MAN 4701 Chapters 15, 16 and 18 Study Plan
While there is some disagreement about what an international clothing company stands for among its workers, there is a set of values a significant majority of workers believe in. This best describes which of the following? A. A dominant organization culture B. A code of conduct C. An organization subculture D. A clan culture E. A cultural artifact
A. A dominant organization culture
What is the primary reason that managers in the future will be challenged with changing their organizations? A. A rising trend among organizations to compete in the global business arena B. A severe deficit of skills and experience in the available talent pool C. A need for differentiation in the marketplace D. Constantly changing technology E. Increasing government regulations on profit-seeking organizations
A. A rising trend among organizations to compete in the global business arena
______________ emphasizes the needs people develop through life experiences. A. Acquired needs theory B. Expectancy theory C. Needs-goal theory D. The maturity-immaturity continuum E. Theory X
A. Acquired needs theory
Which of the following is the most basic motivation strategy for managers? A. Managerial communication B. Job enlargement C. Monetary incentives D. Behavior modification E. Job design
A. Managerial communication
Which of these helps employees understand why their organization exists? A. Mission statement B. Values statement C. Code of conduct statement D. Vision statement E. Organization culture
A. Mission statement
Which of these describes a method in which leaders view helping followers in their quests to satisfy personal needs, aspirations, and interests as their main priority? A. Servant leadership B. Transformational leadership C. Level 5 leadership D. Coaching E. Authentic leadership
A. Servant leadership
Which of the following concentrates on the personal and natural development of individuals to explain human needs? A. The maturity-immaturity continuum B. Theory X C. Needs-goal theory D. Acquired needs theory E. Expectancy theory
A. The maturity-immaturity continuum
Rhonda is a leader who has a leadership style where she is skilled at clearly outlining goals and what needs to be done. This fits with the Fiedler's Contingency theory factor of _______. A. task structure B. leader-member relations C. consideration D. life cycle stage E. position power
A. task structure
Which of the following is a characteristic of the Porter-Lawler theory of motivation? A. Self-actualization needs B. Intrinsic and extrinsic rewards C. Perceived inequities D. Growth needs E. Motivation strength
B. Intrinsic and extrinsic rewards
Which of the following is NOT a leadership behavior according to the Tannenbaum and Schmidt leadership continuum? A. The manager makes the decision and announces it. B. The manager shows by example what constitutes appropriate behavior. C. The manager "sells" the decision. D. The manager defines the limits and asks the group to make a decision. E. The manager presents the problem, gets suggestions, and then makes the decision.
B. The manager shows by example what constitutes appropriate behavior.
Google's culture is known for its flexibility and innovation with a focus on customer needs. Based on this description, Google would appear to have a(n) _______ culture. A. hierarchy B. adhocracy C. clan D. competitive E. market
B. adhocracy
A type of organizational culture characterized by a strong internal emphasis with a high level of flexibility and autonomy is known as a(n) ___________ culture. A. market B. clan C. hierarchy D. adhocracy E. competitive
B. clan
Organizational myths and language are examples of ______________. A. organizational ceremonies B. cultural artifacts C. organizational rewards D. organizational sagas E. organizational storytelling
B. cultural artifacts
Which of the following is a process theory of motivation? A. McClelland's acquired needs theory B. Theory X-Theory Y C. Needs-goal theory D. Maslow's hierarchy of needs E. Alderfer's ERG theory
C. Needs-goal theory
______________ is a set of shared values that employees have about what the organization does and how it does it. A. An organization subculture B. A code of conduct C. Organization culture D. Organizational commitment E. A cultural artifact
C. Organization culture
The idea that each instance of leadership is different and requires a unique set of leaders, followers, and leadership situations is known as the ______________. A. behavioral approach B. life cycle theory C. situational approach D. transformational approach E. trait approach
C. situational approach
Which of these issues is primarily emphasized in leading? A. Analytical B. Diagnostic C. Abstract D. Cognitive E. Behavioral
E. Behavioral
Which type of leadership inspires organizational success by profoundly affecting followers' beliefs in what an organization should be, as well as their values, such as justice and integrity? A. Servant B. Level 5 C. Authentic D. Coaching E. Transformational
E. Transformational
A(n) _______________culture is characterized by a high degree of flexibility and discretion along with a strong internal focus. A. hierarchy B. adhocracy C. market D. domestic E. clan
E. clan
The ___________ leader identifies inappropriate behavior in followers and suggests how they might correct that behavior. A. transformational B. servant C. level 5 D. authentic E. coaching
E. coaching
The notion that effective leaders must change their leadership styles as they come across different situations is known as ________. A. transformational leadership B. supportive behavior C. consideration behavior D. authentic leadership E. leader flexibility
E. leader flexibility
Quentin works hard at his fast food job because he wants the money the job pays. This is an example of a(n) ___________ reward. A. intrinsic B. safety C. social D. extrinsic E. esteem
D. extrinsic
Which of the following refers to moving employees from one task to another rather than having them perform one simple and specific job over the long-term? A. Job specialization B. Job enrichment C. Job rotation D. Job actualization E. Job enlargement
C. Job rotation
The process of directing the behavior of others toward the accomplishment of an objective is known as which of the following? A. Planning B. Controlling C. Delegating D. Leadership E. Organizing
D. Leadership
Which leadership theory or approach is based on the assumption that a good leader is born, not made? A. Situational approach B. Life cycle theory C. Path-goal theory D. Trait approach E. Authentic leadership
D. Trait approach
______________ is the inner state that primarily causes an individual to behave in a way that ensures the accomplishment of some goal. A. Feeling B. Stress C. Awareness D. Consideration E. Motivation
E. Motivation
A large manufacturing company has a culture that focuses on stability and control. It also focuses most on its own employees, providing them extensive training and closely monitors them. Based on this description, this company appears to have a(n) _______ culture. A. hierarchy B. market C. clan D. competitive E. adhocracy
A. hierarchy
Analyzing an individual's perceived fairness of an employment situation and finding that perceived inequities can lead to changes in behavior describes __________. A. expectancy theory B. equity theory C. Theory X D. Theory Y E. needs-goal theory
B. equity theory
Which of these best explains why people act as they do? A. Perception B. Leadership C. Personality D. Behavior E. Motivation
E. Motivation
A set of shared values that employees in an organization possess regarding the working and existence of their organization is known as ___________. A. organization culture B. organization subculture C. their values statement D. organization socialization E. a cultural artifact
A. organization culture
What theory of leadership is based on two important premises: organizational decisions should be of high quality and subordinates should accept and be committed to organizational decisions that are made? A. Path-goal theory B. Vroom-Yetton-Jago model C. Leadership continuum D. Transformational leadership E. Ohio State studies
B. Vroom-Yetton-Jago model
Company B has multiple branches all over the world. The Switzerland branch is quite isolated from the rest of the company and has formed its own set of values and beliefs separate from the rest of the company. This best describes which of the following? A. A cultural artifact B. An organization subculture C. A clan culture D. Organizational commitment E. A code of conduct
B. An organization subculture
Which of the following is a theory of motivation that emphasizes people's internal characteristics? A. Needs-goal theory B. Content theory C. Expectancy theory D. Equity theory E. Process theory
B. Content theory
A person's degree of desire to perform a behavior is called _____________. A. expectancy B. motivation strength C. positive reinforcement D. job enrichment E. the hierarchy of needs
B. motivation strength
Early leadership research that assumed a good leader is born, not made, is known as the _______. A. life cycle theory B. trait approach C. contingency theory D. behavioral approach E. path-goal theory
B. trait approach
According to the Ohio State University studies, leader behavior falls into two main types: ______________ behavior and ______________ behavior. A. achievement-oriented, participative B. structure; consideration C. consideration; directive D. directive; supportive E. job-centered; employee-centered
B. structure; consideration
Which of these emphasizes how people are motivated and the steps that occur when someone is motivated? A. Content theory of motivation B. Hierarchy of needs theory C. Acquired needs theory D. Process theory of motivation E. ERG theory
D. Process theory of motivation
Which term describes an occurrence in which the more leaders believe their subordinates can achieve, the more they do achieve? A. Authentic leadership B. Path-goal leadership C. Leader flexibility D. Pygmalion effect E. Job-centered behavior
D. Pygmalion effect
A(n) _______ culture places emphasis on flexibility and discretion along with an external focus. A. market B. hierarchy C. clan D. adhocracy E. global
D. adhocracy
According to Alderfer's motivation theory, what are the three basic categories of needs? A. Social, esteem, security B. Physiological, safety, self-actualization C. Expectancy, motivation, equity D. Growth, relatedness, existence E. Motivation, rewards, security
D. Growth, relatedness, existence
Whereas a _______ ensures completion of tasks, a _______ cares about and focuses on the people who do the job. A. leader; manager B. follower; leader C. manager; leader D. stockholder; stakeholder E. leader; follower
C. manager; leader
Samantha uses her moral beliefs to make decisions and shares her values with others. She is demonstrating which type of leadership? A. Coaching B. Servant C. Level 5 D. Authentic E. Transformational
D. Authentic
Which term describes the practice of guiding the behavior of others toward the accomplishments of an objective? A. Leadership B. Managing C. Control D. Organizing E. Planning
A. Leadership
In a marketing firm, workers are allowed to schedule the hours they start and end work as long as work is appropriately completed. This is an example of _______. A. flextime B. monetary incentives C. job rotation D. behavior modification E. Theory X
A. flextime
A(n) _____________ culture reflects values that accentuate stability, control, and an external focus. A. extrinsic B. market C. adhocracy D. hierarchy E. clan
B. market
Which of the following is one of the steps managers can take to help create an organization culture that yields high performance? A. Linking work to employee preferences B. Protecting jobs at any cost C. Leading as champions D. Building a command-and-control structure E. Building a hierarchy of authority
C. Leading as champions
Kate gets significant enjoyment from interacting with her co-workers and feels she has strong interpersonal relationships with them. According to Alderfer's ERG Theory, this example involves Kate primarily fulfilling which need? A. Existence need B. Growth need C. Self-actualization need D. Relatedness need E. Esteem need
D. Relatedness need
Leadership that educates followers on how to meet the special organizational challenges they face is known as _________. A. professional will B. servant leadership C. coaching D. transformational leadership E. supportive behavior
C. coaching
In order to lessen the boredom that his employees feel, Steve is going to increase the number of parts each employee assembles to allow for more variety in the job. This is an example of which job design strategy? A. Monetary incentives B. Job enlargement C. Flextime D. Positive reinforcement E. Behavior modification
B. Job enlargement
Which of the following is a theory developed to help managers better understand human needs? A. Likert's management systems B. Vroom's expectancy theory C. Alderfer's ERG theory D. Needs-goal theory E. Behavior modification
C. Alderfer's ERG theory
Blair Service wants its managers to be leaders. Which of the following behaviors best fits with being a leader versus being a manager? A. Systematically choosing goals. B. Having concern for workers as people. C. Developing organizational strategies. D. Rewarding employees for high performance. E. Designing organization systems in a rational manner.
B. Having concern for workers as people.
Organization __________ reflect(s) the dedication of organization members to uphold the values of the organization and to make worthwhile contributions to fulfilling organizational purpose. A. socialization B. commitment C. sagas D. symbols E. storytelling
B. commitment
Wilson Industries trains managers to understand what it takes for employees to be high performers. Managers learn how to direct and advise employees in ways to increase performance and reach goals. Which step in building a high-performance organization culture does this best represent? A. Holding managers accountable B. Building a hierarchy of objectives C. Recognizing and rewarding D. Investing in talent E. Leading as champion
A. Holding managers accountable
Taylor is the CEO of a large corporation. She is very modest about her accomplishments and is committed to building the long-term success of her company. She is demonstrating which type of leadership? A. Level 5 B. Servant C. Transformational D. Path-goal E. Leader flexibility
A. Level 5
Which of the following is one of the primary types of leader behavior according to the path-goal theory of leadership? A. Initiating structure B. Directive behavior C. Employee-centered behavior D. Consideration E. Job-centered behavior
B. Directive behavior
Which of the following refers to growing the number of tasks an individual does in order to improve his or her satisfaction with work? A. Job rotation B. Job enlargement C. Job specialization D. Job actualization E. Job enrichment
B. Job enlargement
A mini-culture within an organization which reflects the values and beliefs of a specific segment of an organization is called a(n) _________________ A. adhocracy culture B. organization subculture C. clan culture D. hierarchy culture E. dominant organization culture
B. organization subculture
Which of the following involves leaders who are acutely aware of their own and others' moral perspectives and who are confident, hopeful, optimistic, resilient, and of high moral character? A. Stewardship B. Transformational leadership C. Authentic leadership D. Level 5 leadership E. Servant leadership
C. Authentic leadership
The leadership studies conducted at the University of Michigan identified two basic types of leader behavior: _________ behavior and _______ behavior. A. achievement-oriented; directive B. structure; consideration C. achievement-oriented; participative D. job-centered; employee-centered E. directive; supportive
D. job-centered; employee-centered
Which of the following would LEAST likely help a manager to build an organization culture that yields high performance? A. Investing in talent B. Leading as champion C. Building customer loyalty D. Tracking and talking about performance E. Linking work to organization mission
C. Building customer loyalty
Jason always tries to discover the facts in what is said and the feelings and emotions behind what is said. Jason is exhibiting which of these coaching leader behaviors? A. Showing patience toward people B. Empowering employees to act on visions creatively C. Listening closely D. Giving emotional support E. Showing by example what constitutes appropriate behavior
C. Listening closely
The OSU studies concluded there were two main types of leader behavior. They are known as which of the following? A. Employee-centered behavior and job-centered behavior B. Relationship behavior and task behavior C. Structure behavior and consideration behavior D. Directive behavior and supportive behavior E. Maturity and structure
C. Structure behavior and consideration behavior
The dimension of organization culture that places an emphasis on applying new ideas to improve organizational processes, products, or services is known as the _______ dimension. A. diversity B. quality C. innovation D. spirituality E. ethics
C. innovation
Which of the following refers to the top level of Maslow's hierarchy that focuses on maximizing an individual's potential? A. Esteem needs B. Safety needs C. Self-actualization needs D. Physiological needs E. Social needs
C. Self-actualization needs
A successful coaching leader is characterized by many different kinds of behavior. Which of the following is NOT one of these behaviors? A. Listens closely B. Shows by example what constitutes appropriate behavior C. Shows patience toward people D. Empowers employees to act on visions creatively E. Gives emotional support
D. Empowers employees to act on visions creatively
Which term describes a culture with internal focus along with an emphasis on stability and control? A. Adhocracy culture B. Clan culture C. Intrinsic culture D. Hierarchy culture E. Market culture
D. Hierarchy culture
Which leadership approach takes into account follower maturity, leader task behavior, and leader relationship behavior? A. Contingency theory B. Path-goal theory C. Trait approach D. Life cycle theory E. Behavioral approach
D. Life cycle theory
Coach Smith tries to drill into her athletes that the team wins and loses together. There are no individual players, only the team. She is demonstrating which characteristic of an effective coach? A. Listening skills B. Self-confidence and emotional stability C. Empathy D. Noncompetitiveness with team members E. Enthusiasm for people
D. Noncompetitiveness with team members
Marie is a motivation researcher who focuses her attention on the steps that take place when a person is motivated. This best fits with which motivation theory basic type? A. ERG theory B. Intrinsic motivation theory C. Needs-goal theory D. Process theory E. Content theory
D. Process theory
According to Tannenbaum and Schmidt, which of the following is a force in a manager that influences his/her determination of which leadership behavior to use in making decisions? A. The effectiveness of a group B. The time available to make a decision C. The type of organization in which the leader works D. The level of confidence in subordinates E. The necessary knowledge and experience to deal with a problem
D. The level of confidence in subordinates
Rachel is giving her employees significant input into a decision because she is confident they can succeed and have relevant skills. According to the Tannenbaum and Schmidt leadership continuum, this best fits with which type of forces that determine leadership behavior in making decisions? A. forces in subordinates B. transformational leadership C. forces in the situation D. forces in the manager E. directive forces
D. forces in the manager
Derrick is trying to convince his employer that a stronger organizational culture would help the organization. Which of the following is NOT a major function of having a strong organization culture? A. An organization culture can enhance productivity B. An organization culture can act as a guideline for making operational decisions C. An organization culture provides a rationale for staffing D. An organization culture can be a component of organizational strategy E. An organization culture can make business success easier
E. An organization culture can make business success easier
A document that discusses an organization's core values and advises how employees should act in relation to those values is referred to as which of the following? A. Ethics code B. A values statement C. Mission statement D. Whistleblower policy E. Code of conduct
E. Code of conduct
When an organization increases the importance of performance rewards and goal setting, this is an example of which function of organization culture? A. Organizational strategy B. Organizational competency C. Organizational commitment D. Operational decision making E. Organizational productivity
E. Organizational productivity
Which leadership theory focuses on how much participation to allow subordinates in the decision-making process? A. The trait approach B. Path-goal theory C. Life cycle theory D. Participative behavior E. The Vroom-Yetton-ago model
E. The Vroom-Yetton-ago model
If John is able to get his employees to act in a certain manner, and follow a new course of action in his department, it is an example of _________. A. planning B. controlling C. coercing D. organizing E. directing
E. directing
Jesse feels personal satisfaction when he mows his elderly neighbor's yard. This satisfaction comes directly from performing the task and is known as a(n) ___________ reward. A. extrinsic B. safety C. achievement D. self-actualized E. intrinsic
E. intrinsic
The strength to take actions that are consistent with moral beliefs despite pressures, either inside or outside of the organization, to do otherwise is known as ______________. A. servant leadership B. professional will C. Level 5 leadership D. personal humility E. moral courage
E. moral courage
The inner state of a person that causes them to behave in a way that guarantees the accomplishment of a goal is known as ________. A. self-actualization B. equity C. job enrichment D. growth E. motivation
E. motivation
In the Tannenbaum and Schmidt leadership continuum, managers displaying leadership behaviors that are more democratic are known as which of the following? A. People-centered B. Directive leaders C. Job-centered D. Boss-centered E. Subordinate-centered
E. Subordinate-centered
In which step of building a high-performance organization culture would a manager encourage employees to set goals, monitor progress towards goal attainment, and take corrective action, if necessary? A. Track and talk about performance B. Lead as champion C. Recognize and reward D. Build a hierarchy of objectives E. Invest in talent
A. Track and talk about performance
_________ combines personal humility with an intense will to build long-range organizational success. A. Transformational leadership B. Level 5 leadership C. Authentic leadership D. Servant leadership E. Coaching
B. Level 5 leadership
Which of the following suggests that, because each instance of leadership is different, it requires a unique combination of leaders, followers, and behaviors? A. Authentic leadership B. Situational leadership C. Transformational leadership D. Pygmalion effect E. Path-goal theory of leadership
B. Situational leadership
Marla is a transformational leader in the logistics company she works for. Which leader behavior below best supports the idea she is a transformational leader? A. She has subordinates focus attention on improving their skills in current work practices B. She gives bonuses for quality work C. She promotes learning for all organization members D. She makes sure that professionalism is the main value of all employees E. She rarely fires an employee
C. She promotes learning for all organization members
____________ is an explanation of motivation that emphasizes individual's internal characteristics focusing on understanding needs, and how those needs can be met. A. Needs-goal theory B. Equity theory C. Process theory of motivation D. Content theory of motivation E. Expectancy theory
D. Content theory of motivation
According to Likert's management systems strategy, which of the following best characterizes a System 2 style of management? A. A lack of confidence or trust in subordinates B. Information flowing upward, downward, and horizontally C. Complete trust and confidence in subordinates D. Substantial, though not complete, confidence in subordinates E. A condescending master-to-servant-style confidence and trust in subordinates
E. A condescending master-to-servant-style confidence and trust in subordinates
According to the Vroom-Yetton-Jago Model, when a manager shares the situation with individual subordinates and asks for information and evaluation, subordinates do not meet as a group, and the manager alone makes the decision, the decision style is said to be ________. A. AI B. GII C. CII D. AII E. CI
E. CI
Which term refers to the shared values about an organization held by the majority of organization members? A. Cultural artifacts B. Dominant organization culture C. Organization subculture D. Organization commitment E. Code of conduct
B. Dominant organization culture
According to Fred Fielder's contingency theory of leadership, there are three primary factors that should be considered when moving leaders into situations appropriate for their leadership styles: __________, __________, and __________. A. professional will, moral courage, coaching B. leader-member relations, task structure, position power C. leader flexibility, directive behavior, personal humility D. support, participation, achievement E. intelligence, past achievement, emotional maturity
B. leader-member relations, task structure, position power
According to Frederick Herzberg, the two factors that influence the degree to which workers are satisfied or dissatisfied with the job are ___________ and ____________ factors. A. punishment; reward B. existence; growth C. hygiene; motivating D. power; achievement E. equity; expectancy
C. hygiene; motivating
Anita wants to improve the efficiency of her department's use of resources beyond their current goals. She is very concerned with the success of her department. She wants all of her employees to exceed their goals because she wants everyone to constantly strive to reach higher. According to McClelland, Anita most likely has which of the following? A. A low need for affiliation B. A low need for achievement C. A low need for power D. A high need for achievement E. A high need for affiliation
D. A high need for achievement
Being willing to listen and trying to understand another person's point of view exemplifies which characteristic of an effective coach? A. Minimum hostility toward people B. Enthusiasm for people C. Noncompetitiveness with team members D. Empathy E. Diplomacy and tact
D. Empathy
Zack tries to see the good in all of his subordinates. This is an example of which characteristic of an effective coach? A. Noncompetitiveness B. Diplomacy and tact C. Self-confidence and emotional stability D. Enthusiasm for people E. Insight into people
D. Enthusiasm for people
John is a manager who exhibits many workplace behaviors focused on how well subordinates perform their jobs. In the leader behaviors identified in the Michigan studies, these types of behaviors are known as _______. A. supportive behavior B. employee-centered behavior C. leadership style D. job-centered behavior E. structure behavior
D. job-centered behavior
Kathryn feels she is underpaid for the job that she performs at Ballston Industries. Because of this, she has decided to seek a new position with better pay and benefits. This is an example of which motivation theory? A. Needs-goal theory B. ERG theory C. Expectancy theory D. Porter-Lawler theory E. Equity theory
E. Equity theory
Steven is CEO of a large firm and he is involved in explaining how practices that build organizational culture need to be changed. He has talked to people at all levels of the organization. Which step in building a high-performance organization culture does this best represent? A. Holding managers accountable B. Investing in talent C. Building a hierarchy of objectives D. Recognizing and rewarding E. Leading as champion
E. Leading as champion
Which statement about management and leadership is most likely TRUE? A. Managing is easier than leading. B. Managing is more important than leading. C. Managing is more focused in scope when compared to leading. D. Managing and leading are synonyms for one another and can be used interchangeably. E. Managing is broader in scope than leading.
E. Managing is broader in scope than leading.
Which of these is FALSE about organization culture? A. Organization culture is the personality of the organization. B. Organization culture has dimensions such as organization rituals, special language, norms, and habits. C. The actual characteristics of a particular culture are often difficult to define. D. Organization culture is a set of values that organization members share regarding the functioning and existence of their organization. E. Organization culture is usually established all at once by a manager.
E. Organization culture is usually established all at once by a manager.
Gary works hard to help his followers reach their dreams and aspirations. He is a(n) ______________ leader. A. authentic B. coaching C. transformational D. level 5 E. servant
E. servant
The Disney Company uses Mickey Mouse in much of its materials and buildings to help represent the important family friendly element of the company. This is an example of a(n) ______________. A. organizational saga B. organizational ceremony C. organizational storytelling D. organizational reward E. organizational symbol
E. organizational symbol