MGT 474 Exam 1

Characteristics associated with leadership can be classified in 3 categories:

-Personality traits -Motives -Cognitive factors

transmits up to the minute information to superiors and outside persons groups

spokesperson

-serves as a guide to leader selection -can guide individuals in preparing for leadership reponsiblities

strengths of trait approach

multiplies in importance for organizational leaders because it does take a long time to implement for a new program or to consummate a new business deal

tenacity and resilience

focused on routine transactions and rewarding group members for meeting standards

transactional leadership

focuses on what the leader accomplishes yet it still pays attention to the leaders personal characteristics and his/her relationship with group members

transformational leadership

considered essential to effective leadership that some companies use these factors

trustworthiness

connected to ethics because ethics becomes the vehicle for converting ethics into actions

values

corporate social performance and corporate financial performance feeds and reinforce each other

virtuous circle

offer an exciting image of where the organization is headed and how to get there

visionary

-cognitive intelligence -knowledge of the business or groups task -creativity -insight into people and situations -farsightedness and conceptual thinking

what are the 5 cognitive factors

High level leaders have unilateral control over only a few resources

Leadership irrelevance

-Perceived as responsible and inspirational -Invovled in making decisions and are knowledgable

Leadership matters when:

Leader, group members, context of the sitaiont

Leadership process elements include:

Interpersonal roles, informational roles, decision making roles, negotiator, coach and motivator, team builder, team player, entrepreneur, strategic planner, and executor

Leadership roles:

Degree to which people believe they have control over the outcome of events in their lives, opposed to external forces beyond their control

Locus of control

Planning, organizing, direction and controlling -Provides order, consistency and predictability

Management

needs 3 dominant characteristics: 1. act with vigor and determination 2. invest much time in thinking about ways to alter behavior and thinking of others 3. care about their personal standing with those around them

Power motive

workers who incorporate strong professional norms often require a minimum of supervision and leadership

Professional norms

leads people to focus on the intent of the action rather than on the action itself

Rationalization and implied permission

At times, competent leadership is not necessary, and incompetent leadership can bee counterbalanced by factors in the work situation -Closely knit teams of highly trained individuals -Intrinsic satisfaction -Information technology -Professional norms

Substitutes for leadership

when people evaluate managers in terms of their leadership effectiveness, the often scrutinize the managers traits and personal characteristics -The combination of traits and behaviors helps explain differences in leaders effectiveness

Trait based leadership perspective

the ability to find job in accomplishment of goals or vision

achievement

finding joy in accomplishment for its own sake

achievement motivation

being forthright in expressing demands, opinions, feelings and attitudes

assertiveness

charismatic leadership involves the _________ made by group members about thee characteristics of leaders and the results they achieve

attributes

perceive their role to include having an ethical responsibility to all their shareholder -deep commitment to their personal growth as well as growth of other stakeholders

authentic leaders

being genuine and honest about your personality, values and beliefs as well as having integrity

authenticity

overlap their public celebrity with socialized and personalized traits

celebrity charismatics

divinely inspired gift -special quality of leaders whose purposes, powers, and extraordinary determination differentiate from others

charisma

problem solving and intellectual skills

cognitive factors

cares about environment in such ways as being a champion in recycling

concern for sustainability

people learn to conform to the expectations of good behavior as defined by key people in their environment and societal norms

conventional

broad personalities trait that captures bottom line self assessment that's composed of self esteem, locus of control, generalized self efficacy and emotional stability

core self evaluations

entrepreneur, disturbance handler role, resource allocator role, and negotiator

decision making roles include

informed about special information exclusive to higher level officeers

disseminator

deals with sudden crises like interpersonal conflicts, accidents, loss of support, etc. mediates disagreements, problem solving takes priority over all other leadership tasks

disturbance handler role

a propensity to put forth high energy towards achieving goals and to be persistent in applying that energy

drive

leaders are known for working hard to achieve their goals

drive and achievement

takes the form of optimism

enthusiasm

initiates and designs change to develop new projects, obtain new methods, or reorganize structural format

entrepreneur

communicating about ethics, explains ethical rules and encourages and rewards ethical conduct

ethical guidance

accepted guidelines of behavior for groups or institutions, study of moral obligations, separating right from wrong

ethics

avoids favoritism, treats others in a manner that is right and equal, makes principled choices

fairness

ability to understand the long range implications of actions and policies

farsightedness

leaders spend some part of their time engaging in ceremonial activities

figurehead

adjust to different situations has long been recognized as an important leadership characteristic

flexibility and adaptability

A moral leader will practice __________ ethics

good

being humble and interpersonal skills

humility

monitor, disseminator, and spokesperson

informational roles include

a depth of understanding that requires considerable intuition and common sense

insight

loyalty to rational principles, practicing what one preaches regardless of emotional or social pressure

integrity

people may say that they are doing something wrong in order to help a client or that they are boosting the stock price to help investors.

intent of action vs action

figurehead, leader and liason

interpersonal roles include:

guidelines for evaluating the ethics of a decision

it is right, it is fair, who gets hurt, would you be comfortable if the details of your decision or actions were made public, what would you tell a child, sibling, or relative, how does it smell

involves a self perception organized around a set of moral traits such as honesty, caring, and compassion -acts as a self regulatory mechanism rooted in a persons sense of what is right and wrong

leader moral identity

articulating a highly emotional message

leadership by inspiration

inspiring and instructing by telling fascinating stories

leadership by storytelling

a notable contributor to a leaders ethics and morality

level of moral development

establishes and maintains web of relationships with outside persons and groups

liaison

-doesn't identify which amount of characteristics are absolutely needed -can breed an elitist conception of leadership -different situations call for different combinations of traits -can lead some to be strong at one trade at the exclusion of its opposite

limitations of trait approach

to inspire people, uses colorful language and exciting metaphors and analogies

masterful communication skills

monitors internal and external forces for problems and opportunities within and outside the organization

monitor

an individuals determination of what is right or wrong, -influence by persons value

morals

seeing what we want to see and missing contradictory information

motivated blindness

negotiates contracts or agreements with important partners, suppliers or consultants

negotiator

a dominant characteristic of effective leaders is their passion for their work and to some extent for the people who help them accomplish the work

passion for the work and the people

cares about, respects, and supports followers

people orientation

when group members _______ a leader to have a certain characteristic, the leader will more likely bee perceived as charismatic

perceive

use power to serve their own intersts

personalized charismatics

seek power mostly to further their own interests (besos)

personalized power motive

people are guided by an internalized set of universal principles that may even transcend the laws of a particular society

post conventional

allows for group members input into decisions and listens to their suggestions, ideas, and concerns

power sharing

ability to solve everyday problems by using experience based knowledge to adapt and shape the environment

practical intelligence

person is concerned primarily with receiving external rewards and avoiding punishment

pre conventional

relatively stable tendency to effect environmental change

proactive personality

includes interpersonal skills of being able to communicate clearly convincingly, disarm conflicts, and build strong personal bonds

relationship management

allocates money, personnel, material, equipment, facilities and services

resource allocator role

give group members more structure in their work, clarifies responsibilities, expectations and performance goals

role clarification

ability to understand your own emotions is the most essential of the four emotional intelligence competencies

self awareness

improves ones performance in a variety of tasks, including leadership

self confidence

ability to control ones emotions and act with honesty and integrity in a consistent and adaptable manner

self management

moral excess of business leaders can occur because many of them have developde

sense of entitlement

unethical and immoral leadership behavior can also be influenced by the situation, particularly the organizational culture

situation influences

relates to an organizations impact on society and goes beyond doing what is ethical

social responsibility

restrain the use of power in the interests of others

socialized charismatics

leaders use power primarily to achieve organizational goals or a vision

socialized power motive

Leadership doesn't matter

Anti leadership argument

Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism

Big 5

members of a cohesive highly trained group are focused on a goal, they may require almost no leadership to accomplish their task

Closely knit teams of highly trained individuals

Group members who significantly influence other group members even tho they haven't been assigned formal authority

Emergent leaders

Capability to be aware of someone's emotions

Emotional intelligence

The dimensions of ethical leadership include:

Fairness, power sharing, role clarification, people orientation, integrity, ethical guidance, concern for sustainability

Provides insight as to when leaders contribute to organizational performance

Flexible leadership theory

Observable both within and outside the context of work

General personality trait

nobody is telling me to stop, so it must be okay

Implied permission

some companies today use computer aided monitoring and computer networking to take over many of the supervisor's leadership functions. Can provide workers at all levels with useful performance feedback enabling them to guide their own productivity

Information technology

employees who are engaged in work they find strongly self motivating or intrinsically satisfying, require a minimum of leadership

Intrinsic satisfaction

Ability to inspire confidence and support among the people who are needed to achieve organizational goals. Deals with interpersonal aspects of a managers job

Leadership

Attaining desirable outcomes such as productivity, quality, and satisfaction

Leadership effectiveness