing or fashion. The root word sartor has also made its way into the field of biology. The sartorius — a muscle in the leg and the longest muscle in the human body — gets its name because it is used when crossing the legs, also known as the "tailor's position."

supercilious

مغرور Supercilious people think very highly of themselves, more highly than of others. If your sister tends to act snobby and superior, you can describe her as supercilious. You might expect Nobel Prize winners to be supercilious — after all, they've reached the very heights of their profession. But one-on-one, your famous physics professor might be humble and fun to talk to, anything but supercilious. Most often, it's people who have no right to be arrogant, rude, and holier-than-thou who behave in the most supercilious ways. The Latin root supercilium means "haughty demeanor," but also "eyebrow" — as in an eyebrow raised in a haughty, supercilious expression. having or showing arrogant superiority to and disdain of those one views as unworthy "his mother eyed my clothes with a supercilious air" Synonyms: disdainful, haughty, imperious, lordly, overbearing, prideful, sniffy, swaggering proud feeling self-respect or pleasure in something by which you measure your self-worth; or being a reason for pride adjexpressive of contempt "curled his lip in a supercilious smile" Synonyms: sneering, snide uncomplimentary tending to (or intended to) detract or disparage

sententious

نصیحت آمیز (adj.) self-righteous, characterized by moralizing; given to use of maxims or adages; saying much in few words, pithy If you speak in sententious phrases, your listeners are probably falling asleep, as your speech is pompous and pretentious, and full of moralistic babble. When sententious first appeared in English — back in the late Middle Ages — it meant "full of wisdom," but now it usually has a negative sense, meaning heavy handed and self-important. The sententious blowhard makes people laugh, and you can probably think of at least three cartoon characters who fit the bill — often a politician or minister who drones on and on, oblivious to the fact that his audience is snickering or trying to sneak out 1 adjconcise and full of meaning ""the peculiarly sardonic and sententious style in which Don Luis composed his epigrams"- Hervey Allen" Synonyms: pithy concise expressing much in few words adjabounding in or given to pompous or aphoristic moralizing ""too often the significant episode deteriorates into sententious conversation"- Kathleen Barnes" Synonyms: pretentious making claim to or creating an appearance of (often undeserved) importance or distinction

execrate

نفرت کردن از مکروه داشتن to denounce as vile or evil; to curse; to detest execrate Just when you thought you knew every word in the book for hate, here's a new one: execrate. The word means to despise or also to curse. Broken down to its Latin root, the word execrate means the opposite of being sacred or devoted to. When you execrate something, you are cursing it instead of making it holy. The word is not used all that often. If you say to someone, "I execrate you!" they might think you're casting an evil spell on them. Which in a way, by cursing them, you are. 1 vcurse or declare to be evil or anathema or threaten with divine punishment Synonyms: accurse, anathematise, anathematize, anathemise, anathemize, comminate Type of: deplore express strong disapproval of vfind repugnant Synonyms: abhor, abominate, loathe Type of: detest, hate dislike intensely; feel antipathy or aversion towards

histrionic

نمایشی overly dramatic, theatrical Anything that has to do with actors or acting can be called histrionic, like a Broadway actor's histrionic voice projection that would sound strange in everyday life but is perfect for the stage. The adjective histrionic, pronounced "his-tree-ON-ic," comes from the Latin words histrionicus and histrio which mean "actor." It can describe things that have to do with acting on the stage, but it can also describe a person who in regular life is a little too dramatic and even over-acts, like your friend whose histrionic rantings make a trip to the grocery store seem like a matter of life and death. 1 adjcharacteristic of acting or a stage performance; often affected "histrionic gestures" Synonyms: melodramatic theatrical suited to or characteristic of the stage or theater

juggernaut

نیروی عظیم منهدم کننده a huge, powerful, and overwhelming force or institution Juggernaut means a massive force. If the army marching into your country is a juggernaut, you're doomed. If you're trying to market a new Cola product, you're up against corporate giant Coca-Cola, a beverage juggernaut if ever there was one. With its roots in Hindi, juggernaut originally referred to a crude statue from which the Hindu god, Brahma, turned into the living god, Krishna. There continues to be a festival in honor of this miracle, in which a statue of Krishna is carted through town. It is said that in times past, devotees would throw themselves under the cart's wheels juggernaut 1 na massive inexorable force that seems to crush everything in its way Synonyms: steamroller Type of: force, power one possessing or exercising power or influence or authority He won a Tony Award last year for his first Broadway outing — writing the script for the global juggernaut "Harry Potter and the Cursed Child."

febrile

وابسته به تب fever Febrile is an adjective that means "related to fever." It can be used in a medical sense when someone is sick and running a temperature, or in a figurative sense to describe a state of excitement or energy. When febrile is used to describe a fever due to illness, it is often used together with the word seizure. A febrile seizure is a seizure triggered by a fever. In a non-medical sense, the word can describe a state of excitement, as in, "The atmosphere in the city was febrile as the king's coronation date approached." You might think the fe in the word sounds like "fee," but it is actually pronounced "feh," as in February.

fell

وحشی ظالم terribly evil The word fell wears many hats in addition to being the past tense of fall. As a noun, a fell can be a stitching on the hem of a piece of clothing like pants, or an animal skin that has the fur intact. n Shakespeare's Macbeth, the character MacDuff is stricken when he learns that his family has been killed "in one fell swoop." Here the adjective fell means "vicious and cruel." adj (of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering Synonyms: barbarous, brutal, cruel, roughshod, savage, vicious inhumane lacking and reflecting lack of pity or compassion

pompous

پرشکوه مطمین قلنبه overly self-important in speech and manner A pompous person is arrogant or conceited. He'll walk into a party with an inflated ego, ready to tell anyone who will listen that "I'm kind of a big deal." Today we associate the adjective pompous with self-important jerks. But it's actually derived from the Old French pompeux, which meant "stately." And that's why you can also use pompous to describe something with a lot of ceremonial or stately display — in other words, something surrounded by "pomp and circumstance." 1 adjpuffed up with vanity "a pompous speech" Synonyms: grandiloquent, overblown, pontifical, portentous pretentious making claim to or creating an appearance of (often undeserved) importance or distinction adjcharacterized by pomp and ceremony and stately display Synonyms: ceremonious

imbroglio

پیچیده سوتفاهم a difficult and embarrassing situation An imbroglio is a complicated or confusing personal situation. To rephrase the J. Geils band song, "Love Stinks," if you love her and she loves him and he loves somebody else, you've got quite an imbroglio. Although an imbroglio is a tangled situation or a messy complicated misunderstanding, its history is just the opposite, clear as a bell. Imbroglio is just a borrowed word from Italian meaning "entanglement." If something embarrassing happens at a public event, such as a mishap during the musical performances at the Super Bowl, it is sometimes called an imbroglio. 1 nan intricate and confusing interpersonal or political situation Synonyms: embroilment Type of: situation a complex or critical or unusual difficulty na very embarrassing misunderstanding Type of: misinterpretation, mistaking, misunderstanding putting the wrong interpretation on

plying

کار کردن to work diligently(با کوشش) Ply means to work steadily at something. If you've got a lemonade stand and you're busy perfecting your recipe and seeking out customers, you're doing a good job of plying your trade. A ship that regularly travels a particular route plies that route. When someone offers you food or drink, often in hopes of getting something in return, they're plying you: "If I ply you with cake, will you take my dog for a walk?" The noun ply is very different from the verb, referring to layers or strands. Four-ply yarn is made up of four strands. Plywood is made of many layers of wood glued together.

frivolous

کم ارزش بی ارزش سبکسری (adj.) of little importance, not worthy of serious attention; not meant seriously Frivolous things are silly or unnecessary. If something is frivolous, then you don't need it. Frivolous things are goofy, useless, or just plain dumb. The word is often used to describe lawsuits. A frivolous lawsuit has no value and will be a waste of the court's time. If someone is frivolous, that person shouldn't be taken seriously because he's always fooling around and never gets anything done. Frivolous is pretty much the opposite of essential. frivolous 1 adjnot serious in content or attitude or behavior "a frivolous novel" "a frivolous remark" "a frivolous young woman" Synonyms: superficial concerned with or comprehending only what is apparent or obvious; not deep or penetrating emotionally or intellectually airheaded, dizzy, empty-headed, featherbrained, giddy, light-headed, lightheaded, silly lacking seriousness; given to frivolity flighty, flyaway, head-in-the-clouds, scatterbrained guided by whim and fancy flippant, light-minded showing inappropriate levity idle, light silly or trivial light intended primarily as entertainment; not serious or profound trivial concerned with trivialities Antonyms: serious concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities

petty

کم اهمیت ناچیز، کوته فکر (adj.) unimportant, trivial; narrow-minded; secondary in rank, minor Petty used to mean just "petite" or "small," but now it's used for things that are trivial and shouldn't matter much. If you host world leaders and spend more time picking napkins than memorizing names, you're focused on petty things. A few neutral meanings of petty are still in use today — such as "petty cash," which refers to a small amount of cash on hand — but most uses of petty since the 16th century are negative, as in "narrow-minded," "trivial," and "of little importance." A "petty argument" is a popular expression, because many people get all worked up over something that isn't very important — a petty concern — that seems much smaller after the heat of the moment. petty Petty used to mean just "petite" or "small," but now it's used for things that are trivial and shouldn't matter much. If you host world leaders and spend more time picking napkins than memorizing names, you're focused on petty things. A few neutral meanings of petty are still in use today — such as "petty cash," which refers to a small amount of cash on hand — but most uses of petty since the 16th century are negative, as in "narrow-minded," "trivial," and "of little importance." A "petty argument" is a popular expression, because many people get all worked up over something that isn't very important — a petty concern — that seems much smaller after the heat of the moment. Start learning this word Think you know petty? Quiz yourself: ASSESSMENT: 100 POINTS petty means : unimportant preliminary migrant fugitive Thesaurus Share It Primary Meanings of petty 1. adjn (informal) small and of little importance 2. adj contemptibly narrow in outlook Full Definitions of petty 1 adj(informal) small and of little importance "limited to petty enterprises" Synonyms: fiddling, footling, lilliputian, little, niggling, picayune, piddling, piffling, trivial unimportant not important adjinferior in rank or status "petty officialdom" Synonyms: junior-grade, lower-ranking, lowly, secondary, subaltern junior younger; lower in rank; shorter in length of tenure or service nlarceny of property having a value less than some amount (the amount varies by locale) Synonyms: petit larceny, petty larceny Antonyms: grand larceny, grand theft larceny of property having a value greater than some amount (the amount varies by locale) Type of: larceny, stealing, theft, thievery, thieving the act of taking something from someone unlawfully 2 adjcontemptibly narrow in outlook "petty little comments" Synonyms: small-minded narrow, narrow-minded lacking tolerance or flexibility or breadth of view

sedulous

کوشا و ساعی A sedulous person is someone who works hard and doesn't give up easily. If you make repeated and sedulous attempts to fix a leaky pipe and it only makes things worse, it might be time to go online and find the number of a plumber. . There are a couple of words that basically mean the same thing as sedulous but are a little more common, namely assiduous, painstaking, and diligent. Like sedulous, all of these adjectives can be turned into adverbs by adding the suffix ly: "He assiduously tried to fix the pipe, but to no avail." adj marked by care and persistent effort "sedulous pursuit of legal and moral principles" Synonyms: assiduous diligent characterized by care and perseverance in carrying out tasks