Medical Terminology Chapter 5

Select the correct statements regarding skeletal muscle origins and insertions.

A skeletal muscle can have more than one insertion. A skeletal muscle can have more than one origin. The insertion of a muscle is the bone that moves during muscle contraction.

What is the difference between a muscle strain and a muscle sprain?

A sprain is a stretch or tear of a ligament; a strain is a stretch in the muscle or tendon.

Select the correct statements about the abduct and adduct.

Adductor muscles are found on the inner surface of the thigh. Adductors move a body part toward midline. Abductors move limbs away from the midline of the body. The prefixes ab- and ad- have opposite meanings.

Which anterior arm muscle flexes the forearm at the elbow?

Biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis all flex the forearm

Identify the muscles that flex the forearm at the elbow joint.

Brachialis Brachioradialis Biceps brachii

Which of the following techniques involve drawing a sample of blood for laboratory analysis?

Creatine kinase levels ESR Genetic testing MSA

Identify all the activities that are IADLs (instrumental activities of daily living), which are not the same as ADLs (activities of daily living).

Driving Using a telephone Shopping for groceries Cooking

ganglion cysts

Fluid-filled cysts on the dorsum of the wrist

Tenosynovitis differs from tendinitis in what way?

In tenosynovitis, the tendon and its synovial sheath are inflamed.

carpal tunnel syndrome

Inflammation of flexor tendons in the carpal tunnel due to overuse; causes loss of thumb strength

Identify all the members of the PM&R team.

Occupational therapist Physiatrist Social worker Physical therapist

stenosing tenosynovitis

Painful inflammation of the tendon sheaths on the back of the wrist

Which of the following statements is correct regarding disorders of the shoulder girdle?

Rotator cuff tears can be partial or complete. Small rotator cuff tears can heal without surgery. Complete (full thickness) tears require surgical repair. Rotator cuff tendinitis can involve the biceps tendon. Shoulder tendinitis, bursitis, and even rotator cuff tears can be caused by overuse.

Identify the hamstring muscles.

Semitendinosus Biceps femoris Semimembranosus

Which of the following are rotator cuff muscles?

Supraspinatus Subscapularis Teres minor

Select the correct statements regarding the deltoid, pectoralis major, and latissimus dorsi.

The deltoid muscle mass is what we refer to as the shoulder muscle. All three muscles insert on and move the humerus.

Select the correct statements regarding the structures of the leg, ankle, and foot.

The muscles in the front of the leg extend the toes and bend the foot up (dorsiflex it) at the ankle. The Achilles tendon attaches the gastrocnemius to the calcaneus. The posterior leg muscles plantarflex the foot and flex the toes.

True or false: The biceps brachii and triceps brachii perform opposite movements at the elbow joint.

True

Which statements are true regarding anabolic steroids?

Use can negatively impact fertility in males. They cause muscle hypertrophy and increased strength. They can cause masculinization of women's bodies.

Which of the movements are performed by the muscles of your forearm?

Wrist extension Wrist flexion Medial and lateral hand movement Forearm supination

The goal of physiatry is to develop

a treatment plan that addresses a patient's medical, social, emotional, and vocational needs. a comprehensive treatment plan. a multidisciplinary approach to get patients back to their premorbid functional level.

Movement of a body part toward midline is called

adduction

Surgical procedures performed in an outpatient facility where an overnight stay is not required are called __ procedures.

ambulatory or outpatient

The compounds known as ___ are altered forms of the male hormone testosterone. They are often used illegally by athletes who want a competitive advantage in their chosen sport.

anabolic steroid

An agent that replaces or inhibits a specific part of a cell's metabolism is a(n) ___.

antimetabolite

The strongest flexor of the forearm is the

brachialis

Inflammation of one of the lubricating sacs of the rotator cuff is called ____.

bursitis

The root in the term gluteal means

buttocks or buttock

The terms myositis and myopathy have the same ____ but different _____.

combining form; suffixes

The suffix -ion means

condition action

Draw together or shorten

contract

The Latin term muscle is tissue consisting of cells that can _____.

contract

Physical therapists help recent amputees stretch the joints above the amputation to prevent ___ of the joints.

contractures, contracture, or tightening

The root in the term orthotic means

correct

Duchenne muscular ____ is a condition characterized by symmetrical weakness and wasting of pelvic, shoulder, and proximal limb muscles.

dystrophy

The Latin term passive means to _______.

endure

The main function of the quadriceps femoris is to

extend the leg at the knee joint.

A sheet of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds a muscle is

fascia

Bundles of skeletal muscle cells are often called muscle

fibers

The disorder that causes widespread muscle pain, chronic fatigue, and depression is

fibromyalgia.

Tendons and fascia are both made of ___.

fibrous connective tissue.

A cyst is an abnormal

fluid-filled sac

Largest muscle in the body

gluteus maximus

Largest muscle of the hip

gluteus maximus

When you twist your ankle and sustain a sprain, you have injured one or more

ligaments

The hypothenar eminence is the pad of muscle located near the base of the ____.

little finger

Rehabilitation to slow or prevent the loss of function is called _____ rehabilitation.

maintenance

A tissue consisting of cells that can contract is _____.

muscle

The forearm is bigger near the elbow because

muscles are fleshy and bulky.

General term for muscle disease

myopathy

The term stenosis means

narrowing of a passage

The root in the terms atrophy and hypertrophy means

nourishment

The ___ of a skeletal muscle is its stationary attachment site. Its ___ is its movable attachment site.

origin, insertion

A(n) ______ is a specialist who fabricates and fits orthotic appliances, often upon the recommendation of a physical therapist.

orthotist

A term that means the opposite of active is ___.

passive

The quadriceps tendon inserts into the ___ and continues as the patellar tendon, which inserts into the ___.

patella, tibia

Seventy-five percent of all amputations are preformed on people over 65 years of age with _____ vascular disease.

peripheral

Smooth muscle powers the movement of food through the digestive system via ______.

peristalsis

The term for waves of alternate constriction and relaxation in a tube is ____.

peristalsis

A physiatrist is a physician who specializes in

physical medicine and rehabilitation.

The hollow area behind the knee, formed between the tendons of the hamstring muscles, is the

popliteal fossa

Swelling, weak arm and leg muscles, and joint contractures could make it difficult for an amputee to be fitted for a(n) ___.

prosthesis

The large, four-part muscle of the thigh that extends the knee is the

quadriceps femoris

The root in the term rehabilitation means

restore

The suffix in the term contracture means

result of

Destruction of muscle to produce myoglobin is called ______.

rhabdomyolysis

Another name for the pectoral girdle is____

shoulder girdle

What are the different types of muscle strains?

simple stretch partial tear complete tear

The term that means pertaining to the skeleton is _____.

skeletal

Injury or tearing of a ligament is called a(n)

sprain

A(n)___ is a class of drug used to lower blood cholesterol levels.

statin

The term fiber means a(n) _____ or filament.

strand

The term ganglion comes from the Greek word that means ___.

swelling

The condition of an inflammation of the tendon is

tendinitis

The combining form in the term tenosynovitis means

tendon

A ___ is a fibrous band of connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone. Inflammation of this structure is called ___.

tendon, tendinitis or tendonitis

The dorsum of the hand is

the back of the hand

The ventral surface of a body part is on the same side as ____.

the belly

On the palmar surface, the prominent pad of muscle near the thumb is the ___ eminence. The pad of muscle near the fifth finger is the ______ eminence.

thenar, hypothenar

The thenar eminence is the prominent pad of muscle near the ___.

thumb

The prefix in the term contract means _____.

together, with

The ___ of your skeletal muscles holds you straight when sitting, standing, or moving.

tone

The root in the term deltoid means

triangle

What muscle of the arm has three heads or points of origin?

triceps

True or false: The biceps brachii and triceps brachii perform opposite movements at the elbow joint.

true

The quadriceps are the vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris, and

vastus lateralis

Skeletal and cardiac muscle both have striations. However, skeletal muscle is under ____ control, and cardiac muscle is not.

voluntary

The root in the word latissimus means

wide or broad

Voluntary muscle is a muscle that is under the control of the ____.

will