Mana 5345 - Exam 1 - Chapter 1

30. Leaders' power to provide pay raises and promotions is ______. A. reward B. coercive C. legitimate D. referent

Ans: A

31. Defining leadership as a process means ______. A. it is a transactional event between leader and followers B. it is restricted to certain people C. it is an inborn trait or characteristic D. it may only take place in formal groups

Ans: A

33. The primary functions of management are ______. A. planning, organizing, staffing, and controlling B. forming, storming, norming, and reforming C. building, breaking down, rebuilding, and maintaining D. ruling, listening, adapting, and adjusting

Ans: A

41. Often leadership occurs within a context where one individual influences a group of others to accomplish goals. Which best describes this component of leadership? A. Leadership occurs in groups. B. Leadership involves influence. C. Leadership includes organizations. D. Leadership includes attention to common goals.

Ans: A

49. The leader is at the core of group change and activity, representing the backbone of the group or organization. Leadership is viewed as ______. A. focus of group processes B. personality perspective C. leadership as an act D. leadership as a behavior

Ans: A

51. Coercive leadership is not considered ideal leadership as defined in this text because ______. A. influence in leadership includes followers and leaders working toward a common goal B. process is a part of the definition in both coercion and leadership C. forcing and manipulative behaviors are legitimate leadership tactics D. coercive leadership involves both individual and common goals

Ans: A

57. The trait definition of leadership suggests ______. A. leadership occurs because of who the leader is B. interaction is the key to leadership success C. self-confidence is required for good leadership D. dominance is required for good leadership

Ans: A

59. The essential ingredient in leadership is ______. A. influence B. intelligence C. efficiency D. expertise

Ans: A

65. Group theory, relationships, and leader effectiveness were three themes that dominated leadership research in which decade? A. 1950s B. 1970s C. 1980s D. 1990s

Ans: A

72. The origins of the study of leadership can be traced back to ______. A. ancient Greeks B. the American Revolution C. the early 20th century D. the 1960s

Ans: A

75. The group thinks that Dawn is influential even though Dawn has no formal position of authority. Dawn can be described as ______. A. an emergent leader B. a legitimate leader C. an assigned leader D. a coercive leader

Ans: A

2. In the book's discussion of leadership, power is described as ______. A. a relational concern for both leaders and followers B. use of force over others to manipulate them C. letting any follower do whatever he or she wants D. forcing people to engage in extreme behaviors

Ans: A a relational concern for both leaders and followers

19. Simonet and Tett (2012) found that management is distinct from leadership by its focus on ______. A. extrinsic motivation B. intrinsic motivation C. strategic planning D. creative thinking

Ans: A, extrinsic motivation

22. One key to emerging as a leader ______. A. is to be perceived by others as likable and knowledgeable B. is to be forceful in asserting your opinions C. is to avoid listening to opposing opinions D. is to be perceived by others as commanding and dominant

Ans: A, is to be perceived by others as likable and knowledgeable

12. The common goals element of the definition of leadership means ______. A. leaders and followers have a mutual purpose B. leaders and followers have similar personalities C. leaders and followers have similar interests D. leaders and followers have a mutual desire for power

Ans: A, leaders and followers have a mutual purpose

20. Differences between management and leadership include ______. A. leaders are emotionally involved, whereas managers have low emotional involvement B. managers shape ideas, whereas leaders are reactive in solving problems C. leaders are unidirectional influencers, whereas managers are multidirectional influencers D. leaders are controlling, whereas managers are motivating

Ans: A, leaders are emotionally involved, whereas managers have low emotional involvement

7. Chief executive officers of any company have ______. A. legitimate power B. referent power C. expert power D. personal power

Ans: A, legitimate power

25. The emerging approach known as servant leadership ______. A. focuses on followers needs B. focuses on traits C. focuses on adapting to solve problems D. focuses on spirituality

Ans: A. focuses on followers needs

29. ______ argued that leaders and managers are distinct; they are different types of people. A. Jago B. Zaleznik C. Kotter D. Bass

Ans: B

32. Which of the following is not one of the classifications for a definition of leadership? A. the focus of group process B. an artistic process C. a behavior D. a personality trait

Ans: B

36. Fisher associates all of the following positive communication behaviors with emergent leadership, except ______. A. being verbally involved B. establishing roles C. seeking others' opinions D. initiating new ideas

Ans: B

40. On the way to track practice you get pulled over for speeding. When you arrive to practice late, the coach makes you run laps. This is an example of ______. A. legitimate power B. coercive power C. expert power D. personal power

Ans: B

48. As captain of the soccer team, your primary concern is winning games and maintaining the strength of the team. Your players couldn't care less about teamwork and just want to win. Which component of leadership would you recommend the leader focus on? A. roles B. common goals C. process D. influence

Ans: B

53. Writing about and researching leadership is ______. A. declining in popularity B. a universally appealing topic C. simplistic rather than complex D. less popular in the business area than in social sciences

Ans: B

58. When contemporary leadership researchers analyze conversations between leaders and subordinates in a workplace, they are using which approach in their studies? A. trait approach B. discursive approach C. do as the leader wishes approach D. authentic leader approach

Ans: B

60. Arvid works at a new smoothie shop that has not yet made a profit. The boss tells Arvid and the other workers that whoever sells more than 30 smoothies during their daily shift will earn a bonus. Arvid's boss is primarily using what type of function? A. leadership by building teams and coalitions to inspire people B. management by developing an incentive program to solve a problem C. management by placing people in the appropriate jobs according to skill D. leadership by creating a vision to inspire change

Ans: B

61. A process view of leadership means that ______. A. people with special characteristics are the ones who can engage in the leadership process B. anyone can learn leadership and emerge as a leader C. capacity to lead others is an inborn trait D. leadership cannot truly be observed

Ans: B

62. Simonet and Tett studied the difference between leadership and management. Which of the following best reflects their findings? A. leadership and management are two totally distinct competencies B. leadership involves creative thinking and comfort with ambiguity C. managers cannot practice leadership D. leaders cannot practice management

Ans: B

69. The dean of the college appointed you to chair the student advisory committee. In this case, you are an ______. A. intrinsic leader B. assigned leader C. emergent leader D. expert leader

Ans: B

73. According to Kotter, management is about seeking stability, and leadership is about seeking ______. A. order B. change C. followers D. rewards

Ans: B

76. What kind of power is given to a leader by her/his followers? A. position power B. personal power C. legitimate power D. reward power

Ans: B

77. Hitler's reign is not considered a form of leadership because ______. A. leadership was not a true field of study before 1950 B. Hitler used coercion, which runs counter to the idea of working with followers C. Hitler did not possess the traits that are universally associated with leaders D. leadership is about teams and organizations, not communities and regions

Ans: B

78. Coercing someone means to influence them ______. A. to try something new B. against their will C. toward a common goal D. in a challenging situation

Ans: B

80. Which of the following is most accurate about leaders and followers? A. followers need leaders, but leaders do not need followers B. leaders have an ethical responsibility to followers C. leaders do not initiate relationships with followers D. followers are not part of the leadership equation

Ans: B

5. In their discussion about management and leadership, Bennis and Nanus said that leaders ______. A. "do things right" B. "do the right thing" C. "do what followers want" D. "do enough to get the job done"

Ans: B, "do the right thing"

6. People in the organization like me because I know what I am doing and share knowledge with followers. I have ______. A. position power B. personal power C. information power D. legitimate power

Ans: B, Personal Power

18. The primary functions of leadership are ______. A. directing, ruling, encouraging B. aligning, visioning, inspiring C. building, maintaining, staffing D. budgeting, controlling, problem solving

Ans: B, aligning, visioning, inspiring

8. I can emerge as the leader in my group project by ______. A. telling all group members exactly what to do B. communicating and listening well with group members C. sitting at the head of the table D. being designated by the instructor as the group leader

Ans: B, communicating and listening well with group members

15. Coercive leadership ______. A. is rewarding players who met their goals B. is forcing followers to engage in extreme behaviors C. is using the influence relationship to affect change D. is supporting ethical behavior amongst team members

Ans: B, is forcing followers to engage in extreme behaviors

9. Kellerman argues that in the last 40 years, there has been a shift in leadership power from ______. A. shared power to top down power B. leader dominated power to shared power with followers C. follower dominated power to shared power with leaders D. referent power focus to coercive power focus

Ans: B, leader dominated power to shared power with followers

4. The four key elements of the definition of leadership used in the text are ______. A. trait, goal, emergent, expert B. process, influence, group, goal C. values, ethics, process, performance D. capability, competency, skill, relationship

Ans: B, process, influence, group, goal

13. The statement "She/he is born to be a leader" suggests a ______. A. process definition of leadership B. trait definition of leadership C. gender bias definition of leadership D. coercive definition of leadership

Ans: B, trait definition of leadership

23. Which of the following bases of power is considered personal power? A. information B. referent C. reward D. legitimate

Ans: B. referent

28. Although there are clear differences between management and leadership, ______. A. there is little research to support one or the other B. leadership is more valued than management C. the two constructs overlap D. management is more valued than leadership

Ans: C

38. Leadership is a phenomenon that takes place in the context of the interaction between leaders and followers. This viewpoint would suggest leadership is accessible by all ______. A. reward B. referent C. process D. trait

Ans: C

43. Kotter suggested that management produces ______ and ______. A. change and structure B. vision and order C. order and consistency D. change and movement

Ans: C

44. You are trying to explain to your friend the difference between managers and leaders. You would be most accurate in saying ______. A. leaders and managers cannot coexist in an organization B. leaders make more money than managers C. managers maintain order and leaders seek change D. managers have more referent power than leaders

Ans: C

47. Your parents and older siblings are all successful elected officials. After graduation, it is suggested by many that you should seek office and, in turn, they offer you their support. Which best describes the leadership approach being demonstrated by your supporters? A. behavioral approach to leadership B. leadership as a process C. trait perspective D. expert power

Ans: C

50. Jeffrey is the chief financial officer of an established marketing firm. He recently learned that the company is going to try to merge with a new firm. He shares this potential merger with only a few of his mid-level managers he trusts. Jeffrey has ______. A. information and referent power B. reward and referent power C. information and legitimate power D. personal and information power

Ans: C

52. My boss really does not understand the technical aspects of the job my group is trying to complete. I understand the intricacies of the project, and my team members come to me with all of their questions. What has happened in this work setting? A. I have taken control and power of the group. B. I have undermined my boss. C. I have emerged as the team leader. D. My boss is no longer a leader.

Ans: C

56. Which of the following is a planning and budgeting management function? A. create a vision B. build teams and coalitions C. setting timetables D. aligning people

Ans: C

64. In the first few decades of the 20th century, leadership definitions centered on the notion of ______. A. relationships B. process C. domination D. personality

Ans: C

67. After studying leadership for more than 100 years, scholars can agree on this one thing: ______. A. a universal set of traits determines who can practice leadership B. true leadership is found in people holding positions of authority C. there is still not a common definition of leadership for all contexts D. leadership can be reduced to a few simple skills

Ans: C

70. According to Hogg's research on leadership and social identity theory, a person is most likely to emerge as a leader in a group when she/he ______. A. stands out as being uniquely different from the rest of the group B. can correctly identify the social status of each group member C. is recognized as being most similar to the group prototype D. is the most socially networked person in the group

Ans: C

71. Which type of power have people used in recent years to level the playing field among leaders and followers? A. coercive B. reward C. information D. legitimate

Ans: C

74. At work, you are on a team of people searching for a new CEO. Everyone agrees the new CEO needs to have excellent leadership skills, so your team starts writing the job description. Which phrase would you use in the job description to reflect your search for a leader? A. looking for candidates skilled in safety and quality control B. seeking a dispassionate problem solver C. searching for a change agent and creative thinker D. hiring an experienced policy administrator

Ans: C

79. Your coach thinks Daniel should be the team leader because Daniel is strong, confident, and intelligent. The coach is using which viewpoint of leadership? A. process B. management C. trait D. power

Ans: C

16. To coerce means to ______. A. influence others toward a common goal B. influence others to behave ethically C. influence others to do something against their will D. influence others using positive rewards

Ans: C, influence others to do something against their will

17. Non-leadership is ______. A. a relational interaction between a group of people toward common goals B. sharing goal development with followers C. leadership that is focused on individual goals D. leadership that is focused on working with followers to achieve common goals

Ans: C, leadership that is focused on individual goals

26. Which way of classifying leadership involves capabilities to make leadership possible? A. group process B. personality C. skills D. power

Ans: C, skills

3. The "natural leader" trait definition of leadership ______. A. is about the interaction between leaders and followers B. can be learned C. is restricted to those with inborn talent, qualities, or characteristics D. is about developing leadership skills

Ans: C. is restricted to those with inborn talent, qualities, or characteristics

27. The process definition of leadership implies ______. A. leadership is linear B. leadership is one-way, top-down C. leadership is leader centered D. leadership is reciprocal between leaders and followers

Ans: D

34. Some positive communication behaviors that account for successful leader emergence are ______. A. sense of humor, facial expressiveness B. being dominant, speaking frequently C. differentiating oneself from the group, challenging group norms D. being informed, initiating new ideas

Ans: D

35. Leadership definitions have evolved during the 20th century in the following way: ______. A. the trait approach remains the most popular approach over time B. a leader's power remains a key requirement for goal accomplishment C. focus on leadership effectiveness became prominent in the 1970s D. leadership research peaked in the 1980s

Ans: D

37. You are told you need to work weekends. Your supervisor gives you a pay raise in return. What type of power is your supervisor using? A. referent B. expert C. legitimate D. reward

Ans: D

39. You really enjoy working for your boss and look up to her or him as a role model. You are more than willing to work hard for the organization because of your relationship with your boss. This is an example of ______. A. legitimate power B. coercive power C. position power D. personal power

Ans: D

42. Watson and Hoffman's study on leadership emergence with regard to gender-biased perceptions would suggest ______. A. influential women were rated the same as men in terms of leadership B. women are much more likeable than men C. emergence in leadership has little to do with gender bias D. there continue to be barriers to women's emergence as leaders in some settings

Ans: D

45. In which way will leadership and power be approached in upcoming chapters? A. as a form of coercion B. as positional power C. from the perspective of the follower D. as a relational concern for both leaders and followers

Ans: D

46. Understanding the nature of leadership has proved to be quite the challenge for practitioners and researchers because ______. A. its appeal is limited to academics and scholars B. very little research has been done C. it has not received much attention D. it is a highly valued phenomenon that is very complex

Ans: D

54. Leadership and management ______. A. are completely separate entities B. occur only in large corporations C. occur only in small organizations D. are both needed in organizations

Ans: D

55. The faculty member on your study abroad trip to Costa Rica has traveled there many times and is quite knowledgeable about the country and places you visited. She gave you guidance about the country, local culture, and safety issues while you were interning with the local farmers. The faculty member was using ______. A. referent power B. positional power C. coercive power D. expert power

Ans: D

63. You and your co-workers are struggling to learn a new software program at work, and you are on a tight deadline to get a report to a major client when your boss decides to step in. Which of the following uses of power by your boss would run counter to the common goals at work? A. sharing new guidelines he just received from the software engineers B. offering to take the team to dinner when the report is complete C. sitting with your team and troubleshooting the program alongside you D. announcing that anyone who is not proficient by Friday will be replaced

Ans: D

66. One of the most contemporary approaches to studying leadership is the focus on ______. A. traits B. transformation C. skills D. followership

Ans: D

68. Which part of the leadership definition offered in the textbook gives leadership its ethical tone? A. group B. process C. influence D. common goals

Ans: D

10. Information power is ______. A. based on followers liking of their leader B. derived from having the ability to provide rewards C. focused on the social contract between leaders and followers D. derived from possessing knowledge that others want or need

Ans: D derived from possessing knowledge that others want or need

11.Who is responsible for the leadership process? A. followers B. leaders C. organizations D. followers and leaders

Ans: D followers and leaders

14. Social identity theory would suggest leadership emergence occurs when ______. A. the group identifies with the leader B. an individual acquires the skills to do the job well C. the group assigns an individual the role of leader D. an individual becomes most like the group prototype

Ans: D, an individual becomes most like the group prototype

21. The primary functions of management are ______. A. producing change and movement B. producing positive leadership outcomes C. producing a creative vision D. producing order and consistency

Ans: D, producing order and consistency

24. Scholarly research and popular work on the nature of leadership exploded in this decade. A. 1950s B. 1960s C. 1970s D. 1980s

Ans: D. 1980s

True/False 1. The research on leadership generally has found it to be a relatively simple process.

Ans: F

True/False 4. According to Burns, followers should remember that their leaders are above them and act accordingly.

Ans: F

True/False 6. The view that leadership is a behavior rather than a trait emerged in the 1930s.

Ans: F

True/False 9. The process definition of leadership states that certain individuals have inborn qualities that differentiate them from non-leaders.

Ans: F

1. ______ argued that the major activities of management and leadership are played out differently; but both are essential to an organization. A. Jago B. Zaleznik C. Kotter D. Bass

Ans: Kotter

1. If you would like to emerge as a leader in a group project for a class, what are two communication behaviors you should demonstrate?

Ans: Leadership emergence is associated with positive communication behaviors including being verbally involved with group members, being informed about the project, seeking group members' opinions, initiating new ideas, and being firm but not rigid.

5. If your boss subscribes to the definition of leadership offered by your textbook, which part of that definition lessens the possibility that she will act unethically toward you and your co-workers?

Ans: Leadership includes attention to common goals. The focus on common means leaders and followers mutually decide on their purpose and goals. This mutuality helps ensure that leaders will work ethically with followers in ways that do not force or coerce.

3. Define leadership as it is presented in your textbook.

Ans: Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal.

2. Name and briefly describe the two types of personal power.

Ans: Personal power derives from being seen by others as likeable or knowledgeable. One form of personal power is referent power which is power based on identifying and liking the leader. Another form of personal power is expert power which is based on perceptions of the leader's competence.

4. Name and briefly describe one of the approaches to studying leadership that has emerged in the 21st Century?

Ans: Several approaches have emerged in 21st Century leadership research. [Students could answer one of the following:] Authentic leadership focuses on the authenticity of leaders and their leadership. Spiritual leadership focuses on leadership that utilizes values and a sense of calling and membership to motivate followers. Servant leadership sees the leader in the role of servant, putting followers first and using caring principles. Adaptive leadership is when leaders encourage followers to adapt by confronting challenges and change. Followership puts spotlight on followers and the role they play in the leadership process. Discursive leadership holds that leadership is created through communication practices negotiated between leader and follower.

True/False 10. The governor of your state possesses French and Raven's legitimate power.

Ans: T

True/False 2. More than 60 different leadership classification systems have been developed.

Ans: T

True/False 3. Leadership occurs in both large and small groups.

Ans: T

True/False 5. The earliest leadership theories in the 20th century emphasized control and centralization of power.

Ans: T

True/False 7. A boss, by definition, has position power over subordinates.

Ans: T

True/False 8. Leaders who use coercion are mostly interested in their own goals, rather than those of subordinates.

Ans: T