Mastering Biology: A Tour of the Cell

A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually used to build a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the _____. mitochondrion nucleus smooth endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus

Golgi apparatus Vesicles carrying proteins from the ER fuse with the Golgi apparatus, where the proteins may be altered.

Which of these is TRUE with regard to this animation? animation of the sodium-potassium pump Potassium ions are transported down their concentration gradient. The cell is not expending energy. An electrochemical gradient forms across the plasma membrane. The cell does not expend ATP. Sodium ions are transported down their concentration gradient.

An electrochemical gradient forms across the plasma membrane. Three positively charged sodium ions are exchanged for two positively charged potassium ions. Thus, the cell experiences a net loss of positive ions.

One function of the central vacuole in plant cells is facilitating cell growth: the central vacuole absorbs water and increases in size, expanding the volume and size of the plant cell while doing so. Animal cells, however, do not grow by this method. What is an essential difference between animal and plant cells that could explain how a plant cell can withstand this expansion of the central vacuole? Plant cells cannot divide. Animal cells have a similar organelle that produces the same effect as the central vacuole. The plant cell wall provides a more rigid structure. Plant cells grow at a slower rate than animal cells.

The plant cell wall provides a more rigid structure. The plant cell can use the central vacuole for growth because the cell wall is rigid.

Which of the following is most likely to receive a fabricated organ made from his own cells? bladder cancer patient lung cancer patient thyroid cancer patient pancreatic cancer patient

bladder cancer patient

Where do scientists obtain adult stem cells? skin saliva bone marrow pancreas

bone marrow

Many researchers think that the first eukaryotic cells obtained energy for life-sustaining functions from organic compounds. Given this information, which of the following organelles most likely appeared last in eukaryotic cells? chloroplast plasma membrane nucleus ribosome

chloroplast If the earliest eukaryotic cells had contained chloroplasts, they would not have had to obtain organic compounds through food.

Ideally, the best scaffold for growing a replacement tissue or organ would be made of what? extracellular matrix cotton silicon plastic

extracellular matrix

The nucleolus __________. organizes the spindle fibers for cell division contains the hereditary blueprint of the cell is rich in ribosomal RNA modifies substances made on the endoplasmic reticulum

is rich in ribosomal RNA In the nucleolus, ribosomal RNA is synthesized. This RNA combines with special proteins and forms the ribosomes.

label a plant and animal cell

label a plant and animal cell

Digestive cells produce and secrete many enzymes that break down ingested food. These cells have a large number of ribosomes __________. on the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm on the Golgi apparatus on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

on the rough endoplasmic reticulum The rough endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for producing proteins that will be inserted into membranes, packaged in certain organelles, or exported from the cell.

You have identified a new organism. It has ribosomes, plasmodesmata, and cell walls made of cellulose. This new organism is most likely a(n) __________. bacterium prokaryote animal plant

plant Plant cells have cell walls that are made of cellulose and plasmodesmata, which are cytoplasmic channels that connect adjacent cells.

Which of the following structure(s) is/are found in prokaryotic cells? endoplasmic reticulum nucleus ribosomes mitochondria

ribosomes Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells do have ribosomes.

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _____. move actively perform photosynthesis make a lot of ATP secrete a lot of material

secrete a lot of material The Golgi apparatus intercepts ER vesicles, modifies the contents for export, and repackages the material in a Golgi vesicle that can fuse with the plasma membrane.

In order to best eliminate the chance for rejection, a tissue or organ should be made from cells obtained from which of the following? the patient a donor pig a cadaver a sibling

the patient

Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic? whether or not the cell contains DNA the presence or absence of a rigid cell wall whether or not the cell is partitioned into compartments by internal membranes the presence or absence of ribosomes

whether or not the cell is partitioned into compartments by internal membranes Prokaryotic cells lack any internal membranous compartmentalization whereas eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.

A certain cell has a dense nucleoid region, ribosomes, but no membrane-enclosed organelles. Based on this information, it could be __________. a grasshopper cell a yeast (fungus) cell an archaean a Paramecium

an archaean Archaea and other prokaryotes have no internal membrane-enclosed organelles. However, they do have both ribosomes and a region called the nucleoid region where their DNA can be found.

If a fabricated windpipe is not receiving proper oxygen and nutrients, which of the following failed to properly regenerate? mucus producing cells white blood cells keratin blood vessels

blood vessels

Where would ribosomes be located that are responsible for producing enzymes which play a role in sugar metabolism? cytosol smooth endoplasmic reticulum rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus

cytosol The first steps of sugar metabolism occur within the cytosol. Therefore, the ribosomes in the cytosol are responsible for making the necessary enzymes.