Medical Sociology Exam 1
by 2030 it is projected that ______ of all Americans will be 65 or older
20%
in 2010, ______ percentage of Americans under 65 had private health insurance.
61.7%
in 2010 the average infant in the US could expect to live for ______ years
78.7 years
The world health organization defines health as __________
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
The germ theory of disease is a perspective which asserts ______
Diseases are caused by a biological agent.
The primary focus of the epidemiologist is on what?
Health problems of social aggregates
One of the earliest attempts in the western world to formulate principles of health care is found in the work of Greek physician ________
Hippocrates
Whose investigations in the cholera outbreak established the foundation of modern epidemiology?
John Snow
As a nation shifts from primarily rural agricultural to urban industrial what changes are seen in the health profile of the nation?
Leading causes of death change from mostly infectious diseases to chronic diseases.
what is defined by Turner as "the social investments of individuals in society in terms of their membership in formal/ informal groups, networks and institutions."
Social capital
stress can be defined as ________
a heightened mind-body reaction to stimuli including fear and anxiety
health lifestyles are related to which class?
all classes
the _____ system controls heart rate, blood pressure, and GI's processes that are not under control of the central nervous system
autonomic nervous
What caused the prevalence of STDS to soar around the globe?
birth control, sexual liberation, spread from urban to rural, availability of multiple sex partners
what is likely the most powerful influence on lifestyle forms?
class circumstances
what is an example of a stressful situation?
death, divorce, marriage
Which component of social class is consistently the strongest single predictor of good health?
education
visits to physicians are higher among who?
females
medical sociologists divide health orientated behavior into two general categories. _____ behavior and ______ behavior.
health and illness
what is defined as an activity undertaken by an individual for the purpose of maintaining or enhancing their health, achieving positive body image?
health behavior
what are collective patterns of health behavior based on choices of options available to people according to their life chances?
health lifestyles
_____ is the leading cause of death for women after age 66
heart disease
which group has the highest percentage of persons without health insurance?
hispanic
Researcher is interested in reporting how many people in a community were diagnosed with HIV in the past month. This researcher would measure what?
incidence
which of the following trends is most likely to strain health care delivery systems and the social security system in future years?
increasing proportion of elderly in population
____ has special significance for a society because it is traditionally used as an approximate indicator of a societies standard of living and quality of health care delivery.
infant mortality rate
Unlike infectious diseases, chronic diseases are mostly _____ & ______
long-term & incurable
_______ babies die more often than _____ babies
males, females
for all causes of death ______ has the highest death rates
non-Hispanic blacks
Several studies in Britain with universal health care has shown that the equalization of health care alone has ____ the disparity in health between social classes
not reduced
_____ neighborhoods are clean and safe. Houses and buildings are well maintained. Resident are respectful of each others property
orderly
health lifestyle activities typically take place _____ the health care delivery system
outside
what is homeostasis?
physiological adaption
a major factor causing a infant mortality difference between blacks and whites is ___
poverty
what refers to routine physical examinations, good health minimizes the effect of illness if it occurs?
preventative care
The medicine of social spaces is concerned with what?
preventing disease
__________ appears to be a major channel for AIDS transmission in India.
prostitution
A social class is a category or group of people who?
share similar levels of wealth and power
several studies find the strongest and most consistent predictor of a person's health and life expectancy is what?
social class
which refers to the social relationships a person has during day to day interaction which serves to suggest, advise, influence an individual into taking/ not taking a course of action?
social network
the process by which a family provides a child with a specific social identity is.
socialization
which is a component of self-care?
taking preventative measures, self-treatment of symptoms, managing chronic conditions, consolation with health care providers
morbidity is _____
the amount of sickness
the current public policy approach to dealing with AIDS is what?
through safe-sex education
_____ of preventive care among the poor is common.
underutilization
