Medical Sociology Module 4 Exam

According to Baer (2001) how do its users typically view folk healing?

A resource grown from the historical experiences of their family and ethnic group

Physician assistant and nurse practitioners in the United States:

Are both increasing both in use and numbers

Which statement is true of the Chiropractic approach to healing?

Chiropractors face opposition from medicine

Public dissatisfaction with the medical profession in the United States is generally viewed as having ______________ and ________________ origins.

Economic; social

The first university-based nursing school was formed at the University of Michigan in 1909.

False

The lack of scientific evidence has lead CAM techniques to be a profitless venture in the United States

False

The Nurse-Doctor relationship has typically been a _________ matched occupationally with a _________

Female nurse, male physician

Once a professional group becomes established, Goode indicates that it begins to further consolidate its power by:

Formalizing social relationships.

Who defined the guidelines for analyzing the development of the medical profession in American society?

Goode

What best describes the average complimentary and alternative medicine (CAM) user based off research?

Middle age and younger middle class/working class adults

In the developing American West, anyone who had ___________ could obtain a medical degree and practice medicine.

Money

What are the differences between natural and unnatural illnesses in African American folk medicine?

Natural illnesses are treated by physicians, unnatural illnesses by folk medicine

Regarding faith healing among parents and their children, the current trend in court decisions is:

Parents may not refuse treatment for their children in life threatening cases

What is medicalization?

Process of turning commonly regarded normal human conditions into medical ailments.

Which is a sociologically relevant characteristic noted by Goode in explaining professionalism?

Prolonged training in a body of specialized knowledge.

What major world event influenced the way nursing became a formal occupation?

The Rise of Christianity

The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act allows food products to be sold as cures for disease so long as:

The health claims are not on the label

Florence Nightengale's nursing students:

Were taught the best qualities of mothers and housekeepers

The decline in the status of physicians is largely due to greater:

all answers are correct Corporations in the health care market Government regulation Changes in the physician-patient relationship

Most American medical practitioners in the period before the American Revolution were:

all answers are correct apothecaries trained in Europe clergy ship's surgeons

The "golden age" of doctoring was marked by:

all of the answers are correct Escalating prices and overcharging to a degree previously unknown. A proliferation of unnecessary tests, hospitalizations, prescriptions, and surgical operations. Provider-structured insurance that paid for almost any mistakes.

Which of the following are reasons why the doctor-nurse game is changing:

all of the answers are correct increased numbers of male nurses greater assertiveness by nurses the growing numbers of female doctors

Which is a feature of a free-standing emergency center?

all of the answers are features attend to their patients with a minimum of waiting time sometimes are located in shopping centers or other convenient places open around 18-24 hours a day, 7 days a week treat cuts, broken bones, bruises and minor ailments

A major defect in the professional autonomy argument arises from the fact that the autonomy granted to the medical profession is granted _____________, on the assumption that it will resolve significant issues in favor of the public interest.

conditionally

According to Davis (1972) what was the deciding factor in whether or not an individual would make a career out of nursing?

marriage

AMA local societies have the power to enforce conformity at their level because they determine:

membership qualifications

What led to an increase in the status and salary of nurses in the late 1980s?

nursing shortage

Which of the following is NOT a type of complementary and alternative medicine?

pharmacy

What restricted the evaluation of work and discouraged the expression of criticism within physician circles?

rules of etiquette

The principle figure in a Navajo rituals is the:

singer

Physicians from a lower-class social origin were more likely than upper-class doctors to emphasize success values as reasons for going into medicine. Those physicians who were initially success-oriented became less so after commencing their practices, while the reverse occurred with those who were less success-oriented. This change occurs through:

socialization

Millman contended that ________________ errors could be forgiven and often had the result of motivating the offending physician to work harder, spend more time with patients, double-check procedures, and learn from the mistake.

technical

Recognition on the part of clients, outside agencies, and the wider society of the profession's claim to _____________________ is necessary if professional decisions are not to be reviewed by outside authorities.

Competence

Which of the following is NOT true of nurse practitioners?

The role of the nurse practitioner is decreasing

Which is true of pharmacists?

They supplement rather than challenge the patient care tasks of providers

Which group exercises influence over medical work through its research productivity rather than focusing on individual diagnosis and treatment?

knowledge elite

With the founding of the American Medical Association (AMA) in Philadelphia, _____________ could mark the beginning of a new era in medicine

physicians

_____________ are forced to spend time as "patient advocates," convincing various bureaucrats that more specialized and expensive care is warranted.

primary care physicians

Which is NOT true of curanderos?

Classify illnesses based on the symptoms

Mistakes and errors in medical practice, through neglect or ignorance, can sometimes be defended as:

a difference of opinion