Mbios301
What is a correct description of a nucleosome? A. It is found in the nucleus B. It wraps 147bp of negatively charged DNA around an octamer core C. It contains positively charged histone proteins D. A and B only E. A, B and C
A, B and C
Which of the following amino acids exhibits "degeneracy" in the genetic code that CANNOT be explained by the "Wobble Hypothesis" alone? Tryptophan (Trp) Arginine (Arg) Proline (Pro) Glutamine (Glu) Methionine (Met)
Arginine (Arg)
After receiving a sample of cells, you determine that the cells have the telomerase enzyme. What can you conclude about these cells? they are prokaryotes b, they might be cancer cells c. they might be stem cells they are gametes B and C are possible
B and C
Uracil is a ______ a. base b. deoxy/nucleoside c. nucleotide d. amino -acid e. none of the above
Base
If activators are bound to the regulatory sequences of promoters then: A.basal transcription is stopped B.transcription is slowed or stopped C.the rate of transcription is increased D.RNA pol is prevented from binding E.A and B
C.the rate of transcription is increased
The Rf value between A and B is 0.44, B and D is 0.34, D and A is 0.1, and D and C is 0.3. A possible sequence of the alleles/ genes is CADB CDAB ADBC ABDC none of the above
CADB
Which of the following could be the components of a single nucleotide found in DNA? Deoxyribose, adenine, and thymine Deoxyribose, phosphate, and thymine Ribose, phosphate, and cytosine Ribose, phosphate, and uracil
Deoxyribose, phosphate, and thymine
An example of a nucleoside is uridylic acid True or False
False
Based on the principles of Griffith's experiments, mixing heat killed S with heat killed R cells would result in infected mice dying. True False
False
DNA pol II removes the primer in prokaryotes. True False
False
Enhancer sequences usually bind activators and they serve to decrease the rate of transcription. True False
False
In eukaryotes, somatic cell phenotypes are due to having different DNA sequences. True False
False
In general, DNA replicates semi-conservatively and unidirectionally. True False
False
In prokaryotes, there are many origins of replication. True or false
False
In the diagram the circle is closer to the 3' end of the molecule? False or true
False
Mendel may not have detected gene linkage in his crosses, because he worked with traits/genes that were too close on the same chromosome. True or False
False
RNA pol I transcribes mRNA while RNA pol III transcribes rRNA True or false
False
RNA pol III binds to the Pribnow box. True or false
False
Telomerase functions by extending the 5' end of DNA. True or false
False
The E. coli genome codes for more genes than the human genome True False
False
Transcription termination in eukaryotes sometimes requires the rho protein True False
False
snRNA only is translated into proteins True False
False
tRNA is translated into proteins True False
False
tRNA only is translated into proteins True False
False
The length of 1 turn of DNA is 10 base pairs and 20nm. True False
False 3.4 nm
Considering the structure of double-stranded DNA, which kind(s) of bonds hold one complementary strand to the other? ionic covalent van der Waals hydrogen hydrophobic and hydrophilic
Hydrogen
According to Chargaff's rule, if a strand of RNA contains 25% adenine, what percent of guanine will it contain? a.) 20% b.) 30 % c.) 25% d.) 75% Impossible to tell
Impossible DNA only
In eukaryotes the rRNA genes are found in the a.) in the cytoplasm b.) in the nucleolus c.) in the nucleoid d.) in the golgi e.) throughout the cell
In the nucelolus
Introns are known to contain stop codons, yet these codons do not interrupt the coding of a particular protein. Why? UAA, UGA, and UAG are initiator codons, not termination codons. Exons are spliced out of mRNA before translation. These triplets cause mutations, but not termination. More than one termination codon is needed to stop translation. Introns are removed from mRNA before translation.
Introns are removed from mRNA before translation.
How could you provide evidence of RNA splicing ? a.) By doing the Meselson Stahl experiment. b.) By doing the Griffith experiment c.) By doing Avery MacLeod and McCarty experiment d.) By conducting a monohybrid cross e.) none of the above
None
The TATA box is to ______ as the Pribnow box is to _____. a. transcription/ translation b. replication/chromatin remodeling c. -50 to -100bp/ +50 to +100bp d. prokaryotes/ bacteria e. none of the above
None
There is/are ----- RNA polymerase/s in prokaryotes and -----RNA polymerase/s in eukaryotes 3/1 4/2 2/1 none of the above
None
What is the structure of B DNA? Single- stranded DNA Left-handed double helix Right-handed alpha helix Right-handed, 11bp per turn helix none of the above
None of the above
Which of the following is true ? The anticodon of the tRNA and amino acid have no relationship. Any tRNA can be charged with any amino acid tRNA binds to the codon in DNA The anticodon must first get activated before charging of the tRNA None of these are true.
None of these are true.
What enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of the primer in prokaryotes? DNA ligase Primase telomeres DNA polymerase I none of the answers are correct
Primase
When considering transcription, one often finds consensus sequences located in the region of the DNA where RNA polymerases bind. Which of the following is a a. common consensus sequence? b. TATA box c. telomeric repeats d. modified DNA sequences c. any three nucleotides e. histone sequences
TATA box
In 5 ' capping of mRNA, the following are steps in the process a.) a phosphate group is removed from the 5' end of the mRNA b.) a phosphate group is removed from the 3' end of the mRNA c.) GMP is used d.) GMP is methylated e.) three of the answers are correct
THree
Which of the following is false ? a. The anticodon of the tRNA and amino acid have no relationship. b. a specific tRNA is charged with a specific amino acid tRNA binds to the codon in RNA c. The aminio acid must first get activated before being transferred to the tRNA d. None of these are true.
The anticodon of the tRNA and amino acid have no relationship.
After DNA replication in some cells, there are 3' ss (single strand) overhangs because: a.) These cells are mutant b.) The complementary RNA primer has been removed c.) DNA pol can only synthesize in the 3' to 5' direction d.) The cells do not have ligase e.) The cells are prokaryotic cells
The complementary RNA primer has been removed
The mode of action of some antibiotics is: a. The formation of chromatin b. The formation of plasma membranes c. The inhibition of replication d. the inhibition of nucleosome formation
The inhibition of replication
The base content of a sample of DNA is as follows: A = 31%, G = 31%, T = 19%, C = 19%. What conclusion can be drawn from this information? The sample of DNA could be single-stranded The sample of DNA is double-stranded It is RNA and not DNA None of the answers are correct
The sample of DNA could be single-stranded
What is the purpose of post-transcriptional modifications? a.) They are important in replication b.) They are important in providing stability to RNAs c.) They inhibit eukaryotic translation d.) They protect proteins e.) they kill bacteria
They are important in providing stability to RNAs
The following are similarities between DNA and RNA a. XTP is the precursor for both b. both have phosphodiester bonds c. both have 5' and 3' ends d. both are polynucleotides c. three of the above
Three
Which of the following is/are true about ribozymes? They are found in the nucleus They are proteins They are RNA molecules Some intronic RNAs are ribozymes three of the above
Three
The following are important components in transcription a.) core promoter sequences b.) DNA polymerase enzymes c.) sigma factor d.) rho and rut e.) three of the above
Three of the above
Avery, Macleod and McCarty used proteases in their experiments. True or false
True
If the worked out Rf value between two genes is 0.5 then they could be on different chromosomes: True False
True
In eukaryotes, there are many origins of replication. True False
True
Telomerase has reverse transcriptase activity. True False
True
The genetic code is said to be 'almost universal' True False
True
The origin of replication in bacteria is called ...... and one would expect to find ... a. Pribnow box/ A and T bases b. oriC / DnaA, DnaB and DnaC c. Shine-Dalgarno/ start codon d. ARS/ histones e. none of the above
b. oriC / DnaA, DnaB and DnaC
If the coding strand of a gene is 5' ACGTTAAT 3', what is the transcript? a.) 3' ACGUUAAU 5' b.) 5' ACGUUAAU 3' c.) 3' TGGAATTC 5' d.) 5' ACGTTAAT 3' e.) none of the above
b.) 5' ACGUUAAU 3' Just change to U
Correct units of measuring DNA are _____ and _____ while units for RNA are _____. bp, nm,/ bases turns, nm/ bp S values, bases/daltons A and B A and B and C
bp, nm,/ bases
Helicase --- while DNA gyrase ----- breaks phosphodiester bonds / breaks hydrogen bonds breaks hydrogen bonds / breaks phosphodiester bonds breaks peptide bonds / breaks phosphodiester bonds breaks ionic bonds / breaks phosphodiester bonds none of the above
breaks hydrogen bonds / breaks phosphodiester bonds
The template for transcription is ____________ and the product of transcription is _____________. a. DNA; protein b. RNA; protein c. DNA; RNA d. RNA; DNA
c. DNA; RNA
The first generation of replication in the Meselson and Stahl experiment disproved whichtheory of replication? semiconservative conservative dispersive None—it took more than one generation to disprove any theory.
conservative
Thymidine is a ______ base deoxynucleoside deoxy/nucleotide amino-acid ribozyme
deoxynucleoside
The best description of isoaccepting tRNA molecules is a. different anticodons but same amino acid b. different codons but same amino acids c. different anticodons and different amino acids d. different codons and different amino acids e. all of the above
different anticodons but same amino acid
The second generation of replication in the Meselson and Stahl experiment disproved which theory of replication? a. semiconservative b. conservative c. dispersive d. None—it took more than two generations to disprove any theory.
dispersive
What experiment did Griffith do? a. he showed that DNA replication is semi-conservative b. he showed that DNA replication is semi-discontinuous c. he showed that R bacteria can be transformed into S bacteria d. none of the above
he showed that R bacteria can be transformed into S bacteria
RNA pol II transcribes: a. mRNA genes b. tRNA genes c. Poly A tails d. sigma factors e. none of the answers are correct
mRNA genes
Which of the following are RNAs that you find in a prokaryotic cell A.mRNAs B.snRNAs C.telomeric RNAs D.two of the above E.all of the above
mRNAs PROKARYOTICS
Which of the following represents DNA synthesis? n( AA) ---> (AA)n n(dXTP) ---> (dXMP)n + nPiP n(XTP) ---> (XMP)n + nPiP n(dXMP) ---> (dXMP)n + nPiP n(XMP) ---> (XTP)n + nPiP
n(dXTP) ---> (dXMP)n + nPiP
DNA is antiparallel. What does this mean? There are two different grooves in 1 turn of DNA. One strand runs 5' to 3' and the other strand runs 3' to 5' The strands are complementary DNA has a major groove DNA is double stranded
ne strand runs 5' to 3' and the other strand runs 3' to 5'
Adenosine diphosphate is a ______ base deoxy/nucleoside nucleotide amino -acid none of the above
nucleotide
Adenylic acid is a ______ base deoxy/nucleoside nucleotide amino -acid none of the above
nucleotide
What is the best description of the major and minor grooves: 20 angstroms long 3.4 nm wide 1base they make up one turn all of the above
one turn
AS DNA replication is bidirectional, the following is/are true. a.) all complementary/new strands are synthesized as leading strands b.)all complementary/new strands are synthesized as lagging strands c.) parts of complementary/new strands are synthesized as leading and parts as lagging strands d.) parts of the complementary/new strands are not synthesized e.) A DNA primer is part of all newly synthesized strands
parts of complementary/new strands are synthesized as leading and parts as lagging strands
This is a post-transcriptional mechanism in eukaryotes a. poly A tailing b. peptidyl transferase activity c. removal of fmet 5'' capping or DNA d. none of the answers are correct
poly A tailing
Which of the following statements is true about DNA replication in prokaryotes? a. both leading and lagging strands are synthesized in a 3'to 5 'direction b. the leading strand is synthesized in a 5'to 3'direction the lagging strand in a 3' to 5' c. after removal of the primer there are 3' single strands/overhangs d. DNA polymerase I is responsible for the majority of nucleotide polymerization e. replication ends at the ter sequence
replication ends at the ter sequence
Uridine is a acid base ribonuceloside nucleotide ribonucleotide
ribonuceloside
Which of the following could be the components of a nucleotide found in RNA? Deoxyribose, adenine, and thymine Ribose, phosphate, and thymine ribose, phosphate, and cytosine ribose, phosphate, and cytidine None of the above
ribose, phosphate, and cytosine
RNA pol III transcribes: a. mRNA genes b. tRNA genes c. Poly A tails d. sigma factors e. none of the answers are correct
tRNA
Which of the following play a role in DNA replication termination in eukaryotes? a. rho and rut b. ter and tus c. telomeres d. DNA polymerase I e. none of the answers are correct
telomeres
Which of the following stops the replication of DNA in prokaryotes? a. DNA ligase b. ter and tus c. telomeres d. DNA polymerase I e. none of the answers are correct
ter and tus
In the Hershey and Chase experiment a.) the 32P was in the cell and the 35S was outside the cell. b.) the 35S was in cell and most of the 32P was outside the cell c.) equal amounts of 32P and 35S were in the cell d.) equal amounts of 32P and 35S were outside the cell.
the 32P was in the cell and the 35S was outside the cell
In the hybridization experiment that provided evidence for splicing: a.) the template DNA strand was hybridized to the mature mRNA b.) the coding DNA strand was hybridized to the mature mRNA c.) the precursor mRNA was hybridized to the mature mRNA d.) the precursor mRNA was hybridized to the template DNA e.) the R loops were strands of RNA
the template DNA strand was hybridized to the mature mRNA
After receiving a sample of cells, you determine that the cells contain tus. What can you conclude about these cells? they are prokaryotes they might be cancer cells they might be stem cells they are gametes B and C are possible
they are prokaryotes
Which of the following are true about specific transcription factors? they bind to the core promoter they orient the RNA polymerase to termination sequence they can change the rate of transcription they bind to RNA all of the above
they can change the rate of transcription
What experiment did Avery, Macleod and McCarty do? a. they showed that DNA replication is bi-directional b. they showed that DNA replication is semi-discontinuous c. they provided evidence on the nature of the transforming substance d. all none of the above
they provided evidence on the nature of the transforming substance
What are the functions of aminoacyl- tRNA synthetases. A. to activate tRNAs B. to transfer activated amino- acids to proteins C. to charge tRNAs D. to start translation
to charge tRNAs
An organism that has a mutation in rut will most likely have a problem with what process; a.) translation b.) transcription c.) Conservative replication d.) 3' capping f.) post-transcriptional modifications
transcription
In transcription termination in prokaryotes e.) the end of the RNA folds and causes the RNA pol to pause a.) rho and rut might be used in transcription termination b.) ter and tus might be used in transcription termination c.) two of the above d.)all of the above
two
RNA pol transcribes the following genes a.) mRNA b.) 16S rRNA c.) 18S rRNA d.) 28S rRNA e.) two of the above
two
The 5'UTR region of a mRNA a.) is not translated b.) is translated c.) is upstream from the start codon d.) is part of the promoter e.) two of the answers are correct
two
The cross GgEe X gege produces the following progeny: GgEe 404, ggee 396, ggEe 97, Ggee 103. From these data, one can conclude that: a. the G and E loci assort independently b. the G and E loci are linked c. The genes are in coupling d. the distance between G and E is 40 mU e. two of the above
two
The differences in transcription between prokaryotes and eukaryotes are: a. one uses DNA pol and other uses DNA pol I,II and III b. one uses sigma factors and the other does not. c. one uses ter and tus and the other does not d. one uses rho and rut and the other does not e. two of the above
two
Which of the following are examples of post-transcriptional modifications? 5' poly A tailing 3' mGMP capping splicing using ribozymes editing some bases two of the answers are correct
two
What is this structure most likely to be two nucleotides RNA Dipeptide an amino -acid tRNA
two nucelotides
Human skin cells differ from human liver cells because a.) they have different DNA b.) they have different chromosomes c.) they have different mRNAs d.) different genes are transcribed e.) two of the above
two of above
What enzyme/s has /have 3' to 5' exonuclease activity? DNA ligase DNA pol I Primase DNA pol III two of the answers are correct
two of above
Based on Griffith's experiment, the following would kill the mouse. heat killed IIIS bacteria and live IIR heat killed IIR heat killed IIR and live IIIS two of the above all of the answers are correct
two of the above
DNA pol III has the following functions: has 3' to 5' exonuclease activity synthesizes the primer splicing synthesizes DNA in 5' to 3' direction two of the answers are correct
two of the answers are correct
How many codons code for aminoacids? 64 61 60 58 20
61
What is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring when a triple heterozygote is testcrossed, assuming the genes are linked and no crossing over occurs. A. 1:1 B. 1:1 :1:1 C. 1:1 :1:1 :1:1:1:1 D. 3:1 E. Impossible to tell
1:1
What is the diameter of the double helix: 20 angstroms 3.4 nm 1base one turn all of the above
20 angstroms
According to Chargaff's rule, if the DNA of a species contains 25% adenine, what percent of guanine will it contain? a.) 20% b.) 30 % c.) 25% d.) 75% Impossible to tell
25%
A section of double stranded DNA contains 22% Guanine. What is the percentage of Thymine in the section? a.) 22% b.) 44% c.) 56% d.) 66% e.) 28%
28%
Amino acids are added to the: 5' end of tRNA 3' tRNA 5' mRNA 5' rRNA 3' rRNA
3' tRNA
The ribosomes in prokaryotes are composed of the ___subunits. 20S + 50S 30S + 40S 30S + 50S 30S + 60S 10S + 60S
30S + 50S
Gene A is 30 mU from Gene B on chromosome 2, and the alleles are in coupling. An individual with the genotype AaBb is testcrossed. What fraction of the offspring would be expected to have genotype aabb A. 20% B.25% C.30% D.35%
35%
The nucleotide sequence listed below represents the template strand of a gene. 3'TACAGAAGTTGATGCATC 5' Which of the following is the complementary DNA strand? a. 5' CTACGTAGTTGAAGACAT 3' b. 3' CTACGTAGTTGAAGACAT 5' c. 5' AUGUCUUCAACUACGUAG 3' d. 3' ATGTCTTCAACTACGTAG 5' e. 5' ATGTCTTCAACTACGTAG 3'
5' ATGTCTTCAACTACGTAG 3' Just the same different ends
The nucleotide sequence listed below represents the template strand of a gene. 3'TACAGAAGTTGATGCATC 5' Which of the following is the mRNA transcribed . 3' AUGUCUUCAACUACGUAG 5' 5' AUGUCUUCAACUACGUAG 3' 3' UACAGAAGUUGAUGCAUC 5' 5' UACAGAAGUUGAUGCAUC 3' 5' GAUUCUACUUCAGACGAU 3'
5' AUGUCUUCAACUACGUAG 3' Literally change them and include Us
According to Chargaff's rules if a DNA molecule contains 22% A, then which of the following is true? a.) Total pyrimidines is 50% b.) 22% are Cytosine c.) the four bases are present at 22% d.) the total purines is 44% e.) none of the answers are correct
50%
Which of the following statements is true about DNA replication in eukaryotes? a. both leading and lagging strands are synthesized in a 3'to 5'direction b. the leading strand is synthesized in a 5'to 3'direction the lagging strand in a 3' to 5' c. after removal of the primer there are 3' single strands/overhangs d. RNA polymerase II is responsible for the bulk of the nucleotide polymerization e. replication ends at the rut sequence
after removal of the primer there are 3' single strands/overhangs
If a single crossover occurs between two genes A and B in a double heterozygote that shows repulsion, then the genotype of some of the gametes could be: ab AB Ab aB all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following are true about general transcription factors? they bind to the core promoter they orient the RNA polymerase to the promoter they assist with basal/ low level transcription they bind to DNA all of the above
all the above
The origins of replication in animal cells are called ...... and one would expect to find ... a. Pribnow boxes/ A and T bases b. oriC / DnaA, DnaB and DnaC c. Shine-Dalgarno/ start codon d. ARS/ histones e. none of the above
ARS/ histones
Which of the following codon groups are most likely to code for the same amino acid and can be explained by the wobble hypothesis ? CUC/CAC UUG/GUG AUA/AUU AUU/ACU CAG/GGC
AUA/AUU
What is the initiator triplet/codon in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Which amino acid does this triplet recruit? UAA; no amino acid called in UAA or UGA; arginine AUG; arginine AUG; methionine or formyl methionine UAA; methionine
AUG; methionine or formyl methionine
RNA pol transcribes: all the genes tRNA genes only rRNA genes only mRNA genes only none of the answers are correct
All
In an organism, a cross was made between a triple heterozygote +a+b+c and a triple homozygote recessive expressing three recessive traits: (a) green eyes, (b) blue body, and (c) long hair (aabbcc). The following 1000 offspring were counted and typed with the following results: aabbcc 300 +a+b+c 294 +abbcc 142 aa+b+c 164 aa+bcc 40 +abb+c 36 aabb+c 13 +a+bcc 11 What is the map distance between all of these genes? Between a and c is 33mU and b and c is 10mU B. Between a and b is 30mU and b and c is 20mU C. Between a and c is 10mU and b and c is 30mU D. Between a and b 50mU and b and c is 2mU
Between a and c is 33mU and b and c is 10mU
What enzyme attaches adjacent Okazaki fragments, forming a continuous DNA strand ? DNA ligase RNA polymerase telomeres DNA polymerase III none of the answers are correct
DNA ligase
What enzyme is responsible for the removal of the primer in prokaryotes? DNA ligase Primase telomeres DNA polymerase I none of the answers are correct
DNA polymerase I
Differences between replication and transcription include. a. Both DNA strands are replicated but only one strand is transcribed b. Both DNA strands are transcribed but only one is replicated c. Some bases used in transcription are different than those used in replication d. two of the above e. none of the above
Two
What binds to the core promoter of prokaryotic genes? a. RNA pol I b. RNA pol c. sigma factor d. RNA pol III e. two of the above
Two
The Chromatin remodeling complex a.) is used in prokaryotic transcription b.) is used in eukaryotic transcription c.) changes the nucleosome structure/ unwraps the DNA d.) is used in translation e.) two of the above
Two Unwinds Eukartokic
