Mega Quiz Biology
Which is a description of climate, and not the weather?
Summer is wetter and warmer than winter
Carolus Linnaeus developed ____________________________ , in which species are assigned two-part names.
binomial nomenclature
Natural selection depends on ______________________
both competition and inherited differences
Many processes of cellular respiration occur in the mitochondria. Which two substances must enter the mitochondria for cellular respiration to be completed?
glucose and ATP
What is a significant difference between primary and secondary succession?
in secondary succession there is topsoil
Most genetic variation is caused by ________________________
mutations and natural selection
A condition in which two or more organisms live closely together and benefit each other is called_____________
mutualism
The second stage, called the Krebs cycle, and the third stage, electron transport, require the presence _______________________.
of oxygen
Earth's early atmosphere contained all of the following gases EXCEPT?
oxygen
Thylakoids contain clusters of chlorophyll and proteins. These are called ___
photosystems
What significant function can parasitism have in the ecosystem?
population decrease of an overabundant species
Why is disease considered a density-dependent environmental factor?
population density affects amount of contact
What are two features of coral reefs?
prevent shore erosion and live symbiotically with algae
Which of the following conditions would make an organism mutualistic with a tree and parasitic with fungi?
protects the bark form insects while depriving fungi of nutrients
What are two crucial functions of the carbon cycle?
provides fossil fuels and recycles carbon dioxide
Scientists generally use three approaches to study ecology. Which is an example of experimentation?
raising ants in terrariums, each identical except for the clay content of the soil.
Which of the following best describes the hydrosphere?
water in any location on Earth, including the atmosphere, surface and underground.
Which process occurs only in autotrophs, and never in heterotrophs?
D. photosynthesis
Which of these subjects is MOST LIKELY to be studied in ecology?
D. the interaction between populations of wolves and deer
The diagram is a model of the process of photosynthesis.The left half and right half of the diagram model which stages of photosynthesis?
D. the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions
In guinea pigs, black color is dominant. When two heterozygous black guinea pigs are crossed, the probablity of producing a white guinea pig is?
1/4
If a radio active isotope has a half-life of 20 million year, and there is 25% remaining in the igneous rock. How old is the rock?
40 Million years
Which TWO molecules generated by the Krebs cycle pass their high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain? A. NADH B. C6H12O6 C. FADH2 D. NAD+ Select two answers.
A and C
Which statement describes ALL primary producers?
A. All make energy-rich compounds that can be used by other organisms.
In the Miller-Urey experiment, electrical sparks were passed through a mixture of gases, including hydrogen, water vapor, methane, and ammonia. These gases were thought to be present in the atmosphere of early Earth. The results showed that the gases reacted to form amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. Which conclusion about the origin of life on Earth is MOST STRONGLY supported by the Miller-Urey experiment?
A. All organic molecules, including amino acids, were produced from chemical reactions on early Earth.
Gregor Mendel used the model of dominant and recessive forms of factors, or genes, to explain the results of his experiments on pea plants. For example, he proposed that tall plant height (T) was dominant over short height (t).In one of Mendel's experiments, a cross between two tall plants produced both tall and short offspring in a 3:1 ratio. Which conclusion about the parent plants is supported by Mendel's model?
A. Both parent plants were heterozygous (Tt) for height.
Scientists before Darwin had proposed that living things could change over time. Why was Darwin's theory of evolution more powerful and useful than the proposals of the other scientists?
A. Darwin explained the mechanism by which evolution occurred.
The diagram shows how the energy of sunlight is distributed after it enters Earth's atmosphere. The complex distribution of this energy is partially a result of certain gases in the atmosphere, called greenhouse gases. These gases absorb heat that is radiated from the surface, and then reradiate the heat. What is the relationship between the greenhouse effect and sunlight?
A. Greenhouse gases absorb sunlight, and then reradiate it to the surface.
Artificial selection has produced a wide variety of crop plants, livestock, and pets. Which characteristic of artificial selection makes it different from natural selection?
A. Humans, not the environment, select which organisms survive and reproduce.
Darwin developed and proposed the Theory of Evolution during the 1800s. Since that time, due in part to advances in technology, scientists have expanded their knowledge and ideas about biological systems. Which statement describes an example of evidence acquired in the past 100 years and its relationship to the Theory of Evolution?
A. New evidence from molecular biology provides overwhelming support that all life evolved from a single ancestor.
Jenna is writing a report on the theory of plate tectonics. In the report, she applies the theory to explain a variety of observations. For which of these observations does the theory provide the most useful explanation?
A. Rock layers of the same age and containing matching fossils are found on separate continents.
The thylakoid membrane contains a protein called ATP synthase. As hydrogen ions pass through the protein, ADP and a phosphate group are combined to form ATP. What is the direct energy source, if any, for the movement of hydrogen ions and the formation of ATP?
A. The energy source is the high-energy electrons that accompany the hydrogen ions.
Mixing household chemicals can be dangerous! Always read ingredients on the labels and understand the dangers. If I am using a chemical that contains Ammonia, what chemical should it not be combined with?
Any chemical that contains bleach.
The graph shows how the rates of photosynthesis vary with light intensity for two groups of plants: plants that thrive in direct sunlight, and plants that thrive in the shade. The plants in both groups receive the same amount of water and are kept at the same temperature. For both groups of plants, what BEST describes the relationship between light intensity and rate of photosynthesis?
A. The rate of photosynthesis increases with light intensity, and might be limited by other factors such as water and temperature.
Organism A and organism B are both classified in the same phylum. Which additional information about the two species can be concluded?
A. The two organisms are members of the same kingdom.
The diagram shows the structure of a flower. Could the flower remain functional if its filaments and anthers were removed?
A. Yes. A bird or insect could transfer pollen from another plant to the stigma.
Which event is occurring because of increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere
A. an increase in the greenhouse effect
The carbon cycle involves a variety of processes that transfer carbon among Earth systems. Many of these processes also transfer which other element?
A. oxygen, which bonds with carbon in carbon dioxide
Fossils reveal the body structures of ancient organisms. What other information can be concluded or inferred from studying fossils? Select THREE correct answers.
A. the ecology of ancient environments B. evolutionary lineages from common ancestors and D. sequential nature of groups of ancient organisms
A food web shows feeding relationships in an ecosystem.In this food web, what is represented by the chains of arrows from the grass to the fox?
A. the one-way flow of energy through the ecosystem
The release of energy in an organism depends of the conversion of_____________
ATP to ADP
When the light-independent reactions are occurring, gases diffuse between the chloroplast and the air that surrounds the plant. Why is gas diffusion essential during this stage of photosynthesis?
B. Carbon dioxide is used to assemble sugar molecules.
The diagram is a cladogram that shows evolutionary relationships among several animal species.Consider the clade that contains the lizard and wallaby, but not the other animals listed in the diagram. What properties are common to all of the members of this clade?
B. Clade members develop from an amniotic egg, and may or may not use mammary glands to feed their young.
The graph describes the changes that occur when a country undergoes the demographic transition, which involve changes to birthrate and death rate. As explained by the graph, when does the population of the country increase most rapidly? Assume that both immigration and emigration are insignificant to the population size.
B. During Stage II, when birthrate is much higher than death rate
Kim works as a dog trainer. She wants to apply the methods of science inquiry to improve her professional skills. Which of the following tasks can she achieve MOST successfully by applying science inquiry?
B. Explaining the behavior of dogs, and testing any explanation with observations or an experiment.
On Darwin's voyage, he observed ostriches and rheas living on grasslands on separate continents. These two types of birds are similar, but not identical. How did Darwin apply these observations?
B. He developed hypotheses to explain the distribution and differences of the birds.
John states the following claim."Biogeography provides evidence for the theory of evolution." To support this claim, which evidence would be MOST useful for John to cite?
B. Polar bears and grizzly bears are similar in many ways, but are adapted to live in different regions.
One week, Stan buys a dozen carrots from the supermarket. The next week, he buys a dozen carrots that were raised by a local farmer. Stan concludes that his second purchase caused the lesser increase in his ecological footprint. Which statement, if true, supports this conclusion? Assume that the size of the carrots is the same in both purchases.
B. The carrots from the supermarket were raised thousands of miles away.
During the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is combined with hydrogen to form sugars. What is the energy source, if any, that allows this process to occur?
B. The energy source is ATP from the light-dependent reactions.
Mariana eats an orange. Which statement describes the ultimate source of the energy that her body receives when she digests the orange?
B. The light energy that originates from the sun provides the energy to grow oranges, which contain macromolecules.
Jorge is studying a pond ecosystem in his neighborhood. The pond is home to a variety of plant and animal species, as well as a stop for birds that migrate through the region.One summer, heavy rains wash an unusual amount of fertilizer into the pond. Jorge observes the algae population growing rapidly, and quickly algae cover the pond's surface. Several weeks later, many fish and other animals die in the pond. However, within two years, the algae population has returned to its previous size, as have the populations of all the ecosystem members. Jorge's observations provide the strongest evidence for which of the following conclusions about the pond?
B. The pond ecosystem is resilient to changes in many abiotic and biotic factors.
Which one of the following describes the process of aerobic cellular respiration?
B. a process of energy conversion that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen, forming new compounds
The overall chemical equation that describes photosynthesis is shown below.6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2During photosynthesis, what best describes the role of the compound with the chemical formula C6H12O6?
B. a product that is useful because of its high-energy chemical bonds
A common chemical reaction in cells is to add a phosphate group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to form adenosine triphosphate (ATP). What purpose does this reaction serve?
B. pyruvic acid and oxygen
The levels of the diagram are labeled with percentages. What do the percentages represent?
B. the relative amounts of energy contained by the organisms in each trophic level
When you finish working with chemicals, biological specimens, and other lab substances, always
B. wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water.
Which are examples of artificial selection? Select all of the answers that apply.
BCD
The first stage of cellular respiration is glycolysis, which literally means "sugar splitting." Look at the diagram.When glucose, a 6-carbon sugar, is broken down during glycolysis, what product forms? A. 2 molecules of lactic acid, C3H6O3 B. 3 molecules of ethanol, C2H5OH C. 2 molecules of pyruvic acid, C3H4O3 D. 6 molecules of carbon dioxide, CO2
C. 2 molecules of pyruvic acid, C3H4O3
The wings of ostriches are examples of vestigial structures. The wings provide evidence for which of these evolutionary relationships?
C. An ancestor of ostriches had useful wings.
A population of seals live along the rocky shores of the northern coast of California. The seals hunt and eat fish that they catch in the water. As the population increases in size, which of these events becomes more likely to occur?
C. Competition for food acts to slow the growth rate of the population.
Which of the following statements does NOT provide evidence that differences in mice coat color could have evolved through natural selection.
C. Evidence from embryology suggest that lighter mice are not related to darker mice.
The cladogram shown here describes evolutionary relationships among several vertebrate lineages. Each of the 6 labeled dots represents a derived character for a lineage. The cladogram also includes the names of 6 animal groups alive today.The cladogram provides evidence for which conclusion about the amniotic egg?
C. In vertebrate evolution, the amniotic egg evolved after the trait of four limbs, but before mammary glands.
Mary is arguing that sea otters are a keystone species in the coastal ecosystem where they live. Which of the following statements provides the strongest evidence for Mary's argument?
C. Many other species depend either directly or indirectly on the sea otter population.
Lynn Margulis developed the endosymbiont theory to explain the evolution of certain eukaryotic organelles, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria. According to this theory, which of these events occurred to an ancient prokaryotic cell?
C. The cell took in another ancient prokaryotic cell, which began living inside it.
Maxwell is evaluating the chemical equation shown below. (Note: The same equation is described in both words and chemical formulas.) glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + waterC6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2OWhich statement is most useful for Maxwell to include in his evaluation?
C. The equation describes the process of cellular respiration that occurs in many organisms when oxygen is available.
The species Ursus arctos, Ursus maritimus, and Ursus americanus are all members of the same genus. The classification of the three species supports which statement about them?
C. The three species share many characteristics and are biologically related.
In cellular respiration, energy is trapped in the form of ATP, which is used for cellular work, and acts as a "currency" for energy transfers within a cell. Which everyday item functions in a way similar to ATP?
C. a rechargeable battery, because it can store energy and then release it
The diagram shows the evolutionary descent of four animals from a common ancestor. The forelimb of each animal is also shown.Are the forelimbs an example of homologous structures or analogous structures?
C. homologous structures, because each of the structures evolved from the same body part of a common ancestor
Savannah is asked to explain the locations of the stages of cellular respiration. What location should she give for the site of the Krebs cycle reactions?
C. the matrix of the mitochondria
A scientist thinks that the age of a fossil is about 2 billion years. For a more precise measurement of the age, the scientist applies a model of the radioactive decay of potassium-40. The model is shown in the graph.Which measurement of the fossil would allow the scientist to determine its age?
C. the ratio of the mass of potassium-40 to stable potassium isotope
The Diagram shows that the upwind side of a mountain range tends to receive more precipitation than the downwind side of a mountain range. Which statement is Most useful for explaining this observation?
Cold air holds less moisture than warm air.
The adaptations of a pelican include its long, pouch-like beak. Why is the beak of the pelican an example of an adaptation?
D. The shape and structure of the beak are inherited and help the pelican survive in its environment.
What BEST describes the roles of photosystem I and photosystem II in the process of photosynthesis?
D. They absorb sunlight and transfer the energy to electrons.
The diagram represents four trophic levels in an ecosystem. Which of the following BEST describes how energy flows in this ecosystem?
D. About ten percent of the energy at one trophic level is passed to the next trophic level.
Meiosis produces _______________________________
Four genetically different haploid cells
The country with the highest population density is?
Japan
The diagram illustrates the three stages of cellular respiration.In which stage is carbon dioxide released? Select the correct stage.
Krebs cycle
During this process, energy from ATP and _________________________________ is used to assemble high-energy sugars.
NADPH
The following activity is permitted in the laboratory:
None of the above.
An example of a producer is_________________________________
a grass plant
Most organisms in the biosphere exchange the gases oxygen and carbon with the atmosphere. Which of the following describes an exchange of matter between the atmosphere and the geosphere?
a volcanic eruption releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
What are two ways that human population size has increased due to technology?
agriculture and shelter building
Before you leave the science room, you should
all of the above
Miller Urey's experiments showed how reactions could have produced Earth's first______________________________
amino acids
The first stage, glycolysis, occurs in __________________ conditions.
anaerobic
When using a razor blade or scalpel, always cut the material
away from you
Organisms recycle ___________back into the air during cellular respiration.
carbon dioxide
The three main gases that trap heat in Earth's atmosphere are _______________.
carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane
Which organelle is found in plant cells, but not in animal cells?
chloroplast
Which of these is not a characteristic of a population?
climate
The diagram shows how the energy of sunlight is distributed after it enters Earth's atmosphere. The complex distribution of this energy is partially a result of certain gases in the atmosphere, called greenhouse gases. These gases absorb heat that is radiated from the surface, and then reradiate the heat. Without greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, would Earth's temperatures be warmer, colder, or about the same?
colder
A ______________is an area where the annual rate of evaporation exceeds the rate of precipitation.
desert
Thylakoids absorb sunlight and generate high-energy______________________.
electrons
Laboratory work may be started immediately upon entering the laboratory even if the teacher is not yet present.
false
Which are biotic factors of the pond ecosystem?
fish, waterlilies, and frogs
Natural selection tends to increase________________________
fitness
The effect of a dominant allele will be observed when________________________
regardless of the other allele
What happens when a population nears carrying capacity?
resources become limited
Living things need energy to carry out their life processes. Animals get this energy from food through a process called cellular_______________
respiration
Genetic drift is likely to occur in populations that are _____________________
small in size
Yabine is studying energy from food in her nutrition class. She learns that fats, proteins, and carbohydrates can store different amounts of energy because they have different chemical _____________________ and different numbers of energy-storing chemical bonds.
structures
The science of naming and grouping organisms is called _________________________ .
systematics
Scientists depend on a system of __________________________ to name and classify species.
taxanomy
The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis are also known as_____________________________.
the calvin cycle
Which of the following is a density-dependent factor for a population of deer in a forest?
the number of mountain lions in the forests
Which of the following is true about pioneer species?
they tend to be small
Warm temperatures and large amounts of rainfall characterize what type of biome?
tropical rain forest
Always carry microscope with both hands
true
Never remove chemicals, specimens, or other equipment from the laboratory
true
What occurs when the birth rate equals the death rate?
zero population growth