MESH psych unit 3
Which of the following statements best depicts the concept of incentive theory?
Jennifer studies hard because her parents reward her by paying $20 for each superior grade that she brings home.
Which of the following findings about emotions is well supported by research?
There are several universal emotions.
Amanda experienced discomfort in class. She put on a sweater when she realized her discomfort was caused by the cold. Her behavior was motivated by
a drive
Which of the following situations describes an approach-avoidance conflict?
Anna must decide whether to buy a used car that is in her price range but has several mechanical problems.
Which of the following best supports the hypothesis that basic human emotions, such as sadness, are innate?
Basic emotions are understood and expressed in a similar fashion by individuals from diverse cultures.
Which of the following is LEAST likely to affect the immune system's ability to ward off illness?
Being around someone who has a serious case of the flu
Which of the following is the best example of a homeostatic process?
Cathy drinks a large amount of water to reduce thirst after a long race.
Which of the following most accurately characterizes the role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of hunger?
It acts with the endocrine system to control hunger and satiety.
Which of the following correctly lists Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs from bottom to top?
Physiological, safety, belonging, esteem, self-actualization
Which of the following is considered the most basic of needs?
Obtaining food and water
According to cognitive dissonance theory, human beings are motivated to
Reduced tensions produced by inconsistent thoughts
Melinda went skydiving. As soon as she landed, a handsome man helped her gather her parachute. Melinda's heart was beating quickly and her hands were perspiring. Melinda inferred that she must be attracted to him. Which of the following is a theory of emotion that would best explain the relationship between Melinda's physiological state and her apparent attraction to the man that helped her?
Schachter two-factor
Drive reduction as a motivational concept is best exemplified by which of the following?
The injection of heroin by an addict to avoid withdrawal symptoms
Based only on the variable described for each of the following pairs of individuals, which individuals are most likely to show different facial expressions when experiencing the same emotion?
Two individuals who are from different cultures that have different display rules for the emotion
Gustav was out for his daily walk when he was approached by a thief who demanded his wallet. He immediately felt an increase in his breathing and heart rate. Which of the following accurately describes Gustav's physiological response?
alarm reaction
Paul Ekman found that when Japanese students watched films of surgery, they masked their expressions of disgust with a smile when an authority figure entered the room but not when alone. American students maintained their expressions of disgust both alone and in the presence of an authority figure. Ekman's findings illustrate what he calls
display rules
The neurotransmitter that is primarily associated with the feeling of wanting something is
dopamine
According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the need to have respect for ourselves and to be valued by others is classified within the category of
esteem needs
The final stage of general adaptation theory is known as
exhaustion
Pam works hard in school because her parents give her ten dollars for every A she receives. Pam's parents are attempting to influence her academic efforts by capitalizing on
extrinsic motivation
A genetically programmed action pattern is the ethologist's definition of
instinct
Carla tutors other students because she likes to be helpful, whereas Jane tutors classmates strictly for pay. Their behaviors demonstrate the difference between
intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome is an attempt to explain
reactions to stress
An animal will gain weight when
its ventromedial hypothalamus is damaged
According to research on motivation, employers are most likely to ensure high performance and job satisfaction from their workers if the employers
redesign jobs to increase workers' responsibility and flexibility
Hunger and eating are primarily regulated by which of the following?
the hypothalamus
Research studies indicate that people who are intrinsically motivated as compared to people who are extrinsically motivated tend to
work harder and enjoy their work more
Chuck asked Jane out on a date and he offered her two possible options—to see a movie or to go ice skating. Jane felt a bit stressed about making the decision because she liked both activities. Which of the following conflicts was Jane experiencing?
Approach-approach
After school, George and his friends complain of intense hunger. They go to George's home and immediately open his refrigerator to look for a snack. Which of the following is a theory of motivation that best explains their behavior?
Drive reduction
In the James-Lange theory of emotion, which of the following immediately precedes an emotion?
Experience of physiological changes
Which of the following concepts explains motivation in terms of an organism seeking to maintain its biological equilibrium?
Homeostasis
According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following statements is true?
Physiological needs must be met before an individual achieves self-actualization.
Stanley Schachter's explanation of emotions places emphasis on
a cognitive appraisal of physiological arousal
Exposure to stressors decreases the effectiveness of lymphocytes in the blood stream, which perform the function of
defending the body from viruses
Research has shown that the optimal arousal level of an individual performing a given task is
related to task difficulty
