Metabolisom Mastery Quiz Prep U

A client recieves steroids for several months to treat an inflammatory condition. Which action by the primary health care provider indicates an understanding of the negative feedback mechanism when the client no longer needs the medication?

Prescribing a tapering dose of the medication over weeks

The nurse prepares vitamin supplement information regarding biotin for a client with what diagnosis?

Diabetes

A client who has been taking acetaminophen 1000 mg every 4 hours presents to the Urgenct Care Center with increased abdominal pain, elevated ALT, AST, and bilirubin levels. The nurse suspects the client is experiencing:

Direct hepatotoxic reaction

Which is a metabolic cause of delirium?

Hypoglycemia

Many hormones are measured for diagnostic reasons by using the plasma levels of the hormones. What is used today to measure plasma hormone levels?

Radioimmunoassay methods

An example of a single hormone that can exert effects in differernt tissues is erythropoietin. Erythropoietin is made in the kidney and stimulates the bome marrow to produce:

Red blood cells

Which statement is true of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

mRNA provides the template for protein synthesis

The pathophysiology student is studying the general adaptation syndrome (GAS). Which statement by the student demonstrates understanding?

"Epinephrine is released in the alarm stage."

After teaching an older adult about measuring to relieve constipation, which statemtn by the client indicates a need for additional teaching?

"I should use a laxative every other day"

A 51-year-old male professional is in the habit of consuming 6 to 8 rum and Cokes each evening after work. He assures the nurse practictioner who is performing his regular physical exam that his drinking is under control and does not have negative implications for his work or family life. How could the nurse best respond to the client's statement?

"When your body has to regularly break down that much alcohol, your blood and the functional cells in your liver accumulate a lot of potentially damaging toxic by-products."

A client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus asks why they need ketone testing when the disease affects their blood glucose levels. How should the nurse respond?

"Ketones will tell us if your body is using other tissues for energy."

A 13-year-old adolescent with hyperthyroidism who takes antithyroid medication has a sore throat and a fever. The parent calls the nursde and asks what to do. Which is the best reponse from the nurse?

"Please take your child straight to the emergency department"

A parent of a 14-year-old teen expresses concern over the late hours the teen keeps. Which response by the nurse best explains a possible etiology for the late hours?

"The onset of puberty ostrn lengthens the circadian rhythm, causing an increase in evening wakefulness."

A client with type 2 diabetes has depression that has been resistant to antidepressant therapy. The healthcare provider orders tranylcypromine sulfate. What priority education will the nurse provide to the client?

"This medication can lower your blood glucose level, so check it more often."

A student is comparing the two patterns of contractions in the small intestine. WHich statment is most accurate?

"segmentation waves function mainly to mix the chyme with the digestive enzymes from the pancreas."

When educating a client with possible glucocorticoid dysfunction, the nurse will explain that the CRH controls the release of ACTH. The best time to perform the blood test to measure peak ACTH levels would be:

06:00 to 08:00 AM

A 10-year-old child is newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. The child's hemoglobin A1C level is being monitored. The nurse determies that additional intervention is needed with the child based on which result?

8.5%

A patient recieves furosemide intravenously at 9 AM. The nurse would expect to assess peak effects of the drug at which time?

9:30 AM

Which action should a nurse include in the care plan for a 2-month- old infant with heart faliure?

Allow the infant to rest before feeding

In the phases of metabolism, which of the following requires energy rather than providing it for use by the body?

Anabolism

Select the structure primarily responsible for the secretions of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin.

Anterior pituitary gland

A newborn is returned to the observational nursery demonstrating signs of cold stress after a prolonged bath. Which action would be a priority for the nurse?

Assess blood sugar level

The nurse is caring for a client who has a tumor that results in excess levels of catecholamines being released. Which assessments will the nurse prioraitize in this client's plan of care? Select all that apply

Blood glucose Blood pressure Heart rate and rhythm

Which statement about bone mass and older adults is accurate?

Bone resorption and formation are no longer perfectly coupled, and bone mass is lost.

A client with acromegaly comes to the clinic and informs the nurse that she is having a productive cough and a low grade fever. This is the client's fourth visit in 1 year for the same problem. What condition does the nurse understand results drom this client's enlarged cartilaginous structures?

Bronchitis

A nurse is cring for a client with severe liver failure. Knowing that the client's condition has resulted in impaired synthesis of albumin, the nurse understands that trhe client's generalized edema is related to which of the following?

Decreased colloidal osmotic pressure

When caring for the client with pancreatic cancer, for which of these signsand symptoms does the nurse assess?

Central abdominal pain, jaundice, and weight loss

A client is having surgical removal of her gallbladder laparoscopically. While dissecting the gallbladder for removal, what type of epithelial tissue will be removed?

Columnar

When an acute MI occurs, many physiologic changes occur very rapidly. What causes the loss of contractile function of the heart within seconds of the onset of an MI?

Conversion from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism

Which would a nurse expect to assess in a client experiencing hyperthyroidism?

Flushed, warm skin

Which statement is true regarding the development of juvenile idiopathic arthritis?

Generalized stunted growth can occur

Which laboratory values for a newly admitted client indicate a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus? Select all that apply.

Hemoglobin A1C 9.1% (.09) 2 hour oral GTT 245 mg.dL (13.6mmol/L)

What is the term for an adaptation to environmental stres that occurs when tissue mass enlarges due to cell multiplication and increased stimulation?

Hyperplasia

A 30-year-old client who manages type 2 diabetes with glyburide presents at the emergency room reporting headache, confusion, and tachycardia. The client has come from a party at which the client drank two beers to celebrate running a half-marathon. Which is likely to be the cause of this client's?

Hypoglycemia

While trying to explain the physiology behind type 2 diabetes to a group of nursing students, the instructor will mention which accurate information?

In skeletal muscle, insulin resistance prompts deacreased uptake of glucose. Following meals (postprandial), glucose levels are higher due to diminished efficiency of glucose clearance

WHich results would indicate that levothyroxine sodium is effectively resolving the symptoms of a client with hypothyroidism?

Increased energy, weight loss, and a higher temperature and pulse rate

The nurse is caring for a client who prefers to consume a large amount of protein in the diet. What does the nurse recognize may occur as a result of a high-protein diet?

Increased glomerular filtration rate

Following a stroke that disrupts blood flow to the pituitary gland, a client develops signs of hypopituitarism. Which manifestations are unexpected findings?

Increased volume of dilute urine

A client with diabetes mellitus has been admitted to the hospital in diabetic ketoacidosis. During the admission assessment of the client, the nurse learns that the client is not following the prescribed therapeutic regimen. The client states, "I don't really have diabetes. My doctor overreacts." What is the most appropriate diagnosis for this client's health problem?

Ineffective Health Maintenance related to client's denial of illness

A hormone has been synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of an endocrine cell after which it has moved into the Golgi complex, been packed in a vesicle, and been released into circulation. Which hormone is synthesized and released in this manner?

Insulin

Smooth muscle contractions are typically characterized as:

Involuntary

A client with HIV has had a CCR5 co-receptor antagonist added to the antiretroviral regimen. What assessment should the nurse prioritize?

Liver function

Which role do supporting cells of the nervous system—such as Schwann cells, satellite cells, and types of glial cells—provide in functioning to protect neurons?

Local protection

Select the screening procedure performed on newborns to decrease the risk of intellectual disability and compromised neurological development.

Serum phenlalanine test

A client with diabetes mellitus is reporting burning pain of the feet and some numbness. These symptoms are likely due to which case?

Somatic neuropathy

During a lecture about the function of the intestine related to food digestion, the faculty mentions that when the students consume foods high in acid, the intestines will:

Stimulate the release of secretin, which then inhibits release of gastrin.

The main actions of testosterone are varied, and many of the biologic effects are well known in the male. The nurse who is familiar ith the actions of testosterone will also know about which biologic effect of testosterone?

Stimulates erythropoiesis

The production of chyme occurs in which organ?

Stomach

A nurse is teaching a client with diabetes mellitus about self-management. Which statment would be correct about the administration of lisper insulin?

Take the insulin at around the same time each day at a meal

The nurse prepares to administer digoxin to a client. For which reason should the nurse question the prescribed dose?

The client has chronic kidney disease (CKD)

A client is taking antiprotozoal medications to prevent a relapse of Plasmodium vivid malaria. The nurse is assessing the client during a scheduled follow-up appointment. What assessment finding suggests an increased risk for hepatotoxicity during antimalarial therapy?

The client is taking acetaminophen 1000 mg PO every four hours

Which physiologic process would be considered a positive feedback mechanism?

The platelet-aggregation mechanism activating clot formation

A client has a disorder that is known to affect the structure and function of the transcription factors. What is the most likely implication of this client's health status?

There will be abnormalities in the regulation of the client's genetic activity

Which explanation identifies correctly how the G protein- linked receptors are similar?

They have a ligand-binding extracellular receptor component, which causes changes that activate the G protein on the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane

A public health nurse is teaching a group of parents at a community health center about deeding and nutrition for toddlers. WHich information is most important for the nurse to include in the teaching?

Toddlers often eat one food for many days in a row

For which endocrine disorders would autoimmune antibody testing be appropriate? Select all that apply.

Type 1 diabestes mellitus, graves disease, hypoparathyroidism, addison disease

A nurse is caring for a client with symptoms of epigastric pain. When teaching the action of gastric contents related to functioning of the body, which action occurs in the stomach? Selectall that apply.

Vitamin B12 absorption Breaking down food fibers Killing microorganisms Activating the enzyme pepsin

A nurse is caring for a client undergoing IV therapy. The nurse knows that intravenous administration of medication is appropriate in which situation?

When the client has disorders that affect the absorption of medications

For a client with hyperthyroidism, treatment is most likely to include

a thyroid hormone antagonist

A client is taking a synthetic thyroid hormone for the treatment of hypothyroidism. The client develops signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism. The nurse refers to this adverse extension disease development as:

complications

When describing the covering on bones to the students, the instructor asks, "Why is periosteum an important part of the bone covering?" The student responses should mention which od the following? It:

contains blood vessels that assist with providing nutrition to bone tissue

When reviewing the purpose/ action of neurotransmitters as they interact with different receptors, the nursing instructor gives an example using acetylcholine. When acetylcholine is released at the sinoatrial node in the right atrium of the heart, it is:

inhibitory

The nurse is interpreting the negative feedback system that controls endocrine function. What secretion will the nurse correlate as decreasing while blood glucose levels decrease?

insulin

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with marasmus. The nurse would expect the client to manifest:

loss of subcutaneous tissue, stunted growth, protuberant abdomen.

A nurse performs a fingerstick glucose-monitoring test for a client. The results are 49 mg/dL (2.7 mol/L). Which clinical manifestation does the nurse assess for?

nervousness, diaphoresis, and confusion

A 4-month-old infant is diagnosied with congenital hypothyroidism and prescribed levothyroxine. When should the nurse teach the parents to administer the medication?

on an empty stomach

Which client is most likely to have impairments to the wound healing process? A client with:

poorly controlled blood sugars with small blood vessel disease

A client asks the nurse to explain the digestive tract layers because the cllient is experiencing upper GI problems. When talking about the mucosa layer, the nurse will emphasize that the roles/ functions of this layer consist of: Select all that apply.

production of mucus to protect and lubricate the inner lining beginning of the digestive process by secreting enzymes to break down food

A client who was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes 14 years ago is admitted to the medical-surgical unit with abdominal pain. On admission, the client's blood clucose level is 470 mg/ dl (26.1 mol/ L). Which finding is most likely to accompany this blood glucose level?

rapid, thready pulse

A client's low serum T4 level has led to a diagnosis of hypothyroidism. When planning this client;s care, the nurse should:

teach the client about the safe and effective use of synthetic thyroid hormones

The nurse explains the purpose of the negative feedback system used by the endocrine system is what?

to maintain hormone concentration at an ideal level

How long is the half-life of the hormone aldosterone,, which is only 15% protein bound?

25 minutes

A client with a new diagnosis of an endocrine disorder is unclear how the body can control the levels of different hormones over time. WHich statment most accurately underlies the dominant regularion process of hormone levels in the body?

Wth input from various sensors, hormone production and release are adjusted based on existing hormone levels.

The nurse is teaching a client abour managing an ileostomy. What observation should the nurse instruct the client with an ileostomy to report immediately?

absence of drainage from the ileostomy for 6 or more hours

A client's gestational diabetes is poorly controlled throughout her pregnancy. She goes into labor at 38 weeks and gives birth. Which priority intervention should be included in the care plan for the neonate during the first 24 hours?

Provide frequent early feedings with formula

A client with a history of brain tumors that resulted in partial removal of the pituitary gland years ago expresses concern to the health care provider about whether she will be able to breast-feed her infant. Which physiologic function of the pituitary gland facilitates breast milk production?

Prolactin

There are two types of nervous tissue cells: neurons and supporting cells. What is the function of the supporting cells?

Protect the nervous system and provide metabolic support for the neurons

An adult client with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus performing isometric exercise to help control his blood glucose level will gain which benefit?

AN increase in his basal metabolic level

The krebs cycle provides a common pathway for the metabolism of nutrients by the body. During the Krebs cycle, each of the two pyruvate molecules formed in the cytoplasm from one molecule of glucose yields another molecule of:

ATP

A client with multiple pain-related injuries to the back, knees, and hips is admitted with acute liver failure. Upon procuring a medication list, the nurse notes that the client is taking several over-the -counter medications tha contain a preparation known to be the drug that most commonly causes liver failure. Whichdrug is this?

Acetaminophen

A client newly diagnosed with diabetes has been sent home after in-depth education regarding the diabetes managment plan. Because the client is newly diagnosed, the nurse included in the plan of care a risk for unstable glucose. What is the most appropriate short-term outcome for this nursing diagnosis in the client? The client will:

Maintain a blood surgar between 70 mg/dL (3.89 mol/L) and 110 mg/dL (6.11 mol/L).

A client is scheduled for a thyroid panel. The nurse understands that this test would involve which of the following?

Measurement of blood hormone levels

A client with hyperparathyroidism has hypercalcemia. Which result is a likely consequence?

Metastatic calcification

The manifestations of the stress response are strongly influenced by which system?

Nervous

One of the jobs the liver performs is to export triglycerides. When the liver's capacity to export triglyceride is exceeded, excess fatty acids accumulate in the liver. To what disease do these excess fatty acids contribute?

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

The newborn nursery is preparing to perform a required neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism. What should the nurse do to the necessary sample?

Preform a heel stick to obtain a drop of blood for a T4 and THS

Which refers to the decrease in lens flexibility that occurs with age, resulting in the near point of focus getting further away?

Presbyopia