MGMT 4320 Midterm Review

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To get other students on a team to contribute equally, one might tell them about the benefits of getting a good grade on the project in an attempt to create a positive ___________ toward doing the work.

attitude

Public opinion polls and surveys are methods used to measure workplace ____________ since they can predict likely behavior in the workplace and in society.

attitude

Core self-evaluations have a desirable effect upon which of the following outcomes?

job/life satisfaction motivation job performance

____________ reflect feelings about people, places, and objects and can be positive or negative.

attitudes

Which responses from management suggest a suppression approach to diversity issues?

"Quit whining." "You've got to pay your dues."

Rank the four steps in the stereotyping process with the first step at the top.

1. Categorization 2. Inferences 3. Expectations 4. Maintenance

Place the stages of social perception in order, with the first stage at the top.

1. Selective attention/comprehension 2. Encoding and Simplification 3. Storage and Retention 4. Retrieval and Response

According to anonymous surveys, what percentage of high school students admitted to cheating on tests?

51%

Match the components of overall attitude to their definitions.

Affective --> feelings or emotions that one has about a given object or situation Cognitive --> beliefs or ideas that one has about a given object or situation Behavioral --> how one intends or expects to act toward someone or something

Select the steps in the process of stereotyping.

Categorization Expectation Maintenance Inferences

Select ways to reduce cognitive dissonance.

Change your attitude or behavior Find consonant elements that outweigh the dissonant ones Belittle the importance of the inconsistent behavior

When defining a problem, what should you do immediately after you determine your desired outcome or state?

Compare the desired state or outcome to your current situation.

Which of the following behaviors have been shown by research to improve intelligence?

Constructive thinking Reasoning Problem solving

Which of the following is an example of unethical behavior at work?

David doesn't think he will get in trouble for cutting corners.

Select all that apply to those with an external locus of control.

Demonstrate less motivation for performance Tend to be more anxious Earn lower salaries and smaller salary increases

What should you do after identifying unethical conduct in your workplace but before confronting the problem?

Determine possible causes

Which of the following are key perceiver characteristics that affect our perceptions of others? (Check all that apply.)

Experience with target Direction of gaze Needs and goals

True or false: Stereotypes are always negative.

False

True or false: Technical expertise is the only factor that matters in getting a new job or advancing one's career.

False

True or false: The percentage of non-Hispanic whites will grow in the US by 2060.

False

True or false: You must be born with self-efficacy.

False

Which statement best describes the ideal approach to making recommendations for solving problems?

Good recommendations address causes.

Research suggests that CEOs with high CSEs

Have a positive impact on organizational drive

In response to changes in its core customer demographics, Target launched a campaign to reach out to ______ customers.

Hispanic

Why do critics suggest that IQ tests are not a reliable predictor of performance?

IQ tests measure things taught in school rather than innate intelligence or ability.

Which statement is an example of Vroom's concept of instrumentality?

If I meet my performance goals, I will receive a promotion.

Which of the following outcomes are associated with higher levels of emotional stability? (Check all that apply.)

Increased relaxation Increased likelihood of doing work beyond required job responsibilities Higher levels of job performance

The ______option in Thomas' framework of options that organizations use to deal with any diversity issue is based on the action of moving the diverse person off to the side.

Isolate

Which of the following are true concerning implicit cognition?

It can lead to biased decisions. It comes from people's memory. It happens without conscious awareness.

Select the steps in the applied 3-step approach to problem solving.

Make recommendations Define the problem Identify causes

An unfair social exchange, such as not being paid for overtime worked, is likely to do which of the following?

Motivate the employee to correct the situation. Lead to changes in the employee's attitude or behavior. Cause cognitive dissonance in the employee.

Match the model name to the method management can use to boost job satisfaction.

Need fulfillment: Understand and meet employee needs Met expectations: Meet expectations of employees about what they will receive from jobs Value Attainment: Structure the job and its rewards to match employee values Equity: Monitor employees' perceptions of fairness Disposition: Hire employees with an appropriate disposition

Match the bipolar dimension to its elements.

Openness to Change --> Self-direction, Stimulation Conservation --> Tradition, Security

Workplace attitudes come from the interaction of which of the following processes?

Organizational Group Individual

Which of the following are workplace attitudes that managers pay attention to? (Check all that apply.)

Organizational commitment Job satisfaction Employee engagement Perceived organizational support

Which of the following statements about cheating are true?

Over half of high schoolers report cheating on exams. Cheating takes many forms, including plagiarism and sharing answers via text messaging.

Which of the following is among the methods used by Hilton to increase organizational commitment?

Requiring every executive to spend one week working alongside front-line employees such as cooks or housekeepers

Select reasons people are unethical at work.

Reward systems that offer incentives for bad behavior Pressure from supervisor Personal motivation to perform

Which of the following should managers do to deal with unethical behavior in the workplace?

Set clear expectations when employees are confronted with unethical behavior. Determine likely causes of unethical behavior in managers and employees.

Which statement best describes the results of research on the effectiveness of brain training games?

The evidence is inconclusive, but it suggests that the games are not effective.

How effective are brain training games at improving cognitive performance?

The evidence is inconclusive.

Which of the following trends suggest the existence of a glass ceiling for minorities?

There has been a marked increase in racial discrimination cases. Hispanics and African Americans comprise a smaller relative share of the professional class. Hispanics and African Americans earn less than whites on average.

Which of the following is true of stereotypes?

They are an individual's feelings about a group of people

Which of the following best describes situation and person factors?

They are dynamic

Understanding workplace attitudes is valuable for which of the following reasons?

They predict likely behavior

Which of the following is true about attitudes?

They range from positive to negative

Which of the following statements about unethical behavior is true?

Very few unethical acts are illegal.

When does cognitive dissonance occur?

When a person holds two or more conflicting ideas, beliefs, values, or emotions

When defining a problem, you can refine and focus your definition by asking which of the following questions multiple times throughout the process?

Why is this a problem?

Which question is most important to ask during Step 2 of the 3-Step Approach to problem solving?

Why or how does this cause a problem?

Which of the following statements about constraints in selecting problem-solving solutions is true?

You should consider various constraints before making a selection.

Which of the following is a situation factor at the group/team level that may contribute to a situation in which many employees quit their jobs during a short period of time?

a new manager taking over the department

A person's perception about the terms and conditions of a reciprocal exchange between him or herself and another is called:

a psychological contract

Which characteristics must intelligence training have for experts to consider it effective?

adaptive generalizability variety

Demographics are statistical measurements of population qualities such as:

age race gender

Compared to those with an internal locus of control, people with an external locus of control ______.

are less motivated by performance-based rewards

The _____________ option in Thomas' framework of options that organizations use to deal with any diversity issue is based on the premise that all diverse people will learn to fit in or become like the dominant group.

assimilate

Which of the following are methods that have been used by major corporations to respond to issues regarding sexual orientation and transgender rights?

assisting with taxes imposed on same-sex couples in states that did not recognize same-sex marriage maintaining an inclusive culture offering transgender-inclusive health insurance

Widespread corporate corruption has led to which two of the following?

bankrupting of companies destruction of lives

People who possess an internal locus of control

believe their success is due to their own efforts.

Implicit cognition results in

biased decisions occurring unwittingly

Characteristics of the perceiver include

cognitive load. direction of gaze. gender and emotional status.

Which of the following groups were caught cheating in the 2019 college admissions scandal?

college admissions consultants parents counselors

A force that binds an individual to a course of action of relevance to one or more targets is:

commitment

Hiring people whose personal values align with the organization's is a good way to increase employee ____________.

commitment

OB researchers define __________ as "a force that binds an individual to a course of action of relevance to one or more targets."

commitment

Organizational _____________ exists to the degree that an employee's personal values match the values present in a firms culture.

commitment

What are the key elements of equity theory?

comparison of the ratio of outputs to inputs outputs inputs

The theories that focus on identifying the factors that motivate employees are known as ______ theories.

content

The job characteristics model builds intrinsic motivation by:

designing jobs with the five core characteristics

The most effective method for raising one's self-esteem is to think of

desirable characteristics possessed.

Expectancy theory states that people are motivated to behave in ways that produce

desired combinations of expected outcomes.

Select the types of solution response.

dissolving solving resolving

The array of individual differences and similarities to be found among people represents:

diversity

Individuals with high levels of ____________ tend to be relaxed, secure, unworried and less likely to experience negative emotions under pressure.

emotional stability

Feeling a sense of urgency to complete your work is one indicator of employee _______.

engagement

The job design method that puts more variety into a job by combining specialized tasks of comparable difficulty is job ___________

enlargement

Psychologist J. Stacy Adams first applied ___________ theory in the workplace.

equity

The theory that explains how people strive for fairness in social exchanges is ________ theory.

equity

It is ______ responsibility to confront ethical issues in the workplace.

everyone's

Vroom's __________________ theory requires that all three of the elements must be high for motivation to be high.

expectancy

The theory that can be used to predict behavior in any situation where there is a choice between two or more alternatives is:

expectancy theory

True or false: Most illegal unethical acts are prosecuted.

false

True or false: OB and problem solving are at odds and do not go together when studying OB.

false

True or false: There are only a few situation factors that can impact an outcome when you are trying to accomplish something.

false

Which of the following is a form of cheating that occurs among school administrators?

falsifying transcripts and application materials

Which type of bias contributes the most to managers inaccurately evaluating a job applicant's suitability for a job?

fundamental attribution bias

Research has shown that setting ______________ helps individuals, teams, and organizations to achieve success.

goals

Since person factors are different for everyone, a change in environment will:

have different reactions from people

Asking "Why or how does this cause a problem" is an important method for achieving which step of the 3-Step Approach to problem solving?

identifying potential causes

Job design terms that individuals negotiate for themselves involving schedule flexibility, career development, or other adjustments are known as _______________ deals

idiosycratic

What are job design terms that individuals negotiate for themselves involving schedule flexibility, career development, or other adjustments?

idiosyncratic deals

What level of OB would be represented by studies of people quitting their jobs because of unfulfilled personal values?

individual

Which of the following are the three levels that OB distinguishes among?

individual group organizational

Education, skills, creativity, experience, and personal appearance can all be perceived as ______________ in Adam's equity theory

inputs

Feelings of inequity are based on whether you perceive that the outputs you receive are adequate to compensate for your collective ___________________.

inputs

In Adams' equity theory, knowledge, experience, education, and effort expended all are perceived as:

inputs

The question "What are the chances of receiving various outcomes if I achieve my performance goals?" represents which element of Vroom's expectancy theory?

instrumentality

An individual's capacity for constructive thinking, reasoning, and problem solving is called _____.

intelligence

The form of organizational justice that reflects whether people are told the truth and treated with respect is:

interactional justice

The two forms of locus of control are

internal and external

People who believe they control the events and consequences that affect their lives are said to possess a(n):

internal locus of control

Select all that are influenced by person factors.

job career aspirations

The approach to job design in which individuals make physical and cognitive changes in the task or relational boundaries of their work is known as ____________ ____________.

job crafting

The approach to job design in which individuals make physical and cognitive changes in the task or relational boundaries of their work is known as:

job crafting

The activities that involve alteration of specific jobs or sets of interdependent jobs to improve employee experience and motivation are known as ___________________

job design

Workplaces attitudes result from OB-related processes such as _____.

leadership

A relatively stable personality characteristic that describes how much personal responsibility you take for your behavior and its consequences is:

locus of control

Which model of job satisfaction reflects the difference between what an employee expects to receive from a job and what he or she actually receives?

met expectations

The psychological mechanisms that guide the direction, intensity, and persistence of one's behaviors or thoughts are known as:

motivation

Which of the following are important to consider when selecting alternative solutions?

necessary resources who will be supporters who will be resisters

The extent to which the characteristics of a job allow an individual to fulfill his or her needs is called:

need fulfillment

Physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior are called __________.

needs

According to Schwartz's theory, an employee who values tradition will not want to work:

on a holiday

Programs to help people come back to their careers after taking a break are known as

on-ramping

Studying a faulty reward system that unfairly distributes raises is a study of what level of OB?

organizational

Your personal and professional success most heavily depends on

others' perceptions of you

Feelings of equity are based on a comparison of which two factors?

outcomes inputs

Equity theory uses a comparison of the ratio of __________ to _____________.

outputs inputs

Our values are influenced by the values of our ______ and by the ___________ we have as children.

parents experiences

Object recognition is a major function of

perception

In Vroom's expectancy theory, instrumentality is the relationship between which two factors?

performance outcome

In the systems model of the organizing framework, what are the initial drivers of all outcomes?

person and situation

In the isolation approach, managers respond to diversity issues by

placing certain employees in functionally independent "silos."

People who have a ___________ attitude about work will be more open to working longer hours.

positive

According to Ajzen, someone's intention to engage in a given behavior is a strong ________ of that behavior.

predictor

Managers can reduce the effect of stereotypes by

providing education about how stereotypes work.

Cognitive dissonance is a representation of:

psychological discomfort

______ a problem means opting for a solution that is satisfactory but not the most ideal.

resolving

Over the past seven decades, intelligence levels in developed countries have

risen significantly

The job design method that moves employees from one job to another is job

rotation

Studies show that met expectations are strongly correlated with feelings of job ___________.

satisfaction

The kind of management that sets standards established by facts gained from systematic observation, experiment, or reasoning is:

scientific management

Which approach to job design often creates jobs that are very simple, repetitive, and boring?

scientific management

Which value is likely to be strongest in people who lived during the Great Depression?

security

How people feel about their chances of doing something successfully is known as _____.

self-efficacy

Environmental characteristics that cause stress are called

stressors

When evaluating core self evaluations,

the whole is greater than the sum of the parts

True or false: Research in more than 1000 different studies from a wide range of countries show that goal setting helps achieve success.

true

The distinction between person and environment is critical to:

understanding OB concepts

Childhood events tend to cause _________ to vary across generations.

values

According to research, which area are job applicants most likely to lie about?

work history

What are the four components of core self-evaluations?

Emotional Stability Self-esteem Locus of Control Self-efficacy

Which of the following are accurate uses of a basketball analogy for core self-evaluations?

Emotional stability and self-esteem are like teammates. The core self-evaluation is the team and the traits are the players.

Select the reasons ethics are important in business.

Employees face ethical challenges throughout their careers. Unethical behavior impacts cooperation and loyalty in a negative manner. Unethical behavior hurts relationships and destroys trust.

Mena, a student, feels cognitive dissonance over her conflicting desires to hang out with her friends and to finish her class project. She reduces the dissonance by telling herself that finishing the project now means that she can have the entire weekend free to spend with her friends. Which method of reducing cognitive dissonance does this represent?

Finding consonant elements that outweigh dissonant ones

What role does cognitive dissonance play in equity theory?

It motivates people to maintain consistency between their beliefs and their behavior.

Which of the following are improvements made in women's equality by 2018? (Check all that apply.)

Leadership positions in schools and government More seats on boards of directors Higher educational attainment than men

Select all the ways employee engagement can be increased.

Listening and communicating effectively Offering career and developmental opportunities for employees Recognizing people for good work

Studies imply that managers

Should help develop self-efficacy in their employees by mentoring and role modeling

Select ways employees can address unethical behaviors.

Treat ethics like business strategy Challenge the rationale behind decisions Accept the need to address ethics at work

According to goal setting theory, which of the following are needed in order for goals to motivate employees?

ability to achieve the goal commitment to the goal goal specificity

One way managers can improve employee perceptions of procedural justice is to:

allow them to participate in important work decisions

Job satisfaction and employee engagement are two workplace ___________ measured by management.

attitudes

Personal values exemplify global beliefs, while personal ___________ are more specific to a situation, person, or object.

attitudes

A ______ concept of personality allows you to more effectively predict behavior.

broader

A person's intelligence

can be increased

Schwartz's second bipolar dimension ranges from self-directed independence or openness to ________________ to ___________________.

change conservation (or conformity)

Select the three common elements in choosing among alternatives to arrive at an effective solutions

choice process selection criteria consequences

Individuals committed to an organization tend to display a _____.

continuation of employment with the firm

A broad personality trait comprised of four narrower and positive individual traits as components is called:

core self-evaluations

Corporate _______ is prevalent even though most leaders are dedicated to operating ethical organizations.

corruption

People with low self-esteem

deal with a lot of self-doubt.

In the coming years, the population percentage of non-Hispanic whites in the US is predicted to see:

decline

The statistical measurements of populations and their qualities such as age, gender, race, and income over time are

demographics

Select all of the characteristics that are influenced by motivation.

direction of behavior or thought intensity of behavior or thought persistence of behavior or thought

The form of organizational justice that reflects the perceived fairness of how rewards are allocated is:

distributive justice

Select the components of core self-evaluations.

emotional stability generalized self-efficacy locus of control self esteem

Kahn described "the harnessing of organization members' selves to their work roles" as:

employee engagement

When people express themselves physically, cognitively, and emotionally during a role performance. they are demonstrating ___________ _____________.

employee engagement

It is believed that awareness of multiple intelligences should play an important role in

employee selection training performance

Gallup has estimated that when employees are highly ______, the firm can achieve 10% higher customer satisfaction and loyalty ratings.

engaged

A manager who makes sure to treat employees in a manner that they perceive as fair is exhibiting which model of job satisfaction?

equity

Which term describes the idea that not all individuals prefer an equal ratio of outputs to incomes?

equity sensitivity

Reward systems, decision making, leader behavior, and organizational culture are all affected by ______ conduct.

ethical

Select all disciplines that OB draws from:

ethics management anthropology psychology

The concept of equity ties directly to how ___________ a person is treated at work.

fair

People with an external locus of control

feel that their success is explained by environmental factors.

The ___________ _____________is an unseen barrier that stops women from advancing to higher-level positions.

glass ceiling

Which term describes someone who cares more about what they put into a group project than the rewards they receive from participating in the project?

high equity sensitivity

Any thoughts or beliefs that are automatically activated from memory without our conscious awareness are examples of

implicit cognition

Which generic action option is an outgrowth of affirmative action programs and attempts to either increase or decrease the number of diverse people throughout an organization?

include/exclude

Managing diversity and targeting specific demographics

is a good business move.

Promoting high intrinsic motivation by designing jobs with the five core job characteristics is the goal of which approach to job design?

job characteristics model

The job design method that puts more variety into a job by combining specialized tasks of comparable difficulty is:

job enlargement

Select the areas of OB that have been shown to have a powerful influence on ethical conduct at work.

leader behavior organizational culture decision making

Which of the following are positively associated with organizational support in firms?

less tendency to resign employee engagement better job satisfaction more commitment to the organization

Select the ways that POS can be increased.

limit work environment stressors avoid political behavior treat employees fairly provide job security

People can use the skills associated with practical intelligence to

manage themselves and others. manage tasks. adapt to their environment.

The top-down job design method that creates jobs that are very simplified and repetitive is scientific ___________________

management

Intelligence is more practically thought of as

multiple intelligences

In Schwartz's circular-motivation structure, individuals are least likely to hold two values that are

on opposing sides of the circle.

The field of ________ ________ encompasses research and practice from various disciplines like anthropology, psychology, statistics, political science, vocational counseling, and management.

organizational behavior

The extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and commits to its goals is called _______________ ______________ .

organizational commitment

Select aspects of OB to be considered in an organization if many employees begin quitting their jobs.

organizational policies group/team dynamics individual level characteristics

Managers who provide ______ can increase employee engagement, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and other factors that make firms more functional and productive.

organizational support

Perceived ________ __________motivates employees to work hard and commit to the organization.

organizational support

Pay, promotions, challenging assignments, participation in decision making are all considered ______ in Adam's equity theory.

outputs

When there is a difference between a goal and the actual outcome, this is known as a(n)

problem

The systematic process of closing gaps between a desired outcome and actual situation is called ________ ___________

problem solving

When we attempt to meet our goals through a systematic process of closing gaps between goals and outcomes, we are

problem solving

An employee's beliefs about what he or she is entitled to receive in return for what he or she provides to the organization are represented by his or her

psychological contract

Which of the following are considered outputs in equity theory? (Check all that apply.)

recognition bonuses

Research shows that effective mentoring of Hispanics and other workers from minority groups can significantly improve

retention. career progression.

A person's general belief about his or her own self-worth is:

self-esteem

Match the population size and event to the generations.

traditionaist: 38.6 million - the Great Depression baby boomer: 73 million - the Vietnam War Gen Xers: 65 million - AIDS Millennials: 71 million - September 11th terrorist attacks Gen Zers: 86 million - the election of Barack Obama

Which of the following often fall short when diversity of intelligences is taken into account?

training programs

Schwartz's first bipolar dimension includes self-_______ and self-______ enhancement , Correct Unavailable.

transcendence enhancement

True or false: Careers can be tarnished by the unethical behavior of others.

true

True or false: In early 2019, the U.S. Supreme Court allowed President Trump's ban on transgender persons in the military to proceed, which meant that most transgender persons were disqualified from military service.

true

In managerial and professional jobs, _____.

women of color are represented better than men of color

Drag and drop the descriptions of different types of intelligence against the corresponding types of intelligence.

Linguistic: learn and use spoken and written languages Logical: deductive reasoning, problem analysis Musical: appreciate, compose, and perform music Bodily: using one's mind and body to coordinate physical movement Spatial: can recognize and use patterns Interpersonal: understand, connect, and work with others Intrapersonal: understand and regulate oneself Naturalistic: live in harmony with the environment

Select reasons students might cheat

Peer behavior Low certainty of being reported Perceived unfairness of grading

Which of the following statements about the relationship between person factors and situation factors are true?

Person factors can change situation factors. Situation factors can change person factors.

Select the person factors that contribute to employee engagement.

Personality Social capital

Select characteristics of a person with high self-efficacy.

Plans, prepares and practices Avoids or neutralizes obstacles Sets goals Active in selecting opportunities

Match the description (on the right) with the step (on the left) in the 3-Step Approach to problem solving.

Step 1: Identify the problem by reviewing desired outcomes Step 2: Consider possible causes of the problem using OB knowledge Step 3: Make practical recommendations

Which of the following statements are consistent with Locke and Latham's findings about goal setting?

Successful goal achievement reinforces employee satisfaction and leads to setting higher goals. People need the ability and resources to achieve the goal. Goals that are specific and difficult lead to higher performance.

Which of the following statements about situation factors is true?

They are very important to your job performance.

Which of the following are true of personal values? (Check all that apply.)

They influence behavior across all situations. They represent global beliefs.

Why is it important for managers to track key workplace attitudes?

They link to other important organizational outcomes such as task performance and employee turnover.

Which statement is true of core self-evaluations?

They represent a broad personality trait composed of four narrow traits.

Select characteristics of a person with low self-efficacy.

Thinks of excuses for failing Avoids difficult tasks Has low commitment Focuses on personal deficiencies

Drag and drop different types of traits on the right against the generations they relate to on the left.

Traditionalist: Patriotic, loyalty, disciplined, conformist, high work ethic, respect for authority Baby boomer: Workaholic, idealistic, work ethic, competitive, materialistic, seek personal fulfillment Gen Xers: Self-reliant, work-life balance, adaptable, cynical, distrust authority, independent, technologically savvy Millennials: Entitled, civic minded, close parental involvement, cyber literacy, appreciate diversity, multitasking Gen Zers: Multitasking, digital natives, independent learners, online life, communicate fast and online

True or false: Intelligence and mental abilities are related to performance.q

True

Which of the following statements about unethical behavior in the workplace is true?

Unethical behavior makes everyone in the workplace look bad.

Select all the feelings related to employee engagement.

Urgency Enthusiasm Focus Intensity

Which of the following are true of using core self-evaluations in a managerial role?

Using core self-evaluations as one characteristic works better than using the four traits. Self-efficacy is more flexible to use in training than the other traits. The training power of core self-evaluations is limited because of the fixed nature of the traits.

The fact that at work some coworkers remain satisfied in situations where others always seem dissatisfied is the idea behind:

Disposition/Genetic Components

Sigrid is trying to determine why so many people in her department are transferring to a different department. Which of the following questions would Sigrid ask if she were focusing on person factors to determine the source of the problem?

Do the departing coworkers have a preference for working collaboratively versus independently?

A situation in which employment decisions about a person are due to reasons not associated with performance or are not related to the job is called

discrimination

Eradicating or getting rid of the situation that is causing the problem is known as ______ problems.

dissolving

Toleration differs from isolation as an approach to diversity issues in that

diverse people are included, but their differences are not valued or appreciated.

Managing _______ helps maintain and grow an organization in an increasingly competitive marketplace.

diversity

_______________ represents the multitude of individual differences and similarities that exist among people. (Enter one word in the blank.)

diversity

The ways managers can work to reduce stereotyping include:

educating employees about how stereotypes influence behavior encouraging employees to increase their awareness of stereotypes creating opportunities for diverse employees to work together as equals

The job design method that offers an employee the opportunity to experience achievement, recognition, and stimulating work through vertical loading is job ____________

enrichment

Pay, promotions, challenging assignments, participation in decision making are all considered outputs in Adam's Elements of ____________ theory

equity

A concern for right versus wrong is referred to as:

ethics

Which of the following are potential constraints during problem solving?

insufficient funds lack of information lack of time

Advantages of designing jobs using job rotation include:

providing employees with a broader perspective of the organization building employee knowledge and ability to promote from within increased worker flexibility for scheduling through cross-training

For most jobs, candidates are selected for their ______ skills.

technical

Which of the following are examples of situation factors? (Check all that apply.)

Jin's manager gives him a new project. Stefan and his team are laid off due to company-wide downsizing.

Which shape on a graph best represents the relationship between increasing emotional stability and outcomes?

an inverted-U

Skills that are related to technical know-how, such as bookkeeping or financial analysis, are known as __________ skills.

hard

According to Schwartz's theory, if an employee values benevolence and universalism, it makes sense to assign projects or tasks that:

have social value

Employees' perceptions of _________________ are enhanced when they have a voice in the decision-making process.

justice

Managers track the four key workplace attitudes because they:

link to other outcomes managers will want to improve represent important outcomes they are working to enhance

A _______ concept of personality enables you to more precisely describe individuals.

narrow

Sternberg applied what he called "practical intelligence" to leadership by using an aspect of intelligence referred to by Gardner as

naturalist intelligence

To achieve ______, managers should structure work and its associated rewards to reinforce employees' values.

value attainment

It is believed that intelligence increases due to a combination of which factors?

improved socioeconomics technological complexity better schooling healthier nutrition

Who are on-ramping programs designed to help?

people reentering the workforce after a temporary career break

Eagly and Carli determined that modern women have a career path that

resembles a labyrinth.

Which stage of social perception involves turning mental perceptions into real-world judgments and decisions?

retrieval and response

The quantifiability of a goal is known as goal _________________

specificity

According to Azjen, modeling desired behaviors is an effective way to impact the intentions of others and increase ________ norms about doing work..

subjective

In Ajzen's theory of planned behavior, a perceived social pressure for or against a behavior is a(n)

subjective norm

Before managers can identify the best job candidates, it is first necessary for them to identify

the intelligences necessary for the job.

Values remain mostly stable across _________ and _________

time situations

True or false: At a certain level emotional stability becomes problematic.

true

True or false: Perceptions of organizational support can be either positive or negative.

true

True or false: Values and attitudes are usually in agreement.

true

Select the situation factors that drive employee engagement.

Job characteristics Stressors Leadership

Select all of the approaches used on the individual corporate level to make technically oriented jobs accessible to less-qualified candidates.

apprenticeships specialized training programs internships

A concern with identifying right and wrong behavior is referred to as

ethics

The question "What are the chances of reaching my performance goal?" represents which element of Vroom's expectancy theory?

expectancy

Those who believe their performance is a product of circumstances beyond their immediate control possess a(n):

external locus of control

What does equity theory explain?

how people strive for fairness in social exchanges how people strive for fairness in give-and-take relationships

Which of the following are benefits firms gain as a result of having highly engaged employees?

improved profitability more customer loyalty and engagement increased productivity

Select the levels that OB distinguishes among.

individual group/team organizational

Select the practical implications of multiple intelligence.

it explains how a child can score poorly in an IQ test and yet be gifted in one or more ways employees can be developed in areas of need based on intelligence it is important to identify intelligences relevant to a job during the selection process

Select examples of why people and environment are not static.

opportunities and rewards change people the job market is ever changing as are employers each new person and their characteristics changes a situation

A person seeking to understand and manage people at work is likely to study _______ ________ , which is an interdisciplinary field.

organizational behavior

An interdisciplinary field focused on understanding and managing people at work is _____.

organizational behavior

Organizational commitment occurs when employees value achievement and an employer rewards people for accomplishing goals. When this occurs, the consistency is called __________-_________ fit.

person-culture

Which of the following are problems that often arise with jobs based on Taylor's scientific management methods?

poor mental health high levels of dissatisfaction and stress low sense of accomplishment

Which component of CSEs is the most flexible and therefore best suited to being a focal point for employee training?

self-efficacy

According to equity theory, people compare

their output-to-input ratio to that of relevant others.

The abstract ideals that influence the choices we make are called:

values

Organizations compete more effectively when employees feel their managers are doing which of the following?

valuing them including them supporting them

Job enrichment is the job design method that uses ________________ loading to improve motivation

vertical

What is the best way to celebrate your uniqueness while remembering that some people are uncomfortable with individual differences?

Just be yourself.

Choosing among available options is not always a pure choice between right and wrong, which means that sometimes one faces a(n)

ethical dilemma

Intelligence training that does not replicate what users actually do in their daily life lacks which essential characteristic?

generalizability

The ___________ / _____________ option in Thomas' framework has the goal to either increase or decrease the number of diverse people at all levels of the firm.

include exclude

In the systems approach to OB, person and situation factors are considered _________, while the three levels of analysis are categorized as processes or _________.

inputs outputs

The term _________ __________ reflects the extent to which a person likes his or her job.

job satisfaction

The extent to which employees believe their organization values their contributions and genuinely cares about their well-being is:

perceived organizational support.

The idea that good treatment inspires good work is the basic premise of

perceived organizational support.

A cognitive process that enables people to interpret and understand their surroundings is called

perception

According to the Organizing Framework for Understanding and Applying OB, human and social capital is considered a _______________ factor that aids in employee engagement at work.

person

Masahiro prefers to work as a team member. He enjoys working collaboratively with others. This preference is a(n)

person factor

The various characteristics that make individuals unique are known as

person factors

Which of the following is an example of a person factor?

preference to work independently

Organizations cannot discriminate due to ______.

pregnancy race age

Select barriers to implementing successful diversity programs.

prejudice inaccurate stereotypes ethnocentrism

Match the term to the correct definition.

Diversity Climate: a subcomponent of an organization's overall atmosphere as defined by employees' aggregate perceptions about the firms diversity related format structure characteristics and informal values. Psychological Safety: the extent to which people feel comfortable to express their ideas and beliefs without fear of negative consequences.

In Schwartz's value theory, values are organized into two

bipolar dimensions

In Ajzen's model, what is the best way to change a behavior?

by modifying intentions

Which of the following are ways in which organizations pursue an assimilation approach to diversity issues?

by using recruitment practices that emphasize company values by providing policies that instruct employees on what to do in specific situations by employing orientation programs that introduce standard operating procedures

The ___________ option in Thomas's framework means people refute that differences exist.

deny

To ensure the highest levels of employee motivation, employers should strive to create work environments that:

match employees' values

Scientific management designs jobs based on which of the following?

systematic observation experimentation reason

The top-down approaches to job design include:

the job characteristics model job enlargement scientific management

What is the purpose of The Fellowship Initiative instituted by JPMorgan Chase?

to provide academic and leadership training to young men of color

Select all that apply to those with an internal locus of control.

Display greater work motivation Derive more job satisfaction from performance Have strong expectations that effort leads to performance

Beliefs you have that concern something specific, such as a specific person, are known as personal

attitudes

An invisible barrier that restrains women from reaching higher-level positions is called the:

glass ceiling

Who pioneered the use of equity theory in the workplace?

J. Stacy Adams

Select ways to improve self-esteem.

apply yourself to thinks important to you think of desirable characteristics possessed by yourself Perform at a high level

What did medical device maker Arthrex and Shaw Industries Inc. incorporate to raise productivity, satisfaction, and motivation among Hispanic employees?

customized training programs to improve communication skills

A firm that lacks diversity among its workforce but insists that the company does not take into account factors such as age, gender, or ethnicity in making hiring decisions is using which generic action option in response to diversity issues?

deny

Altering jobs to improve employee experience and productivity is called job

design

Which approach did Target use in its social media campaign to target a new core demographic?

using Spanish words that have no English equivalent

Shalom Schwartz believed that ________ impact behavior no matter what the context.

values

Which of the following are common criteria used when hiring new college graduates for their first job?

GPA major internship or other work experience

Using Vroom's expectancy theory to predict motivation, it can be said that:

motivation will be high when all three elements are high

Which of the following are among the general motives in Ajzen's theory of planned behavior that predict or influence intention and behavior?

perceived behavioral control subjective norms attitude toward the behavior

Compared to people with an external locus of control, people with an internal locus of control

show greater motivation.

It is important to understand the interaction of person factors and ____________ factors.

situation

When assessing good or bad behavior from employees, managers should consider both the person and the __________.

situation

The myriad external elements that influence what we do, how we do it, and the outcomes of our actions are called

situation factors

Which of the following are among the top-down approaches to job design?

Job enlargement Job rotation Scientific management

Skills dealing with human relationships and interactions are referred to as ______ skills.

soft

OB concepts can be applied to the problem-___________ process to overcome challenges and improve your performance.

solving

Problem ____________ efforts can be adversely affected if the problem is incorrectly identified.

solving

The _________ option in Thomas' framework means that differences are squelched or discouraged. (Enter one word in the blank.)

suppress

One way to make sure inputs in the Organizing Framework are positively oriented is to measure, track, and respond to

surveys

Which theory of organizational behavior suggests that people are not inherently better than others but may perform better in a given job or situation due to the combination of person and situation factors involved?

the interactional perspective

An affective or emotional response toward various facets of one's job is called ______.

job satisfaction

Select all the benefits of perceived organizational support.

job satisfaction organizational citizenship organizational commitment employee engagement

The definition of a(n) __________ is when our desired outcomes do not match the actual situation.

problem

To solve problems effectively, it is important to consider necessary ______, such as people who will provide support.

resources

In choosing among alternatives to qualify a solution, a person is focusing on ______ if he or she considers such things as ethical implications, personal values, profits, and/or company reputation.

selection criteria

Workers who value their own personal success and power more than they value teamwork and the needs of others exhibit which of Schwartz's values?

self-enhancement

The ________________ option in Thomas' framework involves acknowledging differences but not valuing or accepting them. (Enter one word in the blank.)

tolerate

In Schwartz's theory, which of the following values are dimensions of conservation?

tradition security conformity

Which of the following are true about values? (Check all that apply.)

They are generally stable. They can guide behavior subconsciously.

Select ways managers can increase employee commitment:

Treat employees fairly and foster trust between managers and employees. Hire people whose personal values align with the organization. Make sure that management does not breach its psychological contracts.

When there are two choices in a situation, and neither resolves the issue in an ethically acceptable manner, a(n) ______ exists.

ethical dilemma

The idea that satisfaction results from the perception that a job allows for fulfillment of an individual's important values is:

value attainment

When making recommendations for solving a problem, it is important to link the recommendations to

causes

What motivates corrective action in equity theory?

cognitive dissonance

What is the primary argument of the interactional perspective of organizational behavior?

Behavior is a function of interdependent person and situation factors.

Select the components that influence overall attitudes.

Behavioral Cognitive Affective

Ajzen and Fishbein consider intentions as the key link between ______ and planned _____.

attitudes; behavior

Match the explanation to the application of self-efficacy at work.

Job Design: Complex jobs tend to enhance self-efficacy. Training and Development: Guided experiences improve employee self-efficacy. Self-Management: Training linked to goal setting, action planning, and self-motivation increases self-efficacy. Goal Setting and Quality Improvement: Difficulty must match employees perceived self-efficacy. Creativity: Managerial support of workplace creativity raises self-efficacy. Coaching: Constructive pointers and feedback especially for those victimized by learned helplessness is important. Leadership: High self-efficacy managers should be given an opportunity to prove themselves under pressure.

Which of the following job characteristics is most likely to increase job satisfaction under the dispositional/genetic components model?

feelings of autonomy

Select all the ways that Cisco increases employee commitment.

supporting employee volunteer work offering flextime outlining expectations in a company manifesto

The theories that focus on explaining the process by which internal and situational factors influence employee motivation are known as ______ theories.

process


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