Mastering Biology Ch. 17

Which of the following nucleic acids make(s) up viral genomes? DNA only single-stranded RNA only DNA or RNA double-stranded RNA only

DNA or RNA

Why is combination drug therapy for HIV/AIDS less likely to lead to resistance than single drug therapy?

The likelihood of one virus spontaneously mutating to be resistant to several different drugs at the same time is extremely small.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the lysogenic cycle of lambda (λ) phage?

The phage genome replicates along with the host genome.

Which of the following characteristics determine a virus's host range? The proteins in the host's cytoplasm whether its nucleic acid is DNA or RNA The enzymes carried by the virus The proteins on its surface and that of the host

The proteins on its surface and that of the host

Which of the following statements correctly describes one characteristic of the lytic cycle of viral replication? Many bacterial cells containing viral DNA are produced. Viral DNA is incorporated into the host genome. The viral genome replicates without destroying the host. A large number of phages are released at a time.

A large number of phages are released at a time.

You are an epidemiologist working on a vaccine for COVID-19. Which of the following would be helpful to analyze, as it is also a coronavirus? SARS Both SARS and MERS MERS Neither SARS nor MERS

Both SARS and MERS

Which of the following diseases is most similar to COVID-19 in its origin and spread to humans?

Ebola, in which bats were the likely wild host, and now spreads from human to human.

What is the function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses?

It uses viral RNA as a template for DNA synthesis.

Per CDC recommendations, you wear a mask to reduce transmission of COVID-19. Which of the following is the best way to wear it?

Over your mouth and nose, as it is transmitted by coughing or sneezing.

Why do RNA viruses tend to have unusually high rates of mutation?

Replication of their genomes does not involve correcting errors in genome replication.

Which of the following responses correctly lists the order of events in a generalized viral replicative cycle?

The virus enters the cell, host enzymes replicate the viral genome, enzymes transcribe the viral genome into mRNA.

Which of the following statements about viruses is FALSE?

The widespread use of antibiotics has led to resistant strains of viruses.

Which of the following statements accurately describes plant virus infections?

They are spread via the plasmodesmata.

Which of the following statements correctly describes adenoviruses? They are a type of bacteriophage. They contain RNA surrounded by a capsid. They contain RNA surrounded by a membranous envelope. They contain DNA surrounded by a capsid.

They contain DNA surrounded by a capsid.

How do antiviral drugs help to treat viral infections?

They interfere with viral replication

Suppose you were in charge of sending an unmanned space probe to a new planet in search of life. The probe would be able to collect and test samples and make observations, but the planet is too far away for the probe to be able to bring samples back to Earth. The probe is small and would only be able to run a few tests, so you want to pick a test for evidence of life that is broad enough to incorporate all forms of life as we know it. Which one of the following tests would be the best to use in this situation?

a test for the presence of cells that contain DNA

Which of the following statements correctly describes the best predictor of how much damage a virus causes?

ability of the infected cell to undergo normal cell division

Homeostasis is a living organism's

ability to maintain constant internal conditions even when environmental conditions change.

Which of the three types of viruses shown in the figure above would you expect to include a capsid(s) as part of their overall structure?

all three

Which of the following can be found in bacteria, but not viruses? nucleic acids proteins genetic material cell membrane

cell membrane

You are a doctor treating patients with COVID-19. A patient is suffering a cytokine storm. Which of the following will you need to treat?

congestion and inflammation of the lungs

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living things?

creating energy

Which of the following processes can be effective in preventing the onset of viral infection in humans? getting vaccinated applying antiseptics taking antibiotics taking vitamins

getting vaccinated

An effective vaccine for COVID-19 is created by altering Ace-2 receptors. These are most important in which part of the body? salivary glands lining of the mouth larynx fingertips

larynx

viruses are

not alive because they are not made of cells and require a host cell for reproduction.

Which viruses have single-stranded RNA that acts as a template for DNA synthesis? proviruses viroids lytic phages retroviruses

retroviruses