Medical Sociology Exam 1

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by 2030 it is projected that ______ of all Americans will be 65 or older

20%

in 2010, ______ percentage of Americans under 65 had private health insurance.

61.7%

in 2010 the average infant in the US could expect to live for ______ years

78.7 years

The world health organization defines health as __________

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being

The germ theory of disease is a perspective which asserts ______

Diseases are caused by a biological agent.

The primary focus of the epidemiologist is on what?

Health problems of social aggregates

One of the earliest attempts in the western world to formulate principles of health care is found in the work of Greek physician ________

Hippocrates

Whose investigations in the cholera outbreak established the foundation of modern epidemiology?

John Snow

As a nation shifts from primarily rural agricultural to urban industrial what changes are seen in the health profile of the nation?

Leading causes of death change from mostly infectious diseases to chronic diseases.

what is defined by Turner as "the social investments of individuals in society in terms of their membership in formal/ informal groups, networks and institutions."

Social capital

stress can be defined as ________

a heightened mind-body reaction to stimuli including fear and anxiety

health lifestyles are related to which class?

all classes

the _____ system controls heart rate, blood pressure, and GI's processes that are not under control of the central nervous system

autonomic nervous

What caused the prevalence of STDS to soar around the globe?

birth control, sexual liberation, spread from urban to rural, availability of multiple sex partners

what is likely the most powerful influence on lifestyle forms?

class circumstances

what is an example of a stressful situation?

death, divorce, marriage

Which component of social class is consistently the strongest single predictor of good health?

education

visits to physicians are higher among who?

females

medical sociologists divide health orientated behavior into two general categories. _____ behavior and ______ behavior.

health and illness

what is defined as an activity undertaken by an individual for the purpose of maintaining or enhancing their health, achieving positive body image?

health behavior

what are collective patterns of health behavior based on choices of options available to people according to their life chances?

health lifestyles

_____ is the leading cause of death for women after age 66

heart disease

which group has the highest percentage of persons without health insurance?

hispanic

Researcher is interested in reporting how many people in a community were diagnosed with HIV in the past month. This researcher would measure what?

incidence

which of the following trends is most likely to strain health care delivery systems and the social security system in future years?

increasing proportion of elderly in population

____ has special significance for a society because it is traditionally used as an approximate indicator of a societies standard of living and quality of health care delivery.

infant mortality rate

Unlike infectious diseases, chronic diseases are mostly _____ & ______

long-term & incurable

_______ babies die more often than _____ babies

males, females

for all causes of death ______ has the highest death rates

non-Hispanic blacks

Several studies in Britain with universal health care has shown that the equalization of health care alone has ____ the disparity in health between social classes

not reduced

_____ neighborhoods are clean and safe. Houses and buildings are well maintained. Resident are respectful of each others property

orderly

health lifestyle activities typically take place _____ the health care delivery system

outside

what is homeostasis?

physiological adaption

a major factor causing a infant mortality difference between blacks and whites is ___

poverty

what refers to routine physical examinations, good health minimizes the effect of illness if it occurs?

preventative care

The medicine of social spaces is concerned with what?

preventing disease

__________ appears to be a major channel for AIDS transmission in India.

prostitution

A social class is a category or group of people who?

share similar levels of wealth and power

several studies find the strongest and most consistent predictor of a person's health and life expectancy is what?

social class

which refers to the social relationships a person has during day to day interaction which serves to suggest, advise, influence an individual into taking/ not taking a course of action?

social network

the process by which a family provides a child with a specific social identity is.

socialization

which is a component of self-care?

taking preventative measures, self-treatment of symptoms, managing chronic conditions, consolation with health care providers

morbidity is _____

the amount of sickness

the current public policy approach to dealing with AIDS is what?

through safe-sex education

_____ of preventive care among the poor is common.

underutilization


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