Management Final Exam
What are the 4 steps in the control process?
1. establish standards 2. measure performance 3. compare performance against standards 4. determine need for corrective action
What is Fixed-position layout?
A physical configuration of facilities arranged around a single work area; used for the manufacture of large and complex products such as airplanes
What is Product layout?
A physical configuration of facilities arranged around the product; used when large quantities of a single product are needed
What is Cellular layout?
A physical configuration of facilities used when families of products can follow similar flow paths
Which of the following is an example of upward communication in organizations?
A team member sends an e-mail to his team leader informing her about the problems faced by him on the current project.
What is LPC Theory?
A theory of leadership that suggests that the appropriate style of leadership varies with situational favorableness
What is role ambiguity?
Arises when the sent role is unclear and the individual does not know what is expected of him or her
What is charismatic leadership?
Assumes that charisma is an individual characteristic of the leader. These leaders are likely to have a lot of self-confidence, a firm conviction in their beliefs and ideals, and a strong need to influence people.
What are the two kinds of structural control?
Bureaucratic Control and Decentralized Control
Decentralized control is characterized by _____________
By informal and organic structural arrangements
Which of the following is a suggested way for managers to stimulate conflict?
Changing established procedures
What are the individual barrier to communication?
Conflicting or inconsistent signals, Credibility about the subject, Reluctance to communicate, Poor listening skills, and Predisposition about the subject.
What is Strategic control?
Focuses on how effectively the organization's strategies are succeeding in helping the organization meet its goals
A manager tells a subordinate that he will not recommend her for promotion unless she supports his proposal in an upcoming sales meeting. Which type of political behavior is reflected in the given scenario?
Inducement
In general, as teams become more cohesive, their members tend to_____________
Interact more frequently, conform more to norms, and become more satisfied with the team.
What is operations control?
Is concerned with the processes that the organization uses to transform resources into products or services.
Which of the following is an advantage that written communication has over oral communication?
It is often quite accurate and provides a permanent record of the exchange. The sender can take the time to collect and assimilate the information and can draft and revise it before it is transmitted.
Unlike verbal communication, nonverbal communication____
It tends to be perceived as more believable. It often relies on facial expressions, body movements, physical contact, and gestures.
What is transformational leadership?
Leadership that goes beyond ordinary expectations by transmitting a sense of mission, stimulating learning experiences, and inspiring new ways of thinking
What are the five kinds of power?
Legitimate: Granted through the organizational hierarchy Reward: Power to give or withhold rewards Coercive: Power to force compliance Referent: Personal power that accrues to someone based on identification, imitation, loyalty, or charisma Expert: Derived from information or expertise
The financial ratio that reflects the ability to meet long-term financial obligations is the _____ ratio.
Leverage
A chef has made arrangements with local farmers to provide him with fresh and good quality vegetables and fruits. In the context of total quality management, the chefs are focusing on _____.
Materials
What is Structural control?
Monitors how the building blocks of the organization's structure are holding up to their planned function.
What is Role overload?
Occurs when expectations for the role exceed the individual's capabilities to perform
What is role conflict?
Occurs when the messages and cues composing the sent role are clear but contradictory or mutually exclusive
Employees at an accounting agency are prohibited from using social networking websites while at work. Their personal e-mails are also closely monitored for reasons of confidentiality. The control system at this organization suffers from ___________
Over control
A professor polls his students to decide on a new examination format. He is using _____ to reduce resistance to change.
Participation
What is path-goal theory?
Primary functions of a leader are to make valued or desired rewards available in the workplace and to clarify for the subordinate the kinds of behavior that will lead to those rewards
What is the basic assumption of situational approaches to leadership?
Situational models assume that appropriate leader behavior varies from one situation to another.
A newcomer in an organization gradually begins to learn the company norms such as dress codes, working hours, and interpersonal relations. This process is known as _____.
Socialization
What are the major ingredients in total quality management?
Strategic Commitment, Employee Involvement, Technology, Materials, and Methods
What is the LMX approach
Stresses that leaders have different kinds of relationships with different subordinates
Daniel has been appointed leader of a project task force. He has legitimate power in this position. The task is unstructured. Also, Daniel has weak leader-member relations. According to Fiedler's LPC theory, what type of leadership style is appropriate in this situation?
Task Oriented
Which of the following techniques is most effective at resolving or significantly reducing conflict?
The confrontational approach
What is Financial control?
The control of financial resources as they flow into the organization (such as revenues and shareholder investments) are held by the organization (e.g., working capital and retained earnings), and flow out of the organization (like employee salaries and operating expenses)
What is the Sent role?
The messages and cues that team members use to communicate the expected role to the individual.
Which of the following is a nonmonetary budget?
Units of output, hours of direct labor, machine hours, or square-foot allocations.
What is Expected role?
What other members of the team expect the individual to do.
What is Perceived roll?
What the individual perceives the sent role to mean.
When is downward communication most likely to occur?
When information flows down the hierarchy from superiors to subordinates.
