MGT 320 Mid-Term

Path-Goal Theory

A contingency approach to leadership in which the leader's responsibility is to increase subordinates motivation by clarifying the behaviors necessary for task accomplishment and rewards.

People Oriented Behavior

Acknowledge accomplishments, respect people, be positive, give time and encouragement, show acceptance and compassion, display trust.

Prejudice

Adverse feeling or opinion formed without regard for the facts

Theory X

Assumption that people are basically lazy and not motivated to work and that they have a natural tendency to avoid responsibility

Coaching leadership style

Based on a high concern for both relationships and tasks

Ethnocentrism

Belief that one's own culture and subculture are inherently superior to other cultures

Howard schultz grow up

Brooklyn, New York

Task-Oriented Behavior

Clarify task objectives and job responsibilities, set performance expectations, plan use of resources, coordinate activities, check progress and quality of work, evaluate performance.

Qualities for effective leadership and followership

Committed to the common good rather than self-interest. Firm in their beliefs.

Extroversion

Degree to which a person is outgoing, sociable, talkative, and comfortable meeting and talking to new people

Democratic Leader

Delegates authority to others, encourages participation, relies on subordinates' knowledge for completion of tasks, depends on subordinate respect for influence.

Moral Leadership

Distinguishing right from wrong and doing right. Seeking the just, honest, and good in the practice of leadership.

Contingency Theories

Emphasized that leadership cannot be understood in a vacuum separate from various elements of the group or organizational situation. Situational theories.

Influence Theories

Examined the influence processes between leaders and followers. Charismatic leadership - Influence based on the qualities and personality of the leader

Impoverished management

Exertion of minimum work effort to get required work done is appropriate to sustain organization membership.

Great Man Theories

Leadership was conceptualized as a single Great Man who put everything together and influenced others to follow along based on the strength of inherited traits, qualities, and abilities

Strength

Natural talent or ability that has been supported and reinforced with learned knowledge and skills. Enables leadership to be based on Energy, Enthusiasm, Effectiveness.

Authority-Compliance Management

Occurs when efficiency in operations is the dominant orientation

Country Club Management

Occurs when primary emphasis is given to people rather than to work outputs

Team Management

Often considered the most effective style and is recommended because organization members work together to accomplish tasks

Characteristics of Leaders

Optimism, self confidence, honesty, integrity, drive.

Halo Effect

Overall impression of a person or situation based on one characteristic. Blinds the perceiver to other characteristics.

high internal locus of control

People who believe their actions determine what happens to them have a:

Stereotype

Rigid, exaggerated, irrational, and negative belief or image associated with a particular group of people

End Values

Sometimes called terminal values, these are beliefs about the kind of goals or outcomes that are worth trying to pursue

Characteristics of Entrepreneurial Leaders

Strong drive, enthusiasm and future vision. Highly self motivated and are willing to stretch themselves and take risks for improvement. Pg. 55

Derailed Managers

Successful people who excelled in a functional area and were expected to go far, but they reached a plateau, were fired, or were forced to retire early.

Aspects of the Leadership Grid

Team management, country club management, authority compliance management, middle-of-the-road management, impoverished management.

Projection

Tendency to see one's own personal traits in others

Global Mindset

The ability of managers to appreciate and influence individuals, groups, organizations, and systems that represent different social, cultural, political, institutional, intellectual, or psychological characteristics.

Self-Serving Bias

The tendency to overestimate the influence of internal factors on one's success and the influence of external factors on one's failures

Age Discrimination Act

extends discrimination protection to persons aged 40 years old and older for organizations of 20 or more employees.

Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1975

makes it illegal to refuse to employ a woman because of pregnancy, childbirth or a related medical condition.

Americans With Disabilities Act

prohibits discrimination against qualified individuals with disabilities in organizations of 15 or more employees. The ADA also requires that the employer offer reasonable accommodations to disabled individuals so that they have equal opportunity to apply for job openings and if hired, to be successful in their job functions.

. The Civil Rights Act of 1964

prohibits discrimination in employment practices when the discrimination is based on a person's race, color, sex, religion or national origin. The federal law applies to organizations with 15 or more employees.

Middle-of-the-road Management

reflects a moderate amount of concern for both people and production